The Premier Academic Event in the Energy Storage Field—the 9th Energy Storage Frontier Technology Conference is expected to open soon. The conference is scheduled to be held from March 31 to April 3, 2026, at the Beijing·Capital International Exhibition & Convention Center, and is hosted by the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; the China Energy Research Society; and the Zhongguancun Energy Storage Industry Technology Alliance. This conference features nine major tracks: the Academician Forum, Advanced Energy Storage Materials, Energy Storage Design and System Integration, Grid-Forming ESS , Battery Cells, Hydrogen Energy, Long Duration Energy Storage (LDES), Short-Duration High-Frequency Energy Storage, and Safety and Standards . Led by nine academicians, with more than 50 experts from universities and research institutes and more than 70 representatives from leading enterprises gathering together, the conference will jointly explore frontier technologies, development trends, and future challenges in the ESS sector. Established in 2017, the Energy Storage Frontier Technology Conference is an important academic brand event actively developed by the Energy Storage International Summit and Exhibition (ESIE) . The conference aims to provide a platform for experts and scholars in the ESS sector to share research achievements and discuss frontier technologies. By showcasing the latest advances in energy storage technologies, it stimulates innovative thinking and drives technological breakthroughs; grounded in the integration of academic research and industry needs, it offers new ideas for the innovative development of the energy storage industry. Conference Highlights Led by Academicians, with a Strong Lineup Nine academicians will take the lead, with more than 50 experts from universities and research institutes and more than 70 representatives from leading enterprises gathering together to discuss frontier research achievements and share in-depth industry insights. Focused on the Frontier, Comprehensive Coverage Covering hot topic areas such as advanced energy storage materials, battery cells, hydrogen energy, long duration energy storage (LDES), short-duration high-frequency energy storage, grid-forming ESS, energy storage design and system integration, and safety and standards, it provides a comprehensive interpretation of the current development status and future trends of each technology pathway. Industry–Education Integration, Jointly Seeking Development Building a high-level platform for industry–academia–research exchange and cooperation, promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and pooling efforts to drive the high-quality development of the energy storage industry. Zhongguancun Energy Storage Industry Technology Alliance Student Registration Channel for Attendance 1、 The main forum and all technical tracks of the 9th Energy Storage Frontier Technology Conference are free of charge for enrolled students. The Zhongguancun Energy Storage Industry Technology Alliance has set up a dedicated student registration channel; attendance is permitted after approval by the organizers. 2、 Registration for the General Public Please contact the organizer Zhao Han 18210188771 Visitor Registration Channel Exhibition Dates: April 1–3, 2026 Exhibition Venue: Beijing·Capital International Exhibition & Convention Center How to Visit: Scan the QR code above to make a free reservation to visit the exhibition The Wind Vane for the Development of China’s Energy Storage Industry The 14th Energy Storage International Summit and Exhibition ESIE 2026 Exhibition Dates: April 1, 2026–April 3, 2026 Summit Dates: March 31, 2026–April 3, 2026 Venue: Beijing·Capital International Exhibition & Convention Center

Samsung Electronics has directly addressed the development status of its next-generation silicon-carbon (Si-C) battery technology. At the launch event for the Galaxy S26, a company vice president stated that Samsung is actively developing silicon-carbon batteries, but added that the technology will only be adopted after passing stringent internal testing and demonstrating sufficient improvements in user experience.

On January 30, 2026, the National Energy Administration held a press conference (introducing the national energy situation in 2025, etc.), at which Deputy Director Bian Guangqi of the Energy Conservation and Technology Equipment Department and Deputy Director Liu Mingyang of the Electricity Department responded to journalists' questions on the work related to hydrogen energy development and issues such as the integrated development of new energy and industries. The relevant content constitutes an important notification of work achievements and future deployment in the hydrogen energy sector. Content related to hydrogen energy in the document: Hydrogen energy is listed as an important direction for future industries, playing a significant role in the construction of new-type power systems and new-type energy systems, and can promote the development and utilization of new energy, helping to achieve the "dual carbon" goals. Key work achievements during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period: First, Planning Leads to Quality Improvement , taking the lead in establishing an inter-ministerial coordination mechanism for the hydrogen energy industry development, formulating the "Medium and Long-Term Plan for Hydrogen Energy Industry Development (2021–2035)", and compiling the "China Hydrogen Energy Development Report"; second, Pilot Innovation and Integration , carrying out hydrogen energy pilots in 41 projects and 9 regions (covering directions such as large-scale new energy hydrogen production and full-chain development), implementing the "Hydrogen Energy Technology" key special project, and releasing a list of hydrogen energy first (set) technical equipment in 5 batches comprising 27 items and promoting their application; third, Standards Strengthen the Foundation , establishing the Standardization Technical Committee for the Hydrogen Energy Sector in the Energy Industry, promoting the compilation of standards such as the "Clean and Low-Carbon Hydrogen Evaluation Standard", and cooperating in the release of the methodology for renewable energy water electrolysis hydrogen production. By the end of 2025, the capacity for renewable energy hydrogen production exceeded 250,000 mt/year, doubling compared to the previous year , with projects in many places completed and put into operation, and the industrial chain gradually becoming interconnected. During the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, efforts will be intensified to strengthen planning guidance, increase policy support, tackle core technologies, etc., to cultivate hydrogen energy as a future industry; simultaneously, promoting industries such as water electrolysis hydrogen production to leverage their flexible regulation capabilities, forming new business models such as comprehensive green hydrogen-ammonia-methanol industrial bases, and creating a broad market for the hydrogen energy production, storage, transportation, and utilization industries. Policy coordination and cooperation: Previously, the National Energy Administration had issued multiple hydrogen energy-related policies, including jointly issuing the "Medium and Long-Term Plan for Hydrogen Energy Industry Development (2021–2035)" with the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) in 2022, jointly issuing the "Guiding Opinions on Vigorously Implementing the Renewable Energy Substitution Action" with multiple departments in 2024 to encourage large-scale substitution with low-carbon hydrogen and explore the construction of integrated wind-solar-hydrogen-ammonia-methanol bases, launching hydrogen energy pilot work in the energy sector in June 2025, and issuing a document on January 18, 2026 to establish four standardization technical organizations in the hydrogen energy field; the content reported in this press conference constitutes a summary of the effectiveness of previous planning, pilot projects, and standard construction work, along with subsequent advancement, further improving the full-chain policy system of "planning-pilot-standards-application", working in the same direction as previous policies to continuously promote the hydrogen energy industry from orderly initiation to large-scale, high-quality development. Full text as follows: The National Energy Administration held a press conference to introduce the national energy situation in 2025, energy supply guarantee for peak winter demand, the development of new-type energy storage, the national electricity market trading, and other related situations, and answered questions from journalists. [Zhang Xing, Deputy Director General of the General Affairs Department] Good morning, friends from the press! Welcome to the National Energy Administration's regular press conference. Today's press conference will introduce the national energy situation in 2025, the development of new-type energy storage, national electricity market trading, and energy supply guarantee for this year's peak winter demand, among other topics, and will answer questions from journalists. Attending today's press conference are Mr. Xing Yiteng, Deputy Director General of the Development Planning Department; Mr. Bian Guangqi, Deputy Director General of the Energy Conservation, Science and Technology Equipment Department; Mr. Liu Mingyang, Deputy Director General of the Electric Power Department; and Mr. Wang Yunbo, Deputy Director General of the Market Regulation Department. I am Zhang Xing, Deputy Director General of the General Affairs Department and Spokesperson of the Administration. After the presentations by the various department heads, we will have a unified Q&A session for journalists. Now, I invite Deputy Director General Xing Yiteng from the Planning Department to introduce the national energy situation and development achievements in 2025. [Xing Yiteng, Deputy Director General of the Development Planning Department] Good morning, friends from the press. Next, I will briefly introduce the national energy situation in 2025. In 2025, China's energy supply guarantee capability was effectively enhanced, supply and demand were generally balanced, multiple important policy measures were intensively introduced, the industry developed in a healthy and orderly manner, the foundation for building a new energy system was continuously strengthened, helping China's economy to sustain its rebound and improvement. I will focus on three key achievements: First, energy security was effectively guaranteed. 2025 was the year with the best energy supply guarantee results since the "14th Five-Year Plan" period. Raw coal production remained stable, with the output of raw coal from industrial enterprises above designated size up 1.2% YoY. Both oil and gas output reached record highs, with crude oil output from industrial enterprises above designated size up 1.5% YoY and natural gas output from industrial enterprises above designated size up 6.2% YoY. Power supply was stable and orderly, with a batch of UHVDC transmission projects put into operation, continuously improving the complementary and mutual support level of the power system. Second, the pace of green and low-carbon transformation accelerated. A series of policy measures were formulated and introduced to promote the integrated development of new energy, facilitate new energy consumption and regulation, helping to improve the quality and efficiency of new energy development. Throughout the year, new wind and PV installations exceeded 430 million kW, and the cumulative installed capacity surpassed 1.8 billion kW, with the share of renewable energy installed capacity exceeding 60%. Renewable energy power generation reached approximately 4.0 trillion kWh, exceeding the total electricity consumption of the EU-27 (approximately 3.8 trillion kWh). Third, significant results were achieved in the orderly development of the industry. Comprehensive rectification of "involutionary" competition in the PV industry was deeply advanced. By the end of 2025, the prices of polysilicon and silicon wafers reached 53.86 yuan/kg and 1.329 yuan/piece, respectively, up 52.0% and 35.6% from their annual lows. Comprehensive measures were implemented to achieve stable coal production, supply, and pricing, guiding spot prices to operate within a reasonable range. By the end of 2025, the spot price of 5,500 kcal thermal coal at Bohai Rim ports reached 690 yuan/mt, an increase of 75 yuan/mt from the annual low. That concludes my presentation. Thank you! [Deputy Director-General Zhang Xing, Comprehensive Department] Thank you, Deputy Director-General Xing Yiteng. Next, Deputy Director-General Liu Mingyang from the Electricity Department will introduce the energy supply guarantee situation for this winter’s peak demand period. [Deputy Director-General Liu Mingyang, Electricity Department] Hello, friends from the media! I will now introduce the energy supply guarantee situation for this winter’s peak demand period. Electricity sector. This winter, the national average temperature was close to or slightly warmer than the same period in previous years, but frequent “cold-warm transitions” occurred, with increased cold air activity in north China, leading to multiple rounds of intense cold wave conditions. National electricity load repeatedly broke historical winter peak records. On January 4, 2026, the national maximum power load reached 1.351 billion kW, setting a new winter load record (the previous record was 1.345 billion kW on December 21, 2023). On January 19, 20, and 21, affected by widespread cold wave conditions, the national maximum power load set new winter records for three consecutive days, exceeding 1.4 billion kW for the first time, with the peak reaching 1.433 billion kW on January 21. Since the beginning of this winter, the power grids of three regions (North China, Northwest China, Northeast China) and 14 provincial-level grids (including Xinjiang and Tibet) have recorded a cumulative total of 86 new historical load peaks. The National Energy Administration thoroughly implemented the decisions and deployments of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, urging and guiding local authorities and relevant energy enterprises to fully ensure stable and orderly energy and power supply. Currently, national fuel reserves are sufficient, and power supply remains stable. First, we shouldered our supply guarantee responsibilities to ensure safe and reliable power supply. We adopted a “one-province-one-policy” approach to guide and supervise the detailed implementation of supply guarantee measures, prepared contingency plans, optimized power grid arrangements, and enhanced inter-provincial surplus-deficit coordination. Currently, fuel supply for nationally dispatched power plants is solid and reliable, with coal inventories at power plants in key heating areas such as Northeast China exceeding 25 days. Second, we maintained continuous monitoring and early warning to coordinate and resolve supply guarantee risks. We continuously conducted monitoring and analysis of winter power supply guarantees, closely tracked changes in weather, load, and supply-demand conditions, strengthened bottom-line guarantees in vulnerable areas such as remote regions and urban villages where line and transformer overloads frequently occur, and properly addressed operational risks to supply guarantees. Third, we enhanced service awareness to ensure high-quality and efficient power supply and heating. We strengthened electricity safety services for residential and key users, conducted special inspections on hidden electricity safety hazards for important users, and performed special equipment inspections in response to holiday loads and cold wave conditions. Focusing on the implementation of clean heating policies and the quality of energy supply guarantees, we ensured the stable and orderly progress of clean heating efforts in north China. Fourth, strengthen regulatory oversight and properly address the urgent and difficult issues of public concern. Leverage the frontline regulatory role of dispatched agencies, enhance supervision of residential electricity use, strengthen monitoring of electricity spot market operations, and utilize market price signals to guide power generation enterprises in maintaining stable and full-capacity generation. Strengthen the whole-process supervision of complaints handled through the 12398 energy regulatory hotline, and urge energy and power enterprises within their jurisdictions to promptly address various public demands that are frequently reported, further enhancing the public's sense of gain in energy use. Coal side. Adhere to the unwavering role of coal as a bottom-line guarantee, continue to leverage the national daily coal production scheduling mechanism, promptly coordinate and resolve prominent issues encountered in stabilizing coal production and supply, and guide key coal-producing provinces (regions) and mining enterprises in scientifically formulating production plans and reasonably arranging equipment maintenance. Since the peak winter period began, coal production has remained at a relatively high level. On January 27, the coal inventory at national unified dispatch power plants was 220 million mt, sufficient for 26 days. The long-term contract price for 5,500 kcal/kg thermal coal at Qinhuangdao Port was 684 yuan/mt, while the spot price for 5,500 kcal/kg thermal coal at Bohai Rim ports was 694 yuan/mt. The foundation for coal supply during the peak winter period is solid and reliable, with market operations stable and orderly. Oil and gas side. Refined oil products side. In 2025, the refined oil market demand remained generally weak. According to industry monitoring, annual refined oil consumption was 378 million mt, down 2.9% YoY; refined oil production was 414 million mt, down 2.4% YoY. Overall, the domestic refined oil market has ample supply and stable inventory, maintaining a supply-demand balance in the petroleum market during the peak winter period. Natural gas side. Since the start of the heating season, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and the National Energy Administration have jointly initiated a daily reporting system and weekly meeting mechanism for natural gas supply security. They issued the "Notice on Strengthening Natural Gas Supply in Key Areas to Ensure the Public Stays Warm in Winter," providing further detailed arrangements for issues such as gas source guarantees for rural coal-to-gas conversion projects and coordination between gas and electricity. As of January 27, cumulative natural gas consumption during the national heating season reached 119.52 billion m³, up 4.6% YoY. Domestic gas production and imported pipeline gas operated steadily at relatively high levels, with sufficient regulation capacity from underground gas storage and coastal LNG receiving terminals, ensuring natural gas supply during the peak winter period. Currently, we are in a critical period of the peak winter season, especially with the upcoming Chinese New Year holiday. The National Energy Administration will work together with relevant provinces, regions, and energy enterprises to continuously strengthen monitoring, early warning, and coordination, and enhance preparedness for extreme weather conditions such as low temperatures, snow, and freezing. This will ensure stable and orderly national energy supply security, providing strong support for the public to stay warm during the winter and enjoy a peaceful holiday season. Thank you everyone! [Deputy Director General Zhang Xing, Comprehensive Affairs Department] Thank you Deputy Director General Liu Mingyang. Next, Deputy Director General Bian Guangqi from the Energy Conservation and Technology Equipment Department will introduce the development of new-type energy storage in 2025. [Deputy Director General Bian Guangqi, Energy Conservation and Technology Equipment Department] Good morning, friends from the media. I will now brief you on the development of new-type energy storage in 2025. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to the development of new-type energy storage. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee explicitly called for "vigorously developing new-type energy storage." The National Energy Administration has thoroughly implemented the decisions and deployments of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, making coordinated plans and taking multiple measures to achieve solid results in advancing new-type energy storage, providing strong support for building a new energy system and a new power system. New-type energy storage installations increased by 84% compared to the end of 2024. By the end of 2025, the scale of operational new-type energy storage installations nationwide reached 136 million kW/351 million kWh, a more than 40-fold increase compared to the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan period, representing leapfrog development. The average energy storage duration was 2.58 hours, an increase of 0.30 hours from the end of 2024. By region, north China had the largest share of installations. Operational new-type energy storage installations in north China accounted for 32.5% of the national total, north-west China for 28.2%, east China for 14.4%, south China for 13.1%, central China for 11.1%, and north-east China for 0.7%. Over the past year, north China and north-west China were the main growth areas for new-type energy storage, with new installations of 21.88 million kW and 19.66 million kW, accounting for 35.2% and 31.6% of the national new installations, respectively. By province, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and others developed rapidly. Driven by multiple factors including steady growth in electricity demand, rapid development of new energy, and strong policy support, provinces such as Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Yunnan, Hebei, and Shandong saw rapid development of new-type energy storage, with new installations of 10.23 million kW, 10.03 million kW, 6.13 million kW, 5.69 million kW, and 4.04 million kW, respectively. The top three provinces by cumulative installation scale were: Inner Mongolia (20.26 million kW), Xinjiang (18.8 million kW), and Shandong (11.21 million kW). Eight provinces, including Hebei, Jiangsu, Ningxia, Yunnan, Gansu, Zhejiang, and Henan, had installation scales exceeding 5 million kW. In terms of single-station scale, the trend towards larger projects exceeding 100,000 kW is evident. By the end of 2025, projects of 100,000 kW and above accounted for 72% of the total installation scale, an increase of about 10 percentage points from the end of 2024; projects with a duration of 4 hours and above gradually increased, accounting for 27.6% of the total installation scale, an increase of about 12 percentage points from the end of 2024. From the application scenario perspective, standalone ESS share increased. In 2025, new installations of standalone ESS reached 35.43 million kW, with cumulative installed capacity share at 51.2%, up approximately 5 percentage points from year-end 2024. By technology route, lithium-ion battery ESS still dominated, accounting for 96.1% of installations, while compressed air ESS, flow battery ESS, flywheel ESS, etc., together accounted for 3.9%. Meanwhile, utilization of new-type energy storage further improved. Preliminary statistics show that in 2025, national new-type ESS equivalent utilization hours reached 1,195 hours, up nearly 300 hours from 2024. Among them, equivalent utilization hours of new-type ESS in State Grid and China Southern Power Grid operating areas were 1,175 hours and 1,294 hours, respectively. The flexible regulation capability of new-type ESS has become increasingly prominent, playing a growing role in promoting new energy integration, improving power system security, stability, and supply reliability. Next, the National Energy Administration will thoroughly implement the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee, scientifically formulate the 15th Five-Year Plan implementation plan for new-type energy storage development, improve the policy management system for new-type energy storage, continuously deepen technological and industrial innovation, vigorously promote high-quality development of new-type energy storage, and strongly support the construction of new-type energy systems and new-type power systems. Thank you! [Comprehensive Department Deputy Director Zhang Xing] Thank you, Deputy Director Bian Guangqi. Next, Deputy Director Wang Yunbo from the Market Regulation Department will introduce the effectiveness of national electricity market trading in 2025. [Market Regulation Department Deputy Director Wang Yunbo] Hello, media friends! In 2025, the National Energy Administration resolutely implemented the decisions and deployments of the Central Committee and the State Council, actively promoted the construction of a national unified electricity market in coordination with the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), effectively facilitated optimal allocation of electricity resources, and balanced security of supply, green transition, and price stability. National electricity market trading volume hit a new high in 2025, with cumulative trading volume reaching 664 million kWh, up 7.4% YoY. Three main features emerged. First, the share of market-based trading volume continued to rise, accounting for 64.0% of total electricity consumption, up 1.3 percentage points YoY, meaning "for every three kWh of total electricity consumed, two kWh were traded through the market." This was mainly due to near-full coverage of provincial spot markets, continuous operation of medium- and long-term electricity markets, and increasingly flexible and efficient market trading mechanisms. New energy fully participated in the market, the number of registered market entities in trading centers expanded steadily, exceeding 1 million, and market activity continued to climb. Second, cross-provincial and cross-regional electricity transaction volume continued to grow, reaching 1.59 trillion kWh, a record high, up 11.6% YoY, 4.2 percentage points higher than the average growth rate of national market transaction volume. The southern regional power market commenced continuous settlement operations, and the power market in the Yangtze River Delta, as well as inter-provincial power mutual assistance trading mechanisms in the Northeast, Northwest, and Central China regions, were continuously improved. During the summer peak period, cross-regional transmission channels in the "Three Norths" region operated at full capacity, and the inter-provincial spot market supported power supply guarantees in more than 20 provinces including Sichuan and Chongqing, facilitating the smooth "large-scale circulation" of power resources. Third, green electricity transaction volume surged, reaching 328.5 billion kWh, up 38.3% YoY, 18 times the scale of 2022. The transaction volume of multi-year green electricity PPAs reached 60 billion kWh. The cross-operating-area regular trading mechanism enabled users in the Greater Bay Area to use green electricity from Inner Mongolia for the first time, and users in the Yangtze River Delta to introduce green electricity from Guangxi, further meeting enterprises' green energy needs and supporting the green and low-carbon transformation of the industrial structure. The nationally unified power market system provided important support for advancing the construction of the new-type power system and socio-economic development, playing four key roles: First, it served as a "configurator" for optimizing cross-regional resources. The abundant clean energy in the west and sufficient thermal power resources in the north could precisely meet the electricity demand of load centers in the eastern coastal and southern regions, effectively alleviating the coexistence of "stranded power" and "power shortages" in different areas. For example, in 2025, the Fujian-Guangdong DC link operated at full power throughout all periods, the southern region provided power support to Shanghai, Zhejiang, and Anhui for the first time, the maximum actual transmission power of national cross-regional channels reached 151 million kW, and cross-power grid operating area transaction volume reached 3.4 billion kWh. Second, it acted as a "stabilizer" for power security and supply. The power spot market played a critical role, forming a new pattern of bidirectional interaction between the power supply side and the load side, as well as collaborative supply guarantee through "high prices during peak hours, low prices during off-peak hours" price signals, providing a solid foundation for ensuring power security during peak summer and winter periods. For example, on the days when power loads hit record highs in Shandong, Guangdong, Anhui, and other places in 2025, the "high prices during peak hours" in the spot market incentivized generators to proactively strengthen equipment operation and maintenance guarantees, reducing generator forced outage rates and derating rates to "double zeros." Third, it functioned as a "booster" for the green energy transition. Spot and medium- and long-term market price signals reflected the supply-demand relationship of electricity in different periods and regions, allowing the environmental value of new energy during periods of ample power supply and its supply guarantee value during peak periods to be fully realized; the ancillary services market further improved the value realization mechanism for regulation resources, incentivizing their active participation in system regulation. For example, in 2025, 4.46 million industrial and commercial users in Shandong responded to market prices for "peak shaving and valley filling," shifting 2.25 million kW of evening peak electricity load and increasing 5.83 million kW of midday new energy accommodation space. Fourth, it serves as an "accelerator" for real economic development. In recent years, as power supply and demand have been relatively balanced and primary energy prices have declined, market trading prices gradually decreased and were passed on to the user side. Diversified entities such as industrial and commercial users, distributed new energy, new-type energy storage, virtual power plants, and EV charging facilities accelerated their entry into the market, sharing the benefits of reform and development. Thank you! [Zhang Xing, Deputy Director-General of the General Department] Thank you, Deputy Director-General Wang Yunbo. We will now begin the Q&A session. Journalists, please ask your questions based on today's press conference content. When posing a question, please first state the news organization you represent. [Journalist] Recently, the "Basic Rules for the Medium and Long-Term Electricity Market" were issued, marking the first comprehensive update since the 2020 version. What were the special considerations behind introducing the new rules? How will they impact the construction of the new-type power system and the development of a nationwide unified market? [Wang Yunbo, Deputy Director-General of the Market Regulation Department] Thank you for your question. Since the implementation of the new round of power system reform, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and the National Energy Administration formulated and revised the "Basic Rules for Medium and Long-Term Electricity Trading" in 2016 and 2020, respectively, laying a solid foundation for the healthy development and standardized operation of China's electricity market. In 2025, medium and long-term trading electricity accounted for over 95% of the total market trading volume, fully playing the role of a "stabilizer" in the electricity market. In recent years, the construction of the new-type power system and the electricity market has continued to deepen, leading to many "new changes" in market fundamentals. On one hand, the state has introduced a series of "new policies," including the full liberalization of generation and consumption plans, power grid enterprises acting as purchasing agents, capacity pricing for coal-fired power generation, full integration of new energy into the market, and comprehensive coverage of the spot market. On the other hand, "new business models" have emerged in the market, with rapid growth in green electricity trading scale and accelerated market entry of new entities such as new-type energy storage, distributed power sources, and virtual power plants. To better adapt to these "new changes, new policies, and new business models," we revised the 2020 version of the "Basic Rules for Medium and Long-Term Electricity Trading" to form the 2025 version of the "new rules," thereby further advancing the construction of a nationwide unified electricity market, standardizing medium and long-term electricity market trading behaviors, and legally protecting the legitimate rights and interests of market entities. This revision plays a significant role in building a nationwide unified market and serving the construction of the new-type power system. In advancing the construction of a nationally unified market, the foundational rule system has been further improved. The relevant content of the "Green Power Trading Chapter" has been consolidated and integrated into sections such as trading varieties and trading organization. Meanwhile, content already specified in other basic rules, such as market registration, information disclosure, and metering settlement, has been coordinated and streamlined, strengthening the overall coordination and linkage of the "1+6" foundational rule system for the electricity market. Mechanism innovations, including regular cross-regional power grid operations and flexible inter-provincial mutual support transactions within regions, have been incorporated into this revision, aiming to enhance the optimal allocation capability of power resources nationwide. In serving the construction of a new-type power system, the revision adapts to objective needs such as high penetration of new energy integration and participation of new-type market entities in trading, further improving market stability, flexibility, and foresight. Regarding "stability," it promotes extending the trading cycle to "longer" durations, encourages multi-year transactions, and strengthens the "ballast" role of medium and long-term trading. Regarding "flexibility," it promotes extending the trading cycle to "shorter" durations, deepens continuous medium and long-term operations, further increases trading frequency, promotes daily continuous trading, enhances the flexibility of the medium and long-term market, and fosters coordination and linkage with the spot market. Regarding "foresight," it adds forward-looking clauses such as participation of new-type market entities in medium and long-term trading. That concludes my response, thank you! [Reporter] We note that investment in China's energy sector maintained rapid growth in 2025. Could you elaborate on the specific investment situation and key characteristics observed nationally in 2025? [Deputy Director General of the Development Planning Department, Xing Yiteng] Thank you for your question. In 2025, national energy investment maintained rapid growth. The completed investment in key annual projects exceeded 3.5 trillion yuan for the first time, up nearly 11% YoY. The growth rate was 12.9 and 10.1 percentage points higher than that of infrastructure and manufacturing investment during the same period, respectively. Among them, five provinces (autonomous regions) – Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Shandong, Guangdong, and Jiangsu – each recorded completed investment exceeding 200 billion yuan. Overall, energy investment exhibited three main characteristics. First, investment in new formats driving the green energy transition accelerated. National new wind and PV installations exceeded 430 million kW, and the cumulative installed capacity surpassed 1.8 billion kW. Within this, investment in onshore wind power showed good growth momentum, with completed investment in key projects up nearly 50% YoY. New-type energy storage and the hydrogen energy industry continued to unleash new growth vitality, with completed investment in key projects doubling compared to the previous year. Second, effective investment in key areas ensuring energy security continued to expand. Investment in coal power and conventional hydropower showed good growth trends. Projects involving new and under-construction cascade hydropower clusters in the major river basins of Southwest China progressed orderly, continuously increasing physical workload. Investment in areas such as the power grid maintained steady growth, with accelerated construction of inter-provincial and inter-regional power transmission channels, continuously enhancing the level of complementary and mutual support of energy resources. Third, investment by private enterprises in the energy sector maintained rapid growth. The completed investment in key projects by private enterprises increased by 12.9% YoY, about 2 percentage points higher than the growth rate of completed investment in national energy key projects. Private enterprise investment focused on solar power generation, wind power, coal mining, and other fields, with investment in onshore wind power and distributed PV maintaining double-digit growth. Thank you. [Reporter] We have noted that in 2025, many regions cleared out a large number of electricity retail entities, and in 2026, local electricity trading schemes strengthened regulations and constraints on electricity retail companies across multiple dimensions. What is the current development status of China's electricity retail market? What are the new considerations for the high-quality development of the electricity retail market in the next steps? [Wang Yunbo, Deputy Director of the Market Regulation Department] Thank you for your question and for your concern regarding China's electricity market development. Since the launch of the new round of power system reform in 2015, which initiated the reform on the electricity retail side, the construction of the retail market has been steadily advancing, and the functions and roles of electricity retail companies have been continuously leveraged. Electricity retail companies serve as the bridge connecting the wholesale and retail markets; simply put, establishing an electricity retail company is like opening a "power store." These "stores" purchase electricity in bulk from power plants and then retail it to small and medium-sized industrial and commercial users. Therefore, the retail market acts both as a "firewall" and "convenience store" for end-users to participate in the market, and as a core link in guiding user resource response and enhancing the flexibility of electricity consumption on the load side. Currently, purchasing electricity through retail companies has become the primary method for small and medium-sized users to buy electricity in the market. By the end of 2025, there were 5,288 registered electricity retail companies nationwide, representing over 700,000 electricity users in market transactions, with retail transaction volume accounting for 60% of the market-based transaction volume. Regarding the "clearance of a large number of electricity retail entities in many regions," according to the relevant provisions of the "Electricity Retail Company Management Measures," "if an electricity retail company does not conduct actual transactions for 12 consecutive months, its trading qualification is suspended," and it also stipulates that "if no electricity retail business is conducted in any administrative region for three consecutive years, compulsory exit procedures are initiated." Therefore, relevant units must dynamically manage whether electricity retail companies continue to meet the registration conditions in accordance with the regulations. In 2026, we will further standardize the electricity retail market. First, in terms of institutions, "establishing new rules" to improve the system of rules and regulations. We will promptly revise the "Electricity Retail Company Management Measures," research and introduce the "Basic Rules for the Electricity Retail Market," standardize the rights, responsibilities, and obligations of electricity retail companies, and refine the compliance and self-discipline operation requirements for these companies. Continuously improve retail market design, strengthen the connection between wholesale and retail markets, and enhance information disclosure in the retail market, accelerating the cultivation of retail market awareness. Second, operate the "strong new order," improving risk prevention and control mechanisms. Enhance the management mechanism for compliance risk prevention and control, and strengthen the monitoring of retail market operations. Promote the transformation of electricity retail companies from "price spread arbitrage" to "value-added services." Third, manage the "establish new system," strengthen collaborative supervision and management, and promote the construction of a collaborative governance system for the retail market, jointly creating a fair competition order in the retail market. That's all for my answer, thank you! [Reporter] The development of China's green electricity certificates in 2025 has attracted high market attention. Looking back over the past year, what characteristics have emerged in terms of the trading scale, average trading price, and types of enterprises purchasing green certificates in China? How will China enhance the international influence of its green certificates in the future? What is the status of the compilation of the "Implementation Measures for the Minimum Proportion Target of Renewable Energy Consumption and the Renewable Energy Electricity Consumption Responsibility Weight System"? Which key energy-consuming industries are expected to be subject to the minimum proportion target requirements for renewable energy electricity consumption in the next step? [Vice Director Zhang Xing of the Comprehensive Department] Thank you for the question. Two aspects were mentioned just now, first regarding green certificates. In 2025, China's green certificate industry achieved leapfrog development, injecting strong momentum into the quality improvement and upgrading of renewable energy. We continuously improved the top-level design of the green certificate market, establishing and enhancing a green certificate consumption mechanism that combines mandatory and voluntary approaches. In March 2025, the "Opinions on Promoting the High-Quality Development of the Green Certificate Market" was issued, proposing specific measures in terms of market supply, consumer demand, trading mechanisms, application scenarios, and international recognition. In July of the same year, the "Notice on the Renewable Energy Electricity Consumption Responsibility Weight and Related Matters for 2025" was issued, specifying green electricity consumption proportion requirements for steel, cement, polysilicon, and new data centers at national hub nodes, based on the foundation of aluminum, with verification using green certificates. As the green certificate system continues to improve, China's green certificate market has shown a positive trend of increasing volume and price. First, the trading scale has continued to expand. In 2025, the cumulative national green certificate trading volume reached 930 million, up 1.2 times YoY, with the annual trading volume exceeding the sum of all previous years. The number of consumer entities participating in green certificate trading nationwide reached 111,000, up 87.5% YoY. Among them, high-energy-consuming, export-oriented, and high-tech enterprises became the main consumers of green certificates; individuals purchased 7.24 million green certificates, six times the number in 2024. Second, the trading price stabilized and rebounded. Driven by both policy and market factors, the demand for green certificates continued to grow strongly. In H2 2025, the average trading price of China's green certificates was about 4.14 yuan per certificate, up 90% compared to H1. China's green electricity certificates have made significant progress in "going global." In May 2025, RE100 unconditionally recognized China's green certificates, and in November, Chinese green certificates made their debut at COP30, receiving positive feedback. Next, we will continue to strengthen international cooperation and exchange on green certificates. We will accelerate the establishment of a standard system for green certificates and green electricity consumption, promote the internationalization of Chinese standards, and facilitate the deep integration of Chinese green certificates with mainstream international certification systems. By leveraging bilateral and multilateral intergovernmental dialogue mechanisms, we will promote the exchange and alignment of carbon-related rules and green certificate regulations, continuously conduct international promotion of green certificates, and share China's green certificate story with the world. Regarding your second question, which concerns the minimum renewable energy consumption ratio target for key energy-consuming industries, this has been a recent focus of our work. To implement the requirements of the Energy Law, our bureau has taken the lead in drafting the "Implementation Measures for the Minimum Renewable Energy Consumption Ratio Target and the Renewable Energy Electricity Consumption Responsibility Weight System." Based on summarizing practical experience and considering the new developments and situation of renewable energy, we have further improved the renewable energy electricity consumption responsibility weight system. At the same time, we have clarified the minimum renewable energy electricity consumption and non-electricity consumption ratio targets for key energy-consuming industries and, taking into account industry development conditions, reasonably set a transition period for assessment. Currently, the "Measures" are undergoing relevant procedures and are expected to be issued soon. In line with national energy conservation and carbon reduction policies, we will fully solicit opinions from relevant industry authorities and actively and orderly expand the assessment scope for key energy-consuming industries. Thank you! [Reporter] In 2025, the National Energy Administration issued a series of policy documents to promote the high-quality development of the energy industry, which have attracted widespread public attention. How do these policies boost investment? What further measures will be introduced? [Xing Yiteng, Deputy Director General of the Development Planning Department] Thank you for your question. In 2025, the National Energy Administration implemented the strategic deployment of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee on building a strong energy nation and a new-type energy system. We increased policy supply, strengthened policy coordination, promoted the green transformation of energy, and directed investment toward new energy, continuously stimulating the vitality of high-quality energy development and enhancing the momentum for economic and social development. This has laid a solid foundation for the successful conclusion of the "14th Five-Year Plan" and a good start for the "15th Five-Year Plan." First, we coordinated efforts on both supply and demand sides to explore new spaces for green development. On the supply side, we deepened market-oriented reforms for new energy on-grid tariffs, advancing new energy into a new stage of market-driven development. Twenty-eight provinces completed their first round of bidding, with the national average guaranteed tariff for new energy incremental projects at 0.33 yuan/kWh and an average guarantee period of 12 years. Promoting the large-scale, high-quality development of solar thermal power generation, aiming for an installed capacity of around 150 million kW by 2030, is expected to drive approximately 170 billion yuan in new investment. Conducting industrialisation pilots for green liquid fuels, with already operational projects having spurred a total investment of about 23 billion yuan. Demand side, introducing a green electricity direct connection policy to launch a "green electricity express" for new energy and users, over 20 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities have accelerated project implementation in data centers, chip manufacturing, biopharmaceuticals, the aluminum industry, industrial parks, and zero-carbon parks. Establishing a green energy consumption system driven by both "responsibility constraints" and "market incentives," supporting non-electric uses of renewable energy such as green electricity for hydrogen, ammonia, and alcohol production, expanding application scenarios for green electricity certificates, and stimulating green electricity demand across society to ensure green electricity is both generated and utilized effectively. Second, vigorously developing new energy technologies and scenarios to create new growth points. Setting up "charging piles," deeply implementing the "three-year doubling" action for EV charging facility service capacity, aiming to build 28 million charging facilities by the end of 2027, expected to boost investment by over 200 billion yuan. Upgrading "power banks," carrying out high-quality development actions for the new-type energy storage manufacturing industry and optimizing the power system regulation capacity, targeting a national new-type energy storage installation scale of over 180 million kW by 2027, which will drive investment of about 250 billion yuan. Setting up "routers," accelerating the development of virtual power plants, deeply tapping the potential of various regulation resources, aggregating distributed power supplies, adjustable loads, ESS, and other distributed resources to participate in market transactions, and broadening revenue channels. Third, systematically reshaping the new energy transition ecosystem to cultivate new momentum. Issuing guidelines to promote high-quality development of the power grid, driving the transformation of the power grid from transmission channels to resource optimization platforms, and boosting innovation in the industry chain and models. Releasing guidelines for the integrated and synergistic development of new energy, encouraging complementary multi-energy integrated development and integrated synergistic development of upstream and downstream energy industries, to help industrial integration create greater value. Introducing guidelines to promote new energy consumption and regulation, encouraging the development of various new energy consumption scenarios. Gathering intelligence and empowering, vigorously cultivating eight application scenarios including "AI+" power grid and new energy, driving the vigorous development of new energy infrastructure such as smart microgrids and the Energy Internet of Things. Fourth, focusing on breaking down institutional barriers to create a new investment environment. Issuing ten measures to promote the development of the private economy, removing entry barriers, and supporting various capitals in participating in projects such as nuclear power, oil and gas reserves, and new-type energy storage. Improving the "1+6" rule system of the national unified electricity market to create a fair competitive market environment. Issuing management measures for the licensing of power facility installation (repair, testing), simplifying approval processes, and reducing electricity access costs for small and micro enterprises. Regulate the fair opening of oil and gas pipeline network facilities to ensure that various types of capital can not only "enter" but also "integrate well." In 2026, the National Energy Administration will enhance policy support in areas such as stimulating market vitality and optimizing the development environment to overcome the "last mile" challenges in project implementation. On one hand, policies will be targeted to make returns visible. Introduce multi-user green electricity direct connection policies, accelerate the implementation of zero-carbon parks and industrial microgrids, and promote clean energy substitution for major energy consumers. Improve market mechanisms adapted to a high proportion of new energy to stabilize development expectations. On the other hand, strengthen the institutional guarantee system to keep projects operational. Enhance factor guarantees such as land and sea use, forming an energy investment orientation where policies and markets work in synergy. Expand the "zero investment" service scope for low-voltage power applications, implement the "three-province" service model, and achieve integrated handling of water, electricity, and gas services with a "single window" for electricity-related approvals. Thank you! [Reporter] Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and the National Energy Administration jointly issued the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the High-Quality Development of the Power Grid." The 15th Five-Year Plan proposal also explicitly calls for accelerating the construction of smart grids and microgrids. What is the current status of power grid construction at all levels in China, and what specific considerations are there for future development? [Liu Mingyang, Deputy Director of the Electricity Department] Thank you for your question. Under the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council, China's power grid adheres to the principle of "coordinated national planning," implementing unified planning and dispatch, and has built the world's largest and most technologically complex AC-DC hybrid power grid. It has three key characteristics. First, the capability for large-scale resource allocation continues to improve. We have cumulatively built and put into operation 45 UHV transmission channels, comprising "24 DC and 21 AC lines," forming a "power highway" that spans east-west and north-south. Currently, the power transmission capacity of the "West-East Power Transmission" project has reached 340 million kW, significantly optimizing power resource allocation nationwide. Second, the safety and supply guarantee capability has withstood severe tests. The main grid framework of UHV (EHV) regional power grids has been continuously improved, while the power supply guarantee capability and comprehensive carrying capacity of distribution networks have been steadily enhanced. This has effectively supported an average annual increase of 80 million kW in power load demand in China, ensuring the safe and reliable supply of electricity equivalent to the combined total of the US, EU, and Japan, with no large-scale power outages occurring for many consecutive years. Third, significant progress has been made in promoting the green and low-carbon transition of energy. China's power grid has become the world's largest platform for integrating new energy, strongly supporting the connection and efficient utilization of over 1.8 billion kW of new energy nationwide. This has helped raise the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption in China to over 20% in 2025. As the proportion of new energy installations rapidly increases and the continuous development of the new-type power system, the future power system will exhibit characteristics such as high new energy penetration rate, high power electronics, and high supply-demand randomness, presenting higher complexity and randomness, posing new requirements for power grid development. To implement the requirements of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on accelerating the construction of a new-type power system, smart grids, and microgrids, recently, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and the National Energy Administration jointly issued the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting High-Quality Development of the Power Grid," proposing to initially establish a new-type power grid platform by 2030, with the main grid and distribution network as important foundations and smart microgrids as a beneficial supplement. Next, we will focus on building a new pattern of coordinated development between the main, distribution, and microgrids, adhering to unified planning and integrated advancement, ensuring that the "major arteries," "capillaries," and "microcirculation" of the power grid each perform their functions efficiently and in coordination. The main grid will emphasize "strengthening the framework, ensuring safety, and facilitating circulation," continuing to play the role of a "ballast stone" in power supply and the "main artery" in resource allocation, consolidating the fundamental security of power supply, and laying the physical foundation for a unified national electricity market, supporting the wide-area allocation of clean energy resources. The distribution network will focus on "strengthening the foundation, enhancing capabilities, and promoting interaction," reinforcing its full coupling with the main grid, accommodating diversified sources and loads for open access and two-way interaction, supporting the reasonable development of distributed new energy, and comprehensively enhancing power supply assurance. Smart microgrids will concentrate on "promoting consumption, improving reliability, and expanding scenarios," serving as carriers of a new form of self-balancing and self-regulating power, supporting the connection of multiple entities, integrating into end-user green energy usage scenarios, promoting the local development and consumption of new energy, and enhancing the power supply reliability in remote areas and at the ends of the grid. Meanwhile, we will promote the moderately advanced construction of the power grid, strengthen the guarantee of major project elements, accelerate preliminary work on projects, and further increase investment in power grid projects at all levels, contributing to the construction of a new energy system and the modernization of China. Thank you! [Journalist] By 2030, China aims to have initially established a new energy system, with non-fossil energy accounting for 25% of total energy consumption, and new energy generation capacity exceeding 50%, becoming the main body of power generation. How will this specific goal be achieved? What is the current progress of the 14th Five-Year Plan for energy, and when is it expected to be released? [Deputy Director Xing Yiteng of the Department of Development Planning] Thank you for your question. I understand that your question mainly focuses on two aspects: one is the implementation path for the targets of non-fossil energy consumption ratio and new energy generation capacity ratio; the other is the progress of the 14th Five-Year Plan for energy. Next, I will provide a brief introduction to each topic. Regarding the first issue, achieving the target of a 25% share of non-fossil energy consumption. The proportion of non-fossil energy consumption is a key indicator of the nationally determined contribution targets, aiming for 25% by 2030 and over 30% by 2035. During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, we will work on both the supply and demand sides to steadily increase the share of non-fossil energy consumption. On the supply side, we will promote the simultaneous development of wind, solar, hydro, and nuclear power, ensure the stable growth of wind and PV power generation, maintain an average annual increase of 200 million kW, advance the integration of hydro, wind, and solar energy, and pursue the safe and orderly development of nuclear power. On the demand side, we will vigorously promote energy conservation and carbon reduction in key sectors such as industry, construction, and transportation, expand the use of green electricity, increase the electrification level of end-use energy, and, according to local conditions, expand the non-electric utilization of renewable energy sources like biomass and geothermal energy. We will also improve the green consumption system and continuously enhance the green and low-carbon level of energy consumption. Regarding achieving the target of new energy installed capacity exceeding 50%. We will focus on the following tasks, which can be summarized as the "Four Diversifications" initiatives. First, diversification of supply. We will accelerate the construction of new energy bases in desert-Gobi-wasteland areas, actively promote the planning and construction of integrated hydro, wind, and solar energy bases, increase the development of offshore wind power, and encourage multi-scenario and diversified development of distributed new energy to further expand the supply of new energy. Second, industrial integration. We will coordinate the synergistic optimization and upgrading of new energy and traditional industries, and promote the integrated and mutually reinforcing development of new energy with strategic emerging industries such as computing power and green hydrogen. Third, expansion of non-electric applications. We will actively expand the non-electric utilization of new energy, focusing on diverse conversion and local use, such as hydrogen, ammonia, and alcohol production from wind and solar power, as well as heating applications. Fourth, coordinated consumption. We will implement the minimum consumption target for renewable energy, reinforce the responsibility of key energy-consuming industries for green electricity consumption, improve the green electricity certificate trading mechanism, strengthen the coordination among electricity, carbon, and certificate markets, actively promote international mutual recognition of green certificates, reasonably reflect the environmental value of green electricity, and comprehensively enhance the level of new energy consumption. Regarding the progress of the 15th Five-Year Plan for energy, which you are concerned about. According to the work plan, over the past year, we have organized in-depth research on major issues related to the 15th Five-Year Plan for energy, solicited opinions and suggestions from relevant departments, local governments, enterprises, and experts, and conducted thorough demonstrations of the plan’s goals and tasks. We have already formulated a new-type energy system plan, as well as five sub-sector energy plans, including those for electricity and renewable energy. The next step will involve continuously refining the energy plan, ensuring its alignment with national economic and social development plans and other sectoral plans. After completing the relevant procedures, the plan is expected to be released in H1 of this year. My response ends here, thank you all! [Reporter] The 15th Five-Year Plan proposes to promote industries including hydrogen energy as new economic growth points in the forward-looking layout of future industries. Could you please introduce the work situation of the National Energy Administration in promoting the development of hydrogen energy? [Deputy Director Bian Guangqi of the Department of Energy Conservation and Science & Technology Equipment] Thank you for the question from this journalist friend. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee listed hydrogen energy as an important direction for future industries, clearly requiring that it should be promoted to become a new economic growth point. As an important part of the future national energy system, hydrogen energy plays a significant role in the construction of new power systems and new energy systems, which will strongly promote the development and consumption of new energy, and help achieve the "dual carbon" goals. At the same time, the hydrogen energy industry, with its high technological content, long industrial chain, and multiple involved links, will comprehensively drive industrial innovation, expand domestic demand, foster talent, and enhance international cooperation during its development. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, we mainly carried out the following work in promoting the development of hydrogen energy: First, we promoted high-quality industry development through "planning leadership." The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and the National Energy Administration led the establishment of an inter-ministerial coordination mechanism for the development of the hydrogen energy industry, researched and formulated the Medium and Long-Term Plan for Hydrogen Energy Industry Development (2021-2035), comprehensively enhancing the innovative capability of the hydrogen energy industry, compiled the China Hydrogen Energy Development Report, guided industry consensus, and promoted the healthy and orderly development of the industry. Second, we advanced innovative integration through "project pilots." We deepened the integration of technological and industrial innovation in the hydrogen energy sector, selected 41 projects and 9 regions to carry out pilot work in the energy field, promoting the coordinated development of the entire "production, storage, transportation, and utilization" chain of hydrogen energy. We continued to implement the key special project "Hydrogen Energy Technology" under the National Key R&D Program, actively planned the layout of energy science and technology innovation and major national science and technology projects for the 15th Five-Year Plan, cumulatively released five batches totaling 27 items of first (set) technical equipment lists in the hydrogen energy field, and promoted the application and promotion of the first (set) equipment. Third, we strengthened the foundation of the system through "standard construction." We continuously promoted the construction and operation of the national hydrogen energy information platform, laying a solid foundation for hydrogen energy information statistics. We established a standardization technical committee for the hydrogen energy sector in the energy industry, strengthened the construction of the hydrogen energy standard system, promoted the formulation of industry standards such as the Clean and Low-Carbon Hydrogen Evaluation Standard, and cooperated in releasing the methodology for renewable energy electrolysis water hydrogen production, further playing the foundational and leading role of standards. With the joint efforts of the industry, the hydrogen energy industry gradually achieved an orderly breakthrough during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. By the end of 2025, China's cumulative built capacity of renewable energy hydrogen production projects exceeded 250,000 mt/year, doubling the previous year's figure. The projects in Kuqa, Xinjiang; Ningdong, Ningxia; Chifeng, Inner Mongolia; Da'an and Songyuan, Jilin have been completed and put into operation, gradually integrating the hydrogen energy production-storage-transportation-application industrial chain. A number of major technological equipment have achieved new breakthroughs, laying a solid foundation for the development of the hydrogen energy industry. During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, the National Energy Administration will work closely with the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and other relevant departments to strengthen industrial planning guidance, increase policy support, enhance core technology research, promote hydrogen energy pilot projects, improve the standard certification system, deepen international exchanges and cooperation, and vigorously cultivate the future hydrogen energy industry, making positive contributions to accelerating the construction of a new-type energy system and building a strong energy nation. That concludes my response. Thank you! [Reporter] Recently, the National Energy Administration reported several violations, including collusive bidding by power generation enterprises. What regulatory measures will be taken in 2026 to prevent and investigate such behaviors? [Wang Yunbo, Deputy Director General of the Market Regulation Department] Thank you for your question. In 2025, the National Energy Administration adhered to the combination of an effective market and proactive government, deploying comprehensive regulation in the power sector and specialized regulation on prominent issues in the power market order. A number of illegal activities were identified and addressed, and five typical cases of power market violations were publicly reported, effectively serving as a warning and deterrent. In 2026, we will maintain a systematic approach, focusing on improving the power market regulatory system and continuously strengthening regulatory efforts to make our "toolkit" more comprehensive and regulatory measures more effective. First, improve the regulatory system. We will research and develop more comprehensive risk control documents to further leverage the "three lines of defense" in the power market, enhance the level of collaborative governance, and add an additional "safety lock" to the market. At the same time, we will introduce a series of easy-to-operate and replicable "regulatory guidelines," issue regulatory directives on abnormal behavior monitoring and handling in the power market, as well as power market information disclosure, to standardize regulatory benchmarks and reduce ambiguities. Second, continuously intensify market regulation. We will continue to conduct comprehensive regulation in the power sector, prioritizing the supervision of power market order. For behaviors that affect fair competition, we will promptly "draw the sword" to correct deviations and effectively maintain a fair market order. We will deepen the innovative application of digital and penetrating regulatory methods, continuously enhancing the predictability, accuracy, and effectiveness of regulation, making regulatory oversight more "sharp-eyed." Third, continuously strengthen the deterrent effect of regulatory enforcement. For identified violations, we will take serious actions through comprehensive measures such as administrative interviews and orders for rectification; for illegal activities discovered, administrative penalties will be imposed in accordance with the law to effectively uphold a fair and just market order. At the same time, we will strengthen the notification and public release of typical issues, using concrete cases to guide business entities in jointly fostering a fair competition market environment. That concludes my response, thank you! [Reporter] In November 2025, the National Energy Administration issued the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of New Energy," and at the 2026 National Energy Work Conference, it again emphasized "integrated development of new energy." How do you understand this concept? How can we further expand the new space for the coupled development of the coupling between new energy and industries? What new development opportunities will this bring to new energy and its related industries? [Liu Mingyang, Deputy Director of the Electricity Department] Thank you for your question. In recent years, China's new energy has achieved large-scale, high-level development and historic accomplishments, though it also faces new issues and challenges. For example, the power system's real-time balancing and absorption capacity for large-scale fluctuating new energy needs to be strengthened; the coordination requirements between new energy development and land, forestry, grassland, marine, and ecological aspects are higher; and the models and market mechanisms for the integration of new energy with different industries need further exploration and improvement. In response to these challenges, we proposed the concept of "integrated development of new energy," with the key lying in "integration." This means that the development of new energy should no longer follow the old path of "going it alone." Instead, as a key component of the new-type energy system, it should deeply integrate with the power supply, energy storage systems (ESS), power grid, and the production and consumption of various industries. This involves achieving "horizontal" integration through the combined development of new energy and other energy sources, "vertical" integration by linking new energy production and consumption hand-in-hand, and "upstream-downstream" integration within the new energy industry chain to "produce green with green." This represents not only technical synergy and optimization but also an upgrade in development philosophy. It will reduce new energy's reliance on sole absorption by the system, effectively enhance the autonomy of new energy development, and strengthen its market competitiveness. Regarding expanding the space for the coupling development of new energy and industries, the key is to use "new energy plus" to create new energy production and consumption models. We will actively promote development models that feature multi-variety complementarity and spatially intensive utilization of new energy, enabling new energy to penetrate buildings, transportation facilities, and rural revitalization efforts, thereby creating diversified development scenarios such as building-integrated photovoltaics (PV), transport-energy integration, and rural energy revolution. We will fully leverage models like direct green electricity connections to guide high-energy-consumption industries such as steel, petrochemicals, chemicals, and computing facilities to build new energy power generation projects based on local conditions, achieving green and low-carbon transformation while ensuring reliability. We will promote industries like aluminum electrolysis, water electrolysis for hydrogen production, machinery, and automobiles to fully utilize their flexible adjustment capabilities, reasonably arrange production and energy usage plans, and adapt to the variability of new energy power generation. Beyond power generation utilization, the focus is on expanding the diversified development and substitution of renewable energy in areas such as fuels, raw materials, and heating/cooling, forming new models and business formats like comprehensive green hydrogen-ammonia-methanol industrial bases and integrated PV-solar thermal heating systems. This will bring new development opportunities for new energy and its related industries. On one hand, it continuously injects new momentum into the new energy industry itself, guiding and driving the construction of projects such as new energy bases in desert-Gobi-wasteland areas, new-type integrated hydro-wind-solar energy bases, offshore wind power clusters, PV and wind power in mining areas, and smart microgrids. On the other hand, it creates broad markets and new growth points for related industries such as new-type energy storage, hydrogen energy production-storage-transportation-utilization, and new energy heavy-duty trucks, promoting the formation of a new green growth model where new energy development drives the common development of multiple industries. Thank you! This will bring new development opportunities for new energy and its related industries. On one hand, it continuously injects new momentum into the new energy industry itself, guiding and driving the construction of projects such as new energy bases in desert-Gobi-wasteland areas, new-type integrated hydro-wind-solar energy bases, offshore wind power clusters, PV and wind power in mining areas, and smart microgrids. On the other hand, it creates broad markets and new growth points for related industries such as new-type energy storage, hydrogen energy production-storage-transportation-utilization, and new energy heavy-duty trucks, promoting the formation of a new green growth model where new energy development drives the common development of multiple industries. Thank you!

On January 21, 2026, the State Council Information Office held a press conference where Vice Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Zhang Yunming and spokesperson Tao Qing introduced the achievements in industrial and information technology development in 2025 and answered questions. The key points are as follows: I. Overall Achievements: Four Key Features—Stability, Progress, Innovation, and Vitality Stability : The value-added of industrial enterprises above the designated size increased by 5.9% YoY, with the manufacturing scale ranking first globally for 16 consecutive years; telecommunications service volume grew by 9.1%, and the industrial and information technology sector contributed over 40% to economic growth. Progress : The value-added of equipment manufacturing and high-tech manufacturing increased by 9.2% and 9.4%, respectively; more than 35,000 basic-level smart factories were cumulatively established, and the number of national green factories exceeded 8,000. Innovation : The value-added of integrated circuits and electronic specialty materials increased by 26.7% and 23.9%, respectively; over 330 models of humanoid robots were developed, and the first phase of 6G technology testing resulted in more than 300 key technology reserves; NEV sales reached 16.49 million units, up 28.2% YoY. Vitality : 5G and gigabit optical networks were integrated into 91 out of 97 major categories of the national economy, while industrial internet covered 41 major industrial categories; the number of specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises exceeded 140,000, and high-tech enterprises reached 504,000. II. Progress in Key Areas and Next Steps (I) Green and Low-Carbon Industrial Development Progress : Energy-saving and carbon reduction transformations in traditional industries accelerated, with million-ton-level hydrogen metallurgy projects launched in Hebei and Guangdong, achieving an annual carbon reduction of over 50%; innovation capabilities in the energy-saving and environmental protection equipment industry improved, with over 1,000 technologies and equipment supported for promotion during the 14th Five-Year Plan period; integrated applications such as wind and solar power, energy storage, and hydrogen advanced, with the average utilization rate of renewable energy in green computing facilities exceeding 70%. Next Steps : Address challenges like flexible hydrogen production through technological breakthroughs; promote the large-scale adoption of technologies and equipment driven by application needs; improve standards in areas such as industrial green microgrids and clean, low-carbon hydrogen. (II) Humanoid Robots and Embodied AI Progress : Over 330 product models were developed, accelerating their transition to practical applications; innovation centers were established in Beijing and Shanghai, focusing on R&D of open-source general-purpose robots and operating systems; a standardization technical committee was formed, with participation from more than 70 organizations. Next Steps : Tackle key technologies such as large models and integrated joints; ensure quality, network, and data security; strengthen the ecosystem by enhancing fund support and building open-source communities. (III) New Materials Industry Progress : Innovation and industrial integration were promoted, with high-performance carbon fiber composites applied in subway car bodies; the first-batch new materials insurance compensation program was implemented, facilitating the market entry of products worth over 55 billion yuan; a system of five key platforms was established, and more than 500 standards were released. Next Steps : Leverage the strengths of the national system and market mechanisms, focus on areas such as advanced basic materials, and promote collaborative innovation across the entire chain, while strengthening policy and factor support. Full Text: Ministry of Industry and Information Technology: Main Targets and Tasks for Industrial and Informatization Development in 2025 Successfully Completed On January 21, 2026, the State Council Information Office held a press conference to introduce the achievements in industrial and informatization development in 2025. Zhang Yunming, Member of the Party Leadership Group and Vice Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, attended the press conference. Together with Tao Qing, Spokesperson for the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Director of the Operation Monitoring and Coordination Bureau, and Xie Cun, Spokesperson for the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Director of the Information Communication Development Department, they provided relevant details and answered questions from journalists. The following is a transcript of the press conference. Industrial and Informatization Development in 2025 Characterized by Four Features: "Stable," "Progressive," "Innovative," and "Dynamic" Zhang Yunming: Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, friends from the press! First of all, I would like to thank you for your long-standing concern and support for the cause of industry and informatization. In 2025, facing profound and complex changes in the domestic and overseas situation, and under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, the industrial and informatization system fully implemented the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and its successive plenary sessions, resolutely shouldering the key task of achieving new-type industrialization. The industrial economy advanced under pressure, developing toward innovation and excellence, achieving effective qualitative improvement and reasonable quantitative growth. The main targets and tasks for the year were successfully completed. Looking back at the industrial and informatization development in 2025, it was characterized by four features: "stable," "progressive," "innovative," and "dynamic." First, the "stable" trend continued to consolidate. We adhered to focusing the emphasis of economic development on the real economy, introduced a new round of work plans for stabilizing growth in ten key industries, supported major industrial provinces in playing a leading role, and effectively boosted the steady growth of the industrial economy. In 2025, the value-added of industrial enterprises above the designated size increased by 5.9% YoY, the proportion of manufacturing value-added in GDP remained stable, and the scale of manufacturing is expected to remain the world's largest for the 16th consecutive year. The total telecommunications service volume increased by 9.1% YoY. The contribution of the industrial and informatization sector to economic growth exceeded 40%, effectively serving as a "ballast stone." Second, the "progressive" pace continued to accelerate. We unwaveringly anchored high-quality development as the primary task, and solidly advanced the intelligent, green, and integrated development of manufacturing. The value-added of equipment manufacturing and high-tech manufacturing industries above the designated size increased by 9.2% and 9.4% YoY, respectively, with growth rates 3.3 and 3.5 percentage points higher than that of industrial enterprises above the designated size. Their share in the total value-added of industrial enterprises above the designated size increased by 2.2 and 0.8 percentage points compared to 2024. The digital and intelligent transformation of the manufacturing sector has been steadily advancing, with a cumulative total of over 35,000 basic-level, 8,200 advanced-level, and 500 outstanding-level smart factories established, and 15 leading-level smart factories nurtured. Industrial carbon reduction, pollution control, green expansion, and growth have been promoted in a coordinated manner, with more than 8,000 national green factories cultivated, and the energy and water consumption per unit of added value for industrial enterprises above designated size continuously decreasing. Third, new momentum continues to grow. We have focused on promoting the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, and have implemented key core technology breakthrough projects, industrial foundation reconstruction projects, and major technical equipment breakthrough projects. Significant progress has been made in major equipment such as ultra-large diameter tunnel boring machines and heavy-duty gas turbines, and artificial intelligence has injected strong impetus into industrial economic growth, with the first phase of 6G technology trials forming over 300 key technology reserves. The added value of industries such as integrated circuits and electronic special materials grew by 26.7% and 23.9% YoY respectively, the production of industrial robots increased by 28% YoY, and the sales of new NEVs reached 16.49 million units, up 28.2% YoY. Investment in emerging fields showed a good trend, with sectors like aviation, spacecraft, and equipment manufacturing achieving double-digit growth in investment. Fourth, the effects of "vitality" continue to manifest. We have accelerated reforms in key areas, implemented special actions to reduce the burden on enterprises, expedited the clearance of arrears owed to enterprises, and promoted the implementation of pro-enterprise policies, striving to create a vibrant environment for enterprise development. Initial results have been achieved in the comprehensive management of involution-style competition, and the competitive ecology in key industries such as NEVs and PV continues to improve. 5G and gigabit optical networks have been integrated into 91 out of 97 major categories of the national economy, and industrial internet has covered all 41 major industrial categories, injecting more vitality into economic and social development. Efforts have been strengthened to cultivate high-quality enterprises, with over 140,000 specialized, refined, unique, and innovative SMEs and 504,000 high-tech enterprises within their validity period cumulatively fostered. In 2025, the added value of specialized, refined, unique, and innovative "little giant" enterprises in industrial enterprises above designated size grew by 9% YoY, and the total profit of high-tech enterprises in the first 11 months grew by 5.3% YoY. Looking back at the past year and ahead to the next five years, during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China's industrial economic development has achieved new significant accomplishments, with its characteristics of resilience, potential, and vitality further highlighted. We are full of confidence in maintaining a steady and positive trend for industrial economic development in 2026. In the new year, the industrial and information technology system will adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, conscientiously implement the deployment of the Central Economic Work Conference, take promoting high-quality development as the theme, uphold the general principle of seeking progress while maintaining stability, better coordinate domestic economic work and international economic and trade struggles, better coordinate development and security, vigorously promote new-type industrialization, accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system with advanced manufacturing as the backbone, and focus on stabilizing growth, strengthening innovation, promoting integration, optimizing governance, and preventing risks, to ensure a good start for the 15th Five-Year Plan. I will briefly introduce these points. Building on the experience summarized from last year, we have continued to prepare this review material on the industrial and information technology developments in 2025 and during the 14th Five-Year Plan period for your reference. Next, my colleagues and I are ready to take questions from our journalist friends. Thank you. Q&A Session Emerging and Future Industries: Achieving Three "Batches" to Provide Strong Momentum for China's Economic Development Journalist: In recent years, how has the development of China's emerging and future industries progressed? The proposal for the 15th Five-Year Plan suggests cultivating and strengthening emerging and future industries. How will this be promoted and implemented? Thank you. Zhang Yunming: Thank you for your question. I will address it. Since the start of the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has resolutely implemented the decisions and plans of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, coordinating efforts to optimize and upgrade traditional industries, develop and strengthen emerging industries, and make forward-looking arrangements for future industries. We have advanced technological breakthroughs, achievement transformation, and industrialisation in an integrated manner, improving institutional mechanisms for supply-demand matching, collaborative research, resource sharing, and policy coordination. We have developed new quality productive forces according to local conditions, providing strong momentum for China's economic and social development, which is reflected in three "batches." First, a batch of innovative achievements with high "innovation content" have emerged one after another. "Good ideas" from the laboratory are continuously transformed into "good products" on the production line. Technologies such as perovskite materials, permanent magnetic materials, and power batteries are at internationally advanced levels. New-type networks, high-speed communications, advanced computing, emerging software, and blockchain technologies are accelerating iteration. Prototypes like atomic clocks and magnetometers based on new quantum technologies have been successfully developed. Superconducting quantum computers and photonic quantum computers have achieved quantum advantage, meaning these computers possess computational capabilities that surpass any classical computer in solving specific problems. Brain-computer interface technology is accelerating its expansion from medical applications to fields like education and industry. Second, a batch of new products with broad application prospects are accelerating their entry into the market. End-use products such as intelligent robots are continuously maturing and being put into use. Bio-manufacturing products are expanding their application scope in industries like pharmaceuticals and health, daily chemicals and cosmetics, and green energy. A number of new scenarios, such as "5G+," "Industrial Internet+," "Robotics+," and "Beidou+," are being rapidly cultivated, providing vast market space for the rapid industrialisation of new products. Third, a batch of competitive industries with strong international competitiveness have emerged. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, a number of emerging industries, including NEVs, PV, low-altitude equipment, ships, and marine engineering equipment, accelerated their development and growth, making the name card of "Made in China" even more "impressive."In 2025, NEV production and sales reached new highs, the PV industry developed steadily, injecting green momentum into global development. The number and variety of civil drone products continued to grow. The shipbuilding industry achieved simultaneous improvement in both quantity and quality, with industrial competitiveness continuously strengthening. Looking ahead to the "16th Five-Year Plan" period, in terms of emerging industries, we will thoroughly implement the action to develop and strengthen emerging industries and create new momentum, the large-scale application demonstration action for new technologies, new products, and new scenarios in manufacturing, establish national demonstration bases for emerging industrial development, and work from both supply and demand sides to accelerate the cultivation of emerging pillar industries. Regarding future industries, we will implement the "Implementation Opinions on Promoting the Innovative Development of Future Industries," continuously carry out the "unveiling the list and appointing the best" mechanism for innovation tasks, organize and implement a number of forward-looking and strategic major science and technology projects, support local governments in building a number of future industry pilot zones according to local conditions, increase government investment fund investments, and form a favorable situation nationwide where future industries compete for development. That's all for my answer, thank you. Thoroughly Implement the Smart Manufacturing Project, Continuously Carry Out Gradient Cultivation of Smart Factories Reporter: As benchmark demonstrations for smart manufacturing, the cultivation and development of leading-edge smart factories have attracted much attention. What landmark achievements have they made in key technology breakthroughs and industrial chain collaboration? How will the cultivation be deepened next to expand the demonstration and leading effect? Thank you. Xie Cun: Thank you for your question. Cultivating leading-edge smart factories is a strategic measure for China to seize the opportunity of industrial intelligent development and build future manufacturing competitive advantages. Since 2025, we have jointly promoted this work with departments including the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), the Ministry of Finance, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council, the State Administration for Market Regulation, and the National Data Administration, aiming to create a number of "Chinese models" representing the highest global level of smart manufacturing, paving the way and leading the overall upgrade of China's manufacturing industry. Currently, the first batch of 15 leading factories were collectively unveiled at the 2025 World Intelligent Manufacturing Summit, and the related cultivation work has achieved outstanding progress in three aspects: First, beneficial exploration has been conducted in manufacturing modes. The leading factories meet production requirements for high efficiency, high precision, high flexibility, and high quality, setting transformation benchmarks for their respective industries. Some automobile factories achieved flexible mixed-flow production of multiple car models, some petrochemical factories achieved autonomous operation relying on digital twins, and some optical cable factories conquered extreme manufacturing processes for ultra-large size preform rods, etc. These changes drove an average productivity increase of 29% and reduced product defect rate by 47%. Second, innovative breakthroughs have been achieved in manufacturing technology. Currently, artificial intelligence has penetrated over 70% of business scenarios in leading factories, accumulated more than 6,000 vertical domain models, drove the large-scale application of over 1,700 key smart manufacturing equipment and industrial software pieces, and formed a number of industrial intelligent agents with perception, decision-making, and execution capabilities, promoting the evolution of smart manufacturing from "automation" to "autonomy." Third, in terms of industrial value, it has driven synergistic upgrading. The lighthouse factories not only provide high-end products but also extend into high-value models such as large-scale customization, industry chain collaboration, and predictive maintenance, transforming from "product manufacturers" into comprehensive providers of "products + services + solutions." Lighthouse factories export relevant capabilities to the entire industry, driving the synergistic upgrading of more than 1,300 upstream and downstream enterprises, and promoting the overall leap of the industry chain toward the high end. Next, we will deeply implement the smart manufacturing project and continue to carry out gradient cultivation of smart factories. We will further expand the scale and establish more benchmarks. We will support leading enterprises in exploring future manufacturing models and continue to cultivate a number of lighthouse factories to lead the overall transformation of the industry. We will further refine standards and promote knowledge sharing. We will systematically summarize best practices to form replicable and promotable technical guidelines, standards, and solutions, and export and share them with the entire industry. We will further open up and collaborate, contributing China's solutions. We will promote lighthouse factories as sources of technology, standards, and rules, and accelerate their replication and promotion overseas, providing Chinese wisdom for the global digital and intelligent transformation of manufacturing. Let us look forward to lighthouse factories continuously injecting new momentum into "Intelligent Manufacturing in China" and exploring new frontiers! That's all for my answer, thank you. Three Aspects of Efforts to Expand Domestic Demand and Optimize Supply to Better Meet the People's Needs for a Better Life Reporter: The Central Economic Work Conference listed "adhering to domestic demand-led approach and building a strong domestic market" as the primary task. May I ask, what is the current development status of the consumer goods industry? In 2026, how will we further adapt to consumption upgrading, improve the supply capacity of high-quality consumer goods, and better meet consumer demand? Thank you. Tao Qing: Thank you for your question, I will answer it. The consumer goods industry is a traditional advantageous industry and an important livelihood industry in China. Currently, there are about 195,000 enterprises above the designated size, employing more than 25 million people, accounting for 37% and 34.3% of all industrial enterprises above the designated size, respectively. In the full year of 2025, the value-added of consumer goods industries above the designated size increased by 3.7% YoY, accounting for 26.1% of all industries above the designated size. In 2025, our ministry thoroughly implemented the "Action Plan for Boosting Consumption," and jointly issued and implemented the "Implementation Plan on Enhancing the Adaptability of Consumer Goods Supply and Demand to Further Promote Consumption" with multiple departments. We mainly focused on three aspects to continuously expand domestic demand, optimize supply, and better meet the people's growing needs for a better life. First, we made every effort to optimize supply-demand synergy and continuously increased the supply of high-quality products. We organized promotional consumption activities such as "Foodie Season," "Better Supply and Upgrading in Textiles and Apparel," and "Shopping Season for Respecting the Elderly," cumulatively releasing 35 landmark bio-manufacturing products, 1,321 innovative textile products, 1,188 high-quality elderly products, and 1,021 upgraded and innovative consumer goods. We improved the quality and safety traceability system for infant formula milk powder, striving to meet diverse consumer demands with high-quality supply, so that the people "have the supply for what they want to buy and feel more assured about what they buy." Second, strengthen the leading role of brand strategy to activate the intrinsic momentum of domestic product consumption. Deeply implement the "increase variety, improve quality, and create brands" strategy in the consumer goods industry, release the first batch of 93 enterprise brands and 43 regional brands of Chinese consumer famous products, organize and host the Famous Consumer Products Conference, and improve the brand cultivation and promotion system. Focus on cultivating historical classic industries, creating "national trend masterpieces" such as Chinese tea, silk, and porcelain, exploring new consumption scenarios, formats, and models, and promoting domestic products to not only "break out" but also "shine," becoming the "favorites" of the people's consumption. Third, consolidate the foundation of industrial upgrading and build a solid support for high-quality supply. Issue and implement digital transformation plans for industries such as textiles, light industry, food, and pharmaceuticals. Strengthen the construction of distinctive industrial clusters in the consumer goods industry, release the first list of 39 traditional advantageous food production areas and key local specialty food industries for cultivation, and 25 key textile and garment special industry clusters (at the county level) under the "one county, one policy" initiative in central and western regions, making the consumer market both full of "vitality" and more "technological." Next, we will resolutely implement the decisions and deployments of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, closely follow the orientation of supply-demand collaboration, keep up with the trend of consumption upgrade, optimize product supply, continuously build an array of Chinese consumer famous products, improve the brand development ecosystem, steadily promote the intelligent, green, and integrated development of the consumer goods industry, and build a "hard support" for consumption supply. With more practical measures, we will release consumption vitality, enhance consumption momentum, and promote more domestic products to gain fame domestically and go global, making consumption choices richer and the consumption experience more comfortable. That concludes my response, thank you. Five Measures to Accelerate High-Quality Development of the Artificial Intelligence Industry Reporter : In the context of "AI + Manufacturing," which industries will be prioritized for support? How will the balance be struck between potential unemployment or foreign restrictions due to innovative development? Thank you. Zhang Yunming : Thank you for your question. I will answer it now. By 2025, global artificial intelligence technology will accelerate innovation and iteration, deepening integration with various industries and fields. 2025 is also a year when China's artificial intelligence industry thrives and shines. We focus on both the development of the AI industry and its deep application in the manufacturing sector, achieving significant results, mainly in four aspects. First, the foundation continues to be strengthened. Domestic enterprises have released multiple AI chip products, with smart computing power reaching 1,590 EFLOPS. High-quality data sets in the industry are emerging at an accelerated pace, and domestic large models lead the global open-source ecosystem. According to relevant institutions, by 2025, the number of AI enterprises in China will exceed 6,000, and the core industry scale is expected to surpass 1.2 trillion yuan. Second, products have become increasingly diverse. AI-enabled end-use products such as AI phones, AI computers, and AI glasses are rapidly entering millions of households. In the first three quarters of 2025, shipments in the smart glasses market exceeded 1.78 million units, nearly 80% of which were AI glasses, adding a greater sense of technology and futurism to production and daily life. Third, applications continue to expand. Currently, AI applications have covered key industries such as steel, nonferrous metals, power, and communications, and are gradually penetrating key areas such as product R&D, quality detection, and client services. For example, a home appliance enterprise used its self-developed "5G+AI" industrial visual detection system to increase detection accuracy to 99.98% and improve per capita productivity by 275%. Fourth, the ecosystem is accelerating its growth. The National AI Industry Investment Fund was launched and put into operation, with a capital scale of 60 billion yuan. The AI Standardization Special Initiative was further implemented, resulting in the development and release of over 40 key national and industry standards by 2025, along with the incubation and launch of key open-source projects such as agent protocols and operator libraries. Recently, our ministry, together with seven other departments, issued the Implementation Opinions on the Special Initiative for "AI + Manufacturing," accompanied by industry transformation guidelines and enterprise application guides. In the next step, we will focus on implementing the Implementation Opinions to accelerate the high-quality development of the AI industry. We will strengthen technological innovation, accelerating breakthroughs in key technologies such as training chips and heterogeneous computing power. We will promote integrated applications, focusing on sectors such as software programming, new materials R&D, pharmaceutical R&D, and information communications, and systematically drive breakthroughs in large and small models as well as intelligent agents. We will foster enterprise growth, stimulating the emergence of more enabling application service providers. We will enhance ecosystem development, accelerating the formulation of urgently needed industry standards and improving the AI open-source mechanism. We will advance security governance, strengthening R&D and application in areas such as algorithm security protection and training data protection, and enhancing enterprises' ability to prevent ethical risks. Regarding the employment issue you mentioned, I would like to emphasize that this is an inevitable challenge in the development of AI. Technological progress often accompanies the restructuring of employment patterns and the iteration of job positions. However, restructuring does not mean disappearance, and iteration does not mean replacement. We must view the challenges of development through the lens of development itself. This is also an issue we must resolve. Every country faces similar challenges in the process of developing AI. We will adhere to application-driven approaches, fully leverage the enabling role of AI integration, and while promoting the restructuring of organizational models, work methods, and production paradigms, continuously enhance the AI literacy of workers and cultivate more interdisciplinary talents who understand both AI and manufacturing. This is also an issue that has been proven by the laws of historical development to be inevitably solvable. From the Industrial Revolution to the Information Technology Revolution, every major technological transformation has raised concerns about employment, but ultimately, through industrial transformation, productivity has been enhanced, employment structures optimized, and new jobs created. Finally, I would like to emphasize that in the face of artificial intelligence development, we must uphold the concept of a community with a shared future for humanity, strengthen international exchanges and cooperation with an open and win-win attitude. The new challenges brought by artificial intelligence will surely be effectively resolved, and we should all be full of confidence in this. Thank you! Cultivating New Momentum for Green Development from Three Aspects: Technology Drive, Application Traction, and Standards Leadership Reporter: We have noticed that in 2025, the green and low-carbon transformation of industry accelerated, and the green manufacturing system continued to improve. May I ask what progress has been made in promoting the green and low-carbon development of industry, and how will we further contribute to high-quality green and low-carbon development in the future? Thank you. Tao Qing: Thank you for your question. I will answer it. The advancement of intelligent production technologies and green energy technologies, while empowering industrial greening, has also given rise to green industrialisation. Our ministry has consistently implemented the decisions and deployments of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, actively cultivating new momentum for green development, seeking innovation through green transformation, and achieving positive results. First, unleashing new vitality in traditional industries. We have deeply advanced energy-saving and carbon reduction upgrades, promoting traditional industries to achieve green expansion and growth through carbon reduction and pollution control. For example, using hydrogen as a reducing agent for iron smelting can reduce pollutants and carbon dioxide emissions at the source. Currently, million-ton-level hydrogen metallurgy projects in Hebei, Guangdong, and other places have been successively put into operation. Compared to traditional processes, these can reduce carbon emissions by over 50% annually, creating a new landscape for the development of the steel industry. Second, providing new equipment for energy conservation and environmental protection. China's energy conservation and environmental protection equipment industry has continued to expand in scale, with innovation capabilities significantly enhanced. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, our ministry supported the promotion and application of over a thousand technological equipment items for energy saving, carbon reduction, water conservation, and pollution reduction. We carried out innovation tasks for major environmental protection technologies and equipment through open solicitation, strengthened breakthroughs and supply-demand matching, providing key equipment support for the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development. Third, developing new business models in green energy. We have proactively adapted to the new-type power system, enhancing the local consumption level of renewable energy. We coordinated the construction and application of industrial green microgrids and digital energy-carbon management centers, released typical application scenarios and cases, and guided the integrated application of wind power, solar power, energy storage, and hydrogen. In 2025, the average utilization rate of renewable energy in national green computing facilities exceeded 70%. The Central Economic Work Conference identified "adhering to the 'dual carbon' goals as the guide and promoting comprehensive green transformation" as a key task for next year's economic work. In the next step, we will thoroughly implement Xi Jinping's Thought on Ecological Civilization, firmly establish and practice the concept that "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets," and focus on three aspects to cultivate new momentum for green development: Technology-driven aspect: Addressing industrial development needs, we will focus on tackling difficulties and bottlenecks such as flexible hydrogen production and the digital-intelligent operation of microgrids, develop key energy-saving and environmental protection equipment and integrated system solutions suited to specific scenarios, and establish a technology and equipment R&D and promotion mechanism dominated by enterprises and deeply integrated with industry, academia, research, and application. Application-led aspect: Guided by market demand, we will direct various resource elements towards green and low-carbon development, promote the transition of advanced and applicable technology and equipment from "demonstration applications" to "large-scale popularization," and form a virtuous cycle of technological iteration, industrial upgrading, and model innovation. Standard-led aspect: Focusing on areas such as industrial green microgrids, clean low-carbon hydrogen, and energy-saving and environmental protection equipment, we will formulate and revise a batch of basic universal and technical specification standards, promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into standards, safeguard baseline requirements and create benchmarks, and comprehensively strengthen the implementation and application of standards. Thank you. Improving the Policy and Regulatory Framework, High-Quality Enterprise Cultivation, and Public Service System to Promote High-Quality Development of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Reporter : Small and medium-sized enterprises are an important support for economic resilience. What was the development status of China's SMEs in 2025? How will efforts be intensified next to promote the high-quality development of SMEs? Thank you. Zhang Yunming: Thank you for your question. I will answer this one. In 2025, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises continued to maintain a stable and positive trend, which can be summarized as two "steadies." The first "steady" is the steady growth of major economic indicators. In 2025, the value-added of industrial SMEs above designated size increased by 6.9% YoY, and the SME export index for December was 52.4%, having remained in expansion territory for 21 consecutive months. The second "steady" is the steady improvement in development quality. Cumulatively, 17,600 specialized, sophisticated, distinctive, and innovative "little giant" enterprises, over 140,000 specialized, sophisticated, distinctive, and innovative SMEs, and over 600,000 scientific, technological, and innovative SMEs have been cultivated. The R&D intensity of specialized, sophisticated, distinctive, and innovative "little giant" enterprises reached 7%, with a total of 460,000 invention patents and an average of 26.6 per enterprise. However, we also note that currently many SMEs still face difficulties and challenges in areas such as market orders, talent attraction and cultivation, capital turnover, and transformation and upgrading, requiring further improvement of policy measures and increased support efforts. In 2026, our ministry will adhere to the "two unwaverings," emphasize both service and management as well as development and support, improve the policy and regulatory system, the high-quality enterprise cultivation system, and the public service system to promote the high-quality development of small and medium-sized enterprises. First, we will continue to optimize the development environment for enterprises. We will formulate a development plan for promoting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) during the 15th Five-Year Plan period. We will fully implement the Regulation on Ensuring Payments to Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, intensify efforts to clear overdue payments owed to enterprises, resolutely curb new instances of overdue payments, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of SMEs. We will accelerate the revision of the classification criteria for SMEs, further optimize classification indicators and methods, and enhance the precision and effectiveness of policy support. Second, we will intensify efforts to cultivate more specialized and innovative SMEs. We will expedite the establishment of mechanisms to promote the development and growth of specialized and innovative SMEs, and implement a three-year action plan for the gradient cultivation of high-quality enterprises. We will explore the establishment of a number of specialized and innovative empowerment centers. We will improve the gradient cultivation system for characteristic industrial clusters of SMEs. We will refine the mechanism where large enterprises "post challenges" and SMEs "respond to challenges," promoting collaborative and integrated development among enterprises of all sizes. Third, we will make every effort to provide comprehensive, all-element, and full-cycle services. Focusing on the needs of enterprises, we will establish and effectively utilize the China SME Service Network. We will create the first batch of national public service demonstration platforms (bases) for SMEs. In collaboration with relevant departments, we will launch the "Benefiting Enterprises Together" service initiative for SMEs, continuously strengthening high-quality and efficient public services in areas such as market expansion, digital empowerment, financing promotion, talent attraction and cultivation, management enhancement, and international cooperation, to support the high-quality development of SMEs. That concludes my response. Thank you. China has constructed the world's largest information infrastructure with leading technology. Reporter : I would like to ask about the construction of information infrastructure. In recent years, China has consistently adhered to the principle of moderately advancing the construction of information infrastructure, providing strong support for the in-depth integration and development of the real economy and the digital economy. What is the current overall situation regarding the construction of information infrastructure? Could you provide an introduction? Additionally, what are the key tasks for the next steps? Thank you. Xie Cun: Thank you for your question. I will answer it. As you mentioned, moderate advancement is one of our primary approaches in constructing information infrastructure. Following this approach, we have built the world's largest information infrastructure with leading technology. Here are some sets of data for reference: In terms of mobile networks, 4.838 million 5G base stations have been constructed, with 5G coverage extended to all townships and 95% of administrative villages across the country. 5G evolved networks (i.e., 5G-A) have covered more than 330 cities. In terms of fixed networks, the number of 10G PON ports for gigabit optical networks has reached 31.62 million, with two-thirds of prefecture-level cities meeting the gigabit city standards. Pilot constructions of 10-gigabit optical networks have also been initiated in some cities. Regarding computing infrastructure, 42 intelligent computing clusters with 10,000 cards each have been established, with the scale of intelligent computing power exceeding 1,590 EFLOPS, ranking among the top globally and strongly supporting the rapid development of China's artificial intelligence industry. Build well, and use well. In recent years, we have also adhered to the principle of "building and using in combination, promoting construction through use," dedicated to advancing the application of information infrastructure at all levels. At the individual user level, the scale of 5G users exceeded 1.2 billion, accounting for 65.9% of all mobile phone users, with an average usage of 23GB per user in December 2025; gigabit broadband users reached 240 million, accounting for 34.5% of all broadband users. In the vertical industry sector, over 23,000 "5G+Industrial Internet" projects were launched, and new models and forms such as "dark factories," "unmanned mines," and "smart ports" gradually grew, becoming a key driving force for the upgrade of traditional industries. In the future, continuous iteration and upgrading will be carried out to maintain technological leadership. We follow the rule of "commercializing one generation while researching and developing the next," steadily enhancing the capabilities of information and communication technology. Currently, China's share of 5G standard-essential patent declarations is 42% globally; 6G R&D has completed the first phase of technical trials, forming over 300 key technology reserves, and the second phase of 6G technical trials has recently been initiated. Next, our ministry will focus on coordinating the three aspects of "construction, use, and research," emphasizing the three key words: "upgrade, iteration, and deepening," to promote high-quality development in the information and communication industry. Upgrade means advancing network upgrades. Implementing the "broadband upgrade" special program, deploying 5G-A networks and 10-gigabit optical networks in urban areas and key scenarios, and promoting the transition from "dual gigabit" to "dual 10-gigabit." Accelerating the development of "intelligent connectivity" in mobile IoT. Strengthening the construction of computing power networks, and deeply implementing the city-level "millisecond computing" special action. Iteration means accelerating technological iteration. Speeding up 6G R&D, and proactively planning and nurturing the 6G application industry ecosystem. Enhancing the layout of next-generation optical communications and quantum information R&D. Deepening means promoting deeper applications. Accelerating the integration of 5G, industrial internet, gigabit optical networks, and computing power into industries such as manufacturing, agriculture, transportation, culture and tourism, education, and healthcare, to comprehensively serve the digital and intelligent development of the economy and society. That concludes my response, thank you. Significant progress in the digital industry during the 14th Five-Year Plan period in terms of scale, innovation capability, and enabling applications Reporter: Since the 14th Five-Year Plan, the speed of digital technology innovation in China has continuously accelerated, and the digital industry has rapidly developed. Could you please tell us about the characteristics? Thank you. Zhang Yunming: Thank you for your question. I will answer this. The digital industry is a key support for the deep integration of the real economy and the digital economy, and it is also an important carrier for developing new quality productive forces. Since the initiation of the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China's digital industry has experienced rapid development, with continuous improvements in quality and efficiency, achieving significant progress in three key areas: scale and volume, innovation capability, and enabling applications. The scale and volume have continued to expand, with major provinces playing an increasingly prominent role as stabilizers for industrial development. Preliminary estimates indicate that by the end of 2025, the revenue of China's digital industry reached approximately 38.3 trillion yuan, with profits of 3.1 trillion yuan, representing cumulative growth of about 39.5% and 48.4%, respectively, compared to the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2020). In 2025, the provinces and cities of Guangdong, Jiangsu, Beijing, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Shandong, Sichuan, Fujian, Anhui, and Hubei ranked among the top 10 in terms of digital industry revenue nationwide, contributing over 90% to the growth of the national digital industry revenue. Innovation capability has accelerated its release, with the role of fostering new momentum as an accelerator becoming more prominent. Innovations in the software industry have continuously emerged, the ecosystem for basic software has continued to improve, and the number of devices equipped with the OpenHarmony operating system has approached 1.2 billion. The artificial intelligence industry has flourished, with a series of groundbreaking innovations continuously emerging and a growing variety of end-use products becoming increasingly abundant. Digital products in new fields and tracks are driving a new round of consumption upgrades, becoming new growth points for economic development. Enabling applications have advanced in depth, with the role of digital-real integration as a connector becoming more prominent. Integrated applications of the industrial internet have achieved full coverage across major industrial categories, initially establishing a multi-level and systematic industrial internet platform system, with the number of industrial equipment connections on key national platforms exceeding 100 million units (sets). Digital-intelligent technologies have been deeply integrated into core production and manufacturing processes, with 100 high-level 5G factories reaching globally leading standards, achieving average capacity increases of 25%, product quality improvements of 21%, and operational cost reductions of 19%. In collaboration with the Ministry of Finance, support has been provided to 101 pilot cities for the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises, promoting the digital transformation of 45,000 small and medium-sized enterprises through a "point-line-surface" approach. Moving forward, we will continue to accurately grasp the trends and patterns of digital industry development, accelerate technological innovation and enabling applications, strengthen standard leadership and ecosystem building, enhance policy coordination and factor support, and intensify efforts to promote the high-quality development of the digital industry. That concludes my response. Thank you. The 2025 "Ten Practical Actions for Warm Information and Communication Services" Achieved Positive Results Reporter : We understand that the information and communication industry is closely related to everyone's daily life. May I ask what measures the MIIT has taken in 2025 to promote the industry's services for people's livelihoods? How will you further advance information and communication services to make them more convenient, beneficial, and favorable for the people? Thank you. Xie Cun : Thank you for your question. Information and communication services are closely related to the immediate interests and experiences of the general public. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has always adhered to a people-centered development philosophy, taking practical measures to improve people's livelihoods. In H1 2025, we guided the release of the "Ten Practical Deeds for Warm-hearted Information and Communication Services." Since the launch of this initiative, a series of positive outcomes have been achieved: First, the handling and use of telecommunications services have become more convenient. "Online processing" now covers almost all types of telecom services, with over 91% of transactions conducted online. Video customer service has served more than 60 million users, reducing the need for people to make physical visits and making things easier for them. We organized basic telecom enterprises to publish standardized telephone marketing measures, centrally display telecom tariff plans, upgrade services such as capping excess data usage, and provide a 7-day appointment service for broadband cancellation. For key scenarios like automatic renewals, users are reminded via SMS and phone calls, making consumption more transparent and reassuring. Second, digital services for the elderly have become more considerate. Basic telecom enterprises have fully covered their own business halls with dedicated love seats, providing priority green channels and auxiliary devices for seniors, and accelerating the promotion of "door-to-door services" and "one-on-one teaching" for the elderly. The "one-click access to human customer service" senior hotline has served over 650 million people. A total of 3,092 websites and apps closely related to the lives of the elderly have completed age-friendly and accessibility renovations, continuously enhancing the convenience and accessibility of services. Third, the use of recycled numbers has become safer. Before issuing new numbers, basic telecom enterprises refreshed over 250 million recycled numbers and unlinked more than 1 billion internet applications. They launched an "active refresh" service on official apps and mini-programs, supporting the unbinding of 239 commonly used internet applications, and processed over 360 million unbinding requests for more than 5.8 million users. Fourth, the legitimate rights and interests of users are better protected. We have promoted end-user enterprises to add features that record the use of sensitive permissions such as microphones, cameras, and location, allowing users to view and disable these permissions at will, thus better protecting personal information security. We have also promoted the transparency of algorithmic recommendations, providing users with easy options to turn off personalized recommendation services. We have introduced "do not disturb" services for calls and messages, offering innovative functions such as smart answering, call verification reminders, and international call protection, helping to safeguard the tranquility of users' lives. Moving forward, we will continue to focus on the concerns and expectations of the public, further implementing the "Ten Practical Deeds for Warm-hearted Information and Communication Services," and striving to enhance the supply of digital services, promoting clear and worry-free consumption. We will strengthen the promotion of digital aging development achievements, providing more high-quality and convenient digital products and services for the elderly and people with disabilities. Expand the coverage of "Secondary Number Renewal" and promote its integration with more internet applications closely related to people's livelihoods. Improve the regular and long-term governance mechanism for personal information protection in apps, enhancing the public's sense of gain, happiness, and security. That's all from me, thank you. Continue to promote technological innovation and iterative upgrades in humanoid robots, driving the development of the embodied AI industry. Reporter: Over the past year, the humanoid robot industry has developed rapidly. What level has China's humanoid robot industry achieved in terms of whole-machine development, breakthroughs in core components, and commercialization scenarios? What will be the focus of industrial cultivation in the next step? Thank you. Zhang Yunming : Thank you for your question. I will answer it. From its stunning debut at the 2025 Spring Festival Gala to competing alongside athletes in sports events, humanoid robots have demonstrated their "kung fu mode," and their rapid development is evident to all. Driven by artificial intelligence, the industry has evolved beyond expectations. In 2025, the number of domestic whole-machine enterprises exceeded 140, and over 330 humanoid robot products were released. The industry widely regards 2025 as the first year of mass production for humanoid robots, with the industry poised for takeoff and promising prospects. Over the past year, following the approach of "innovation-driven development, scenario traction, and ecological synergy," we have made significant progress in humanoid robot technology and products. Currently, humanoid robots in China are capable of "standing steadily, walking stably, and running quickly," accelerating their transition from "moving on stage" and "running in competitions" to "being used in households" and "working in factories." We have focused on enhancing "hard power" to solidify the technological foundation. We supported Beijing and Shanghai in establishing innovation centers for embodied AI and humanoid robots, developed open-source public version robots such as "Qinglong" and "Tiangong," and the "Kaiwu" operating system, driving breakthroughs in basic software and hardware. We have promoted "rapid deployment" to advance application demonstrations. By deeply exploring high-value scenarios such as humanoid robots serving people's livelihoods and performing tasks, we have facilitated the large-scale development of new technologies and products. We have fostered a "favorable ecosystem" to strengthen multi-party collaboration. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology established the Humanoid Robot and Embodied AI Standardization Technical Committee, with active participation from over 70 top-tier enterprises and research institutions. In the field of embodied AI, we supported the construction of national AI application pilot bases, creating an integrated innovation hub for humanoid robots and embodied AI covering "R&D-design-testing-manufacturing-application." In the next step, we will continue to promote technological innovation and iterative upgrades in humanoid robots, using humanoid robots as a small entry point to drive the development of the larger embodied AI industry. We will focus on "advancing technology" by continuously organizing tasks such as open challenges and missions, deploying national major scientific and technological projects, and enhancing the technical level of large models, integrated joints, computing power chips, and other areas. Continue to "Ensure Safety" by enhancing the quality, cybersecurity, and data security inspection and detection of humanoid robots, and by conducting research and management services related to scientific and technological ethics, thereby achieving high-quality development underpinned by high-level security. Accelerate "Strengthening the Ecosystem" by increasing the support from the National AI Industry Investment Fund for humanoid robots, establishing open-source communities for humanoid robots, and issuing the Comprehensive Standardization System Development Guidelines for Humanoid Robots and Embodied AI, thereby promoting the global sharing of innovative achievements. That concludes my response. Thank you. Three Measures Have Significantly Enhanced the Development Level and Supply Assurance Capability of New Materials Reporter: We have observed that in recent years, China's new materials industry has entered a period of accelerated development, with its industrial scale continuously expanding. Could you elaborate on the efforts made to promote the innovation, R&D, and practical application of new materials? How will the development of the new materials industry be further advanced? Thank you. Tao Qing : Thank you for your question. President Xi Jinping emphasized that the new materials industry is a strategic and foundational sector, as well as a key area of high-tech competition, and we must strive to catch up and keep pace. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has thoroughly studied and implemented President Xi Jinping’s important directives, working alongside relevant departments and local governments to vigorously promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation in new materials, resulting in a significant improvement in the development level and supply assurance capability of new materials. We have focused on three key areas of work: The first area is strengthening key breakthroughs. We have organized and implemented national major science and technology projects and the industrial foundation reengineering project, reinforced the leading role of enterprises in innovation, established upstream-downstream cooperation mechanisms centered on key downstream application fields, and carried out systematic collaborative innovation. Since the 14th Five-Year Plan period, a number of key materials have been successfully developed. For example, high-performance carbon fiber composites were applied for the first time globally in the main load-bearing structures of commercially operated metro train bodies, achieving an 11% reduction in vehicle weight and an annual reduction of approximately 130 mt in CO₂ emissions, thereby advancing urban rail transit toward lightweight and green upgrades. The second area is strengthening promotion and application. Focusing on the bottlenecks faced by new materials during their initial market entry, we have deeply implemented the first-batch new materials insurance compensation policy, expanded the scope of supported materials and duration for the first batch, alleviated user procurement concerns, and encouraged local governments to tailor the first-batch policy according to local conditions to accelerate the promotion of first-batch materials. To date, new materials products with a cumulative value exceeding 55 billion yuan have been introduced to the market, supporting endeavors such as the Shenzhou-21 manned spacecraft in reaching for the stars, enabling the C919 large aircraft to soar through the skies, and facilitating the operation of smart EMUs across China. The third area is strengthening capacity building. A layout has been established, forming a key platform system for new materials that covers the entire process, including material R&D, pilot-scale maturation, material production, testing and verification, and material application. This accelerates the synchronized testing, verification, and iterative upgrading of new materials and end-use products. Cumulatively, it has provided nearly 3,000 batches of new material application verification services, over 1.5 million testing and evaluation services, and served 230,000 enterprises. More than 500 new material standards have been issued, leading the optimization and upgrading of advanced basic materials, key strategic materials, and cutting-edge new materials. Next, our ministry will resolutely implement the decisions and plans of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, fully leverage the advantages of the new-type national system and the super-large market, and base our efforts on meeting the practical needs of key application fields. With the goal of leading industrial development through material innovation, and focusing on advanced basic materials, key strategic materials, cutting-edge new materials, and "AI + materials" as development directions, we will promote collaborative innovation across the entire chain of advanced materials upstream and downstream. We will strengthen policy coordination, financial support, labour supply, and factor guarantees, create a favorable ecosystem for the R&D and application of new materials, and comprehensively enhance the innovation capacity and development efficiency of the new materials industry. That is all from me. Thank you.

As the pulse of Southeast Asian mining grows stronger and critical metals become the core arena for global industrial competition, an industry event that gathers global wisdom and links resources across the entire industry chain is about to kick off!

[SMM Analysis: The "Supply-Demand Temperature Difference" Amid the Expansion Wave, Automotive Sheet Industry Competition Map and Breakthrough Prospects] Looking back from 2021 to 2025, from the supply side, by year-end 2025, the number of domestic automotive sheet enterprises with stable production capacity had reached 8, with a combined annual operating capacity of approximately 1 million mt, marking that China has established a large-scale supply system. However, an additional nearly 400,000 mt of capacity is still under construction or commissioning, indicating that supply pressure will persist in the future.

On December 16, the Chongqing Municipal Commission of Economy and Information Technology issued a notice on the printing and distribution of the "Chongqing Hydrogen Refueling Station Industry Development Plan (2025–2035)." The document specifies that by 2035, the city will have cumulatively built 72 hydrogen refueling stations, including 60 newly planned stations, and the hydrogen supply capability will reach 25 million kg/year, laying a solid infrastructure foundation for the development of the hydrogen energy industry. To achieve the goals in an orderly manner, the plan divides the construction tasks into three key phases. The first phase, from 2025 to 2027, focuses on completing the construction of 10 new hydrogen refueling stations, achieving a daily hydrogen supply capacity of 15,000 kg, and initially establishing a regional hydrogen refueling service network to support the preliminary rollout of hydrogen energy applications. The second phase, from 2028 to 2030, continues to expand the construction scale by adding 20 new hydrogen refueling stations, increasing the daily hydrogen supply capacity to 40,000 kg, further broadening the coverage of hydrogen refueling services, and significantly enhancing service efficiency. The third phase, from 2031 to 2035, aims to complete the construction of 30 new hydrogen refueling stations, with the daily hydrogen supply capacity exceeding 70,000 kg, fully achieving the overall construction targets set by the plan and providing a solid guarantee for the high-quality development of the city's hydrogen energy industry. Full text as follows: Yu Jingxin Youqi [2025] No. 8 Chongqing Municipal Commission of Economy and Information Technology Notice on Printing and Distributing the "Chongqing Hydrogen Refueling Station Industry Development Plan (2025–2035)" To the Economic and Information Commissions of districts and counties (autonomous counties), the Economic and Information Departments of Western Science City Chongqing High-tech Zone and Wansheng Economic Development Zone, and relevant units: To thoroughly implement the major strategic decisions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, fulfill the requirements of the "Medium and Long-Term Plan for Hydrogen Energy Industry Development (2021–2035)," build a western hydrogen energy hub, lead regional energy transformation, and in conjunction with the "Chongqing Hydrogen Fuel Cell Automotive Industry Development Guidance Opinions," the Municipal Commission of Economy and Information Technology has formulated the "Chongqing Hydrogen Refueling Station Industry Development Plan (2025–2035)," which is now issued to you. Please implement it in light of local conditions. Chongqing Municipal Commission of Economy and Information Technology Dec 15, 2025 (This document is publicly released) Chongqing Hydrogen Refueling Station Industry Development Plan (2025–2035) This plan is formulated to thoroughly implement the major strategic decisions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, fulfill the requirements of the "Medium and Long-Term Plan for Hydrogen Energy Industry Development (2021–2035)," build a western hydrogen energy hub, lead regional energy transformation, and in conjunction with the "Chongqing Hydrogen Fuel Cell Automotive Industry Development Guidance Opinions."The planning period spans from 2025 to 2035. I. Planning Background Chongqing is an important modern manufacturing base in China, an economic center in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and a core engine of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle. It has initially established a facility network covering hydrogen sources, storage and transportation, and refueling. With the accelerated advancement of key application scenarios such as the "Chengdu-Chongqing Hydrogen Corridor" and the "Western Land-Sea New Corridor Hydrogen Corridor," the scale of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle promotion and hydrogen demand are expected to continue growing. (I) Development Status 1. Hydrogen Supply Has a Solid Foundation. The city boasts abundant industrial by-product hydrogen resources. Currently, the annual production of industrial by-product hydrogen in areas such as Changshou District and Tongnan District exceeds 1.5 billion cubic meters (equivalent to 134.85 million kg), which can meet the hydrogen demand for 20,000 buses or 500,000 passenger cars. Meanwhile, the largest hydrogen supply center in southwest China has commenced operations in Changshou District. At full capacity, it can supply 6,400 kg of high-purity hydrogen per day, meeting the hydrogen demand for 260 hydrogen fuel logistics heavy trucks operating within the city. 2. Short-Distance Hydrogen Transportation Network Is Taking Shape. Currently, the city has an ownership of approximately 60 hydrogen transport tube trailers, all of which are 20 MPa high-pressure gaseous tube trailers. Each vehicle has a hydrogen transport capacity of about 300 kg, forming a short-distance transportation network with a coverage radius of 150 km, basically meeting the current demonstration phase's short-distance hydrogen transportation and refueling needs. 3. Hydrogen Station Network Framework Is Basically Formed. Currently, 12 hydrogen refueling stations have been constructed and put into operation citywide (specific details are shown in Table 1). Among these, 9 are public service hydrogen refueling stations, and 3 are special-purpose hydrogen supply facilities (not providing commercial refueling for vehicles; these are hydrogen mother stations and hydrogen supply for testing purposes). They primarily cover core industrial areas and transportation hubs such as the main urban area, with a total refueling capacity of 7,500 kg per day. This has initially formed the framework of a hydrogen refueling station network, providing fundamental support for the promotion and operation of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Table 1 Hydrogen Refueling Stations Constructed and in Operation No. Region Quantity (units) Station Name 1 Nan'an District 1 Chayuan Refueling Station 2 Shapingba District 1 Silu Refueling Station 3 Jiulongpo District 1 Banshan Huandao Refueling Station 4 Liangjiang New Area 3 Airport Refueling Station, Shuangxi Refueling Station, Guohydro Center Temporary Hydrogen Supply Station 5 Jiangjin District 1 Jiangjin Shuangbao Refueling Station 6 Changshou District 2 Changshou Economic Development Zone Comprehensive Energy Station, Changshou Yanjia Hydrogen Mother Station 7 Tongnan District 1 Tongnan Chengtou Comprehensive Energy Station 8 Dianjiang County 1 Dianjiang Proving Ground Hydrogen Refueling Station 9 Qijiang District 1 Qijiang Ganshui Parking Area Total 12 4. Applications in the transportation sector have shown initial success. To date, the city has promoted the deployment of 477 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in areas such as public transport, sanitation, trunk logistics, and engineering construction. These demonstration vehicles have been operating stably, fostering a virtuous development cycle of "promoting stations through vehicles, and coordinating stations and vehicles," which provides target orientation and demand traction for the layout of hydrogen refueling stations. (II) Demand Analysis 1. Analysis of Vehicle Application Scenarios. Active efforts are made to advance the construction of cross-regional hydrogen corridors such as the "Chengdu-Chongqing Hydrogen Corridor" and the "Western Land-Sea New Corridor Hydrogen Corridor," gradually expanding hydrogen energy application scenarios in key areas including the main metropolitan area, the urban agglomeration in the Wuling Mountain area of southeastern Chongqing, and the urban agglomeration in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of northeastern Chongqing. With the deepening of related construction, the demand for vehicle hydrogen refueling will show a trend of scaled growth. (1) Chengdu-Chongqing Hydrogen Corridor. The Chengdu-Chongqing Hydrogen Corridor uses three expressways—Chongqing-Chengdu, Chengdu-Chongqing, and Chengdu-Suining-Chongqing—as the main transportation arteries, focusing on connecting core logistics hubs such as the Chongqing Liangjiang New Area Automotive Industrial Park, Guoyuan Port National Logistics Hub, Chengdu International Aviation Hub, and the China Western Modern Logistics Port. The annual freight volume exceeds 220 million mt, and the ownership of logistics vehicles traveling along these routes exceeds 50,000 units. Emphasis is placed on deploying hydrogen refueling infrastructure along the Chengdu-Chongqing trunk line, promoting the construction of hydrogen refueling stations in Dazu District, Tongliang District, Tongnan District, and Rongchang District. These efforts will respectively coordinate with the opening of hydrogen supply networks along trunk lines such as the Chongqing-Chengdu Expressway, Suining-Chongqing Expressway, and Chengdu-Chongqing Expressway, thereby increasing the scale of intercity trunk hydrogen fuel cell vehicle applications. By building a complete hydrogen energy industry chain, applications will gradually expand to surrounding areas, radiating and driving the coordinated development of urban agglomerations such as Southern Sichuan and Western Chongqing. The construction and implementation of the Chengdu-Chongqing Hydrogen Corridor will form a replicable and scalable demonstration model for the hydrogen energy industry, providing important support for the construction of the hydrogen corridor along the Yangtze River Economic Belt. (2) Western Land-Sea New Corridor Hydrogen Corridor. The Western Land-Sea New Corridor Hydrogen Corridor relies on the strategic southbound logistics channel in the western region to build a green hydrogen transportation system. It uses the Chongqing-Guizhou Expressway, Chongqing-Kunming Expressway, and the Beibu Gulf port cluster as its backbone, focusing on linking regional core hubs such as the Chongqing International Logistics Hub Park, Guiyang Comprehensive Bonded Zone, Nanning International Railway Port, and the Beibu Gulf International Gateway Port. In the first three quarters of 2025, cumulative shipments reached 1.09 million TEUs, and the scale of logistics transportation continues to grow. Currently, our city has built the Qijiang Ganshui Parking Area Hydrogen Refueling Station along this corridor, effectively supporting transportation needs, but it has not yet been effectively connected with hydrogen refueling stations in southern provinces. In the next step, as we advance the construction of the hydrogen corridor in a deeper and more substantive manner, our city will continue to improve the hydrogen energy infrastructure network, gradually expand the scale of hydrogen fuel cell truck applications, and extend them in an orderly manner to surrounding urban agglomerations, strongly promoting the green and low-carbon transformation and upgrading of the "Belt and Road" international logistics artery. (3) Main Urban Area. As the core area for the city's economic and social development, the Main Urban Area serves as both a base for the hydrogen energy industry and a demonstration zone for hydrogen energy applications, playing a significant role in industry cultivation. In terms of industrial foundation, it hosts automakers such as Qingling Auto and SAIC Hongyan, as well as core parts producers like Bosch Hydrogen Power and Guohong Hydrogen Energy, having established localized production capacity for key components including fuel cell stacks, membrane electrodes, and hydrogen storage cylinders, providing a solid foundation for the development of the hydrogen energy industry chain. Regarding application scenarios, leveraging the advantages of the Golden Waterway of the Yangtze River and the New Land-Sea Corridor, hydrogen energy applications have substantial potential for large-scale substitution in areas such as port logistics (Guoyuan Port's annual container throughput exceeds 1 million TEUs), intercity freight transport (the daily average cargo flow in the Chengdu-Chongqing region's dual-city economic circle exceeds 200,000 mt), and municipal engineering (the ownership of sanitation vehicles exceeds 6,000 units). (4) Urban Agglomeration in the Wuling Mountain Area of Southeast Chongqing. As an important ecological function area of the city, the Wuling Mountain Area in Southeast Chongqing aligns well with regional development requirements for hydrogen energy applications, with demand primarily concentrated in expressway trunk lines, industrial parks, and passenger and logistics transport. In terms of transportation trunk lines, the Southeast Chongqing region is a key period connecting Chongqing's main urban area with Hunan and Guizhou, with high traffic volumes on trunk highways such as the Baotou-Maoming Expressway and Chongqing-Hunan Expressway. With the promotion and application of hydrogen-powered heavy-duty trucks in long-distance freight transport, the demand for hydrogen refueling stations along these routes will grow annually, further strengthening the foundation for interprovincial hydrogen energy logistics corridors. Regarding industrial demand, regional industrial parks focus on clean energy and specialty agricultural product processing. As the concept of green manufacturing is deeply implemented, there is considerable potential for the application of hydrogen-powered forklifts and logistics vehicles, and the demand for hydrogen-powered heavy-duty trucks and stationary fuel cells within industrial parks will gradually be released. In passenger and logistics transport, with improvements in high-speed rail transportation in Southeast Chongqing, the tourism market is further activated, driving annual growth in demand for hydrogen energy applications such as tourist coaches and inter-county passenger vehicles. Areas like Qianjiang District and Xiushan County serve as commercial distribution hubs in the Wuling Mountain Area, where demand for hydrogen-powered refrigerated trucks and light-duty trucks (4.5 mt and below) in cold chain logistics and agricultural product transport will also be further released. Supporting the construction of hydrogen refueling facilities in this region can help build a green logistics system and effectively protect regional ecological functions. (5) Urban Agglomeration in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Northeast Chongqing. Located in an important ecological barrier area of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in Northeast Chongqing holds significant strategic importance. In terms of transportation trunk lines, national-level arteries such as the Shanghai-Chengdu Expressway and the Yinchuan-Baise Expressway, which run through the reservoir area, are core channels linking the Chengdu-Chongqing region's dual-city economic circle. The construction of hydrogen refueling stations in service areas along these routes will effectively support the cross-regional operation of hydrogen-powered vehicles, providing crucial support for establishing a regional hydrogen energy transportation network. Port logistics, the port hub areas such as Wanzhou District's Xintian Port and Zhong County's Xinsheng Port are core periods of the reservoir area's logistics system, with intensive operations and concentrated vehicles. Supporting the construction of hydrogen refueling facilities can not only meet the daily hydrogen demand of port operation vehicles (including hydrogen-powered heavy-duty trucks, forklifts, etc.), but also lead the transformation and upgrading of green ports. Industrial logistics, key industrial parks such as Wanzhou Economic Development Zone and Kaizhou High-tech Zone have large cargo turnover, and the application potential of hydrogen energy logistics vehicles is significant. The construction of hydrogen refueling stations will strongly promote cost reduction and efficiency improvement for logistics enterprises, accelerating the process of building a green logistics system. Ecological tourism, national-level tourist attractions such as the Yangtze River Three Gorges and Wushan Little Three Gorges have extremely high environmental protection requirements. Building hydrogen refueling infrastructure that matches the reception scale of the scenic areas can not only ensure the stable operation of new energy tourist vehicles, but also highlight the green development concept of ecological tourism. 2. Forecast of Vehicle Promotion Scale. Based on the analysis of hydrogen energy application scenarios in our city and the historical development trend of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, combined with industry development situation assessment and analysis, the city's hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are expected to reach 800 units in 2027, 2,000 units in 2030, and 4,000 units in 2035 (specific details are shown in Table 2). Table 2 Historical Vehicle Scale and Forecast of Promotion Scale Year Vehicle Scale (Existing/Forecast) Calculation Explanation 2020–2024 377 units Based on statistics from the fuel cell vehicle comprehensive operation and monitoring platform, average annual growth of 75 units 2025 477 units Growth of approximately 100 units in 2025 2027 800 units Driven by hydrogen energy industry development, estimated growth of 330 units over two years 2030 2,000 units Infrastructure gradually improves, estimated addition of 1,200 units over three years 2035 4,000 units Hydrogen energy high-speed trunk line scenarios mature, estimated growth of 2,000 units over five years 3. Hydrogen Refueling Demand Analysis. Based on the above analysis, the forecast for hydrogen refueling capacity demand is as follows: In 2027, regional demand such as the Chengdu-Chongqing Hydrogen Corridor and the Western Land-Sea New Corridor Hydrogen Corridor is expected to reach 4 million kg/year; in 2030, it is expected to reach 11 million kg/year; and in 2035, it is expected to reach 25 million kg/year (specific details are shown in Table 3). Table 3 Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle Hydrogen Demand Analysis Year Car Model Quantity (units) Hydrogen Consumption per 100 km (kg/100km) Annual Mileage (km) Annual Hydrogen Consumption (10,000 kg) Total Hydrogen Consumption (10,000 kg/year) 2027 Heavy-duty 49 mt 100 10 80,000 80 382 Heavy-duty 31 mt 200 8 80,000 128 Heavy-duty 18 mt 400 4.5 80,000 144 Other 100 3 100,000 30 2030 Heavy-duty 49 mt 300 9 100,000 270 1085 Heavy-duty 31 mt 550 7 100,000 385 Heavy-duty 18 mt 900 4 100,000 360 Other 250 2.8 100,000 70 2035 Heavy-duty 49 mt 1,500 9 100,000 1,350 2575 Heavy-duty 31 mt 1,000 7 100,000 700 Heavy-duty 18 mt 1,000 4 100,000 400 Other 500 2.5 100,000 125 Note: 1. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle models include heavy-duty 49 mt, heavy-duty 31 mt, heavy-duty 18 mt, and others; 2. The hydrogen demand for each car model = quantity × hydrogen consumption per 100 km × annual mileage ÷ 100000. II. General Requirements (I) Guiding Principles Adhering to the guidance of Xi Jinping's Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implementing the strategic deployment of "promoting clean, low-carbon, and efficient energy use" from the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, based on the new development stage, fully implementing the new development philosophy, focusing on high-quality development of the hydrogen industry, coordinating development and safety, and striving to build a reasonably laid out, demonstrative, clean, low-carbon, and safe and reliable hydrogen refueling network system. (II) Basic Principles — Coordinated planning, moderately ahead. Following the approach of "urban-rural integration, regional coordination, highlighting key points, and intensive efficiency," systematically promoting the construction and layout of hydrogen refueling stations and supporting facilities. Utilizing by-product hydrogen from nearby industries, actively expanding renewable energy-based hydrogen production, supporting the renovation and expansion of existing gas (oil) stations and integrated energy service stations into hydrogen refueling stations, and building a hydrogen refueling station network system that adapts to the distribution of demand, road and station conditions, and the spatial pattern of urbanization. — Market-led, government-guided. Fully leveraging the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, establishing and improving the market-oriented mechanism for the construction and operation of hydrogen refueling stations, guiding and encouraging various market entities to actively participate. Better playing the role of the government, deepening various support policies, strengthening innovation-driven development, intensifying core technology breakthroughs, focusing on key technologies such as integrated hydrogen production and refueling stations and high-pressure storage and transportation, aiming to reduce the cost of hydrogen application, and enhancing the benefits of hydrogen use. — Safety first, standardized development. Adhering to the principle of "safety first, prevention foremost, comprehensive management," strictly enforcing the Technical Standard for Automotive Gasoline, Gas, and Hydrogen Refueling Stations (GB 50156—2021), Safety Technical Specifications for Hydrogen Refueling Stations (GB/T 34584—2017), and other standard requirements, establishing and improving the full life cycle safety management system for hydrogen refueling stations. — Ecological priority, green development. Strengthening full life cycle environmental management, strictly enforcing environmental impact assessment and the "three simultaneous" system, avoiding ecologically sensitive areas, coordinating the systematic prevention and control of air, water, noise, and solid waste pollution, enhancing risk prevention and emergency response capabilities, promoting green and low-carbon transformation, and achieving coordinated development of economic benefits and ecological protection. (III) Planning Basis Urban and Rural Planning Law of the People's Republic of China Chongqing Urban and Rural Planning Regulations Medium and Long-Term Plan for Hydrogen Energy Industry Development (2021-2035) Outline of the Chengdu-Chongqing Dual-City Economic Circle Construction Plan Implementation Plan for High-Quality Construction of the Western Land-Sea New Passage during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period Chongqing Master Plan for Territorial Space (2021-2035) Chongqing Development Plan for Building a World-Class Intelligent Connected New Energy Vehicle Industry Cluster (2022-2030) Chongqing Expressway Network Plan (2023-2035) Guidance on the Development of Chongqing's Hydrogen Fuel Cell Automotive Industry Action Plan for Comprehensive Green Transformation of Economic and Social Development (2025-2027) Technical Standard for Automotive Gasoline, Gas, and Hydrogen Refueling Stations (GB 50156—2021) Safety Technical Specifications for Hydrogen Refueling Stations (GB/T 34584—2017) General Requirements for Hydrogen Refueling Stations (GB/T 43674—2024) Technical Specifications for Hydrogen Refueling Stations (GB 50516—2010, revised in 2021) In addition to the above documents, this plan also referred to other relevant laws and regulations during its formulation. (IV) Development Goals --Development Scale. With the core objective of establishing a comprehensive hydrogen refueling network, the plan will be implemented in phases to build a modern hydrogen refueling infrastructure system characterized by a "well-developed network, supply-demand adaptation, and intelligent safety." This system will provide solid support for the large-scale promotion and application of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and comprehensively empower the high-quality development of the hydrogen energy industry. By 2035, the city plans to build 60 new hydrogen refueling stations (details are shown in Table 4), bringing the cumulative total to 72 stations, with a hydrogen supply capability reaching 25 million kg/year. --Planning Layout. Centered on the "Two Corridors and Six Trunk Lines" as the core framework (specific layout details are provided in Table 5) and supported by hub stations, the plan aims to build a comprehensive and efficiently connected hydrogen refueling service network. Key efforts will focus on advancing the construction of the "Two Major" key corridors: first, the Chengdu-Chongqing Hydrogen Corridor, primarily covering areas along the Chengdu-Chongqing, Chongqing-Chengdu, and Chengdu-Suining-Chongqing Expressways; second, the New Western Land-Sea Corridor Hydrogen Corridor, focusing on layout along the Chongqing-Guizhou-Guangxi Expressway. Concurrently, construction of hydrogen refueling stations along important logistics channels such as the Chongqing-Hunan Expressway and Chongqing-Yichang Expressway will be promoted, ultimately forming a trunk hydrogen refueling service network that connects the city's main urban areas, key industrial parks, and core logistics hubs, achieving extensive coverage and efficient supply of hydrogen refueling services. --Phased Implementation. The plan defines construction tasks across three key phases. From 2025 to 2027, the focus will be on completing the construction of 10 new hydrogen refueling stations, achieving a daily hydrogen supply capacity of 15,000 kg, and initially establishing a regional hydrogen refueling service infrastructure network. From 2028 to 2030, construction scale will continue to expand, adding 20 new hydrogen refueling stations, increasing the daily hydrogen supply capacity to 40,000 kg, and further enhancing service coverage. From 2031 to 2035, the plan aims to complete the challenging task of building 30 new hydrogen refueling stations, pushing the daily hydrogen supply capacity beyond 70,000 kg, and fully achieving the overall construction goals. Table 4 Hydrogen Refueling Station Planning Layout, 2025-2035 No. Region Quantity (Unit) Daily Hydrogen Refueling Capacity (kg/station) Key Layout Planning 1 Rongchang District 2 1,000-2,000 Along Chengdu-Chongqing Expressway Chengdu-Chongqing Hydrogen Corridor 2 Dazu District 2 1,000-2,000 Along Chongqing-Chengdu Expressway 3 Shapingba District 2 1,000-2,000 Along Chongqing-Chengdu Expressway 4 Tongnan District 3 1,000-2,000 Along Chengdu-Suining-Chongqing Expressway, Tongnan High-tech Zone Industrial Park 5 Tongliang District 3 1,000-2,000 Along Chengdu-Suining-Chongqing Expressway, Tongliang Industrial Park 6 Qijiang District 2 1,000-2,000 Along Chongqing-Guizhou Expressway, Industrial Park New Western Land-Sea Corridor Hydrogen Corridor 7 Liangjiang New Area 5 1,000-2,000 Guoyuan Port, Cuntan Bonded Port, Huixing Industrial Park, etc. Central Urban Area 8 Chongqing High-tech Zone of Western Science City 2 1,000-2,000 Xiyong Industrial Park, Yunan Logistics Base 9 Jiulongpo District 4 1,000-2,000 Jiulong New City Area, Taojia Area, Tongguanyi Area, Huangqian Area 10 Beibei District 2 500-1,000 Along G5001 Ring Expressway 11 Dadukou District 1 500-1,000 Jianqiao Industrial Park 12 Banan District 3 1,000-2,000 Nanpeng Trade Logistics Base, Longzhouwan 13 Nanan District 1 1,000-2,000 Naxigou Port 14 Jiangjin District 3 1,000-2,000 Luohuang Port, Baisha Industrial Park, Shuangfu Area Western Chongqing Area 15 Yongchuan District 2 1,000-2,000 Yongchuan Industrial Park, Gangqiao Logistics Park, Along Jianglu North Line of Chongqing-Luzhou Expressway 16 Bishan District 2 500-1,000 Green Low-Carbon Materials Industrial Park, Taiwanese Business Industrial Park 17 Hechuan District 1 500-1,000 Weituo Logistics Park 18 Fuling District 2 500-1,000 Baitao Industrial Park, Lidu New District Industrial Park Eastern Chongqing New City 19 Nanchuan District 1 500-1,000 Nanchuan Industrial Park 20 Changshou District 2 1,000-2,000 Changshou Industrial Park, Chuanwei Wharf 21 Dianjiang County 1 500-1,000 Along Chongqing-Wanzhou Expressway 22 Qianjiang District 1 1,000-2,000 Zhengyang Logistics Base, Southeast Chongqing Smart Commerce and Logistics Park Southeast Chongqing Wuling Mountain Area 23 Wulong District 1 500-1,000 Wulong Industrial Park 24 Xiushan County 2 1,000-2,000 Xiushan (Wuling) Modern Logistics Park, Xiushan Industrial Park 25 Shizhu County 1 500-1,000 Along G50 Shanghai-Chongqing Expressway 26 Wanzhou District 2 1,000-2,000 Along Chongqing-Wanzhou Expressway Northeast Chongqing Three Gorges Reservoir Area 27 Kaizhou District 1 500-1,000 Kaizhou High-tech Zone 28 Liangping District 1 500-1,000 Liangping Industrial Park 29 Chengkou County 1 500-1,000 Chengkou County Industrial Park 30 Fengdu County 1 500-1,000 Fengdu Industrial Park 31 Zhong County 1 500-1,000 Xinsheng Port Logistics Park 32 Fengjie County 1 500-1,000 Fengjie Ecological Industrial Park 33 Wushan County 1 1,000-2,000 Wushan Industrial Park Total 60 Table 5 Hydrogen Refueling Network System Construction Hydrogen Refueling Network System – Two Corridors and Six Trunk Lines Hydrogen Corridor Expressway Trunk Line Region Number of Hydrogen Refueling Stations Chengdu-Chongqing Hydrogen Corridor Chengdu-Suining-Chongqing Expressway Beibei District, Hechuan District, Tongliang District, Tongnan District 9 Chongqing-Chengdu Expressway Shapingba District, Bishan District, Dazu District 6 Chengdu-Chongqing Expressway Nanan District, Jiulongpo District, Chongqing High-tech Zone of Western Science City, Dadukou District, Jiangjin District, Yongchuan District, Rongchang District 15 New Western Land-Sea Corridor Hydrogen Corridor Chongqing-Guizhou-Guangxi Expressway Banan District, Qijiang District 5 — Chongqing-Yichang Expressway Liangjiang New Area, Changshou District, Dianjiang County, Liangping District, Wanzhou District, Yunyang County, Fengjie County, Wushan County 13 — Chongqing-Hunan Expressway Banan District, Nanchuan District, Wulong District, Pengshui County, Qianjiang District, Youyang County, Xiushan County 5 Other Areas Fuling District, Chengkou County, Fengdu County, Zhong County, Shizhu County, Kaizhou District 7 Planning Notes: 1. This plan fully incorporates the opinions of the people's governments of various districts and counties (autonomous counties), relevant municipal departments, and the general public, and comprehensively considers factors such as station coverage, transportation radius, and industry regulatory requirements. 2. During the planning period, adjustments will be made in a timely manner based on technological advancements, market demand matching, and industry development needs. III. Planning Implementation Safeguards (I) Strengthening Organizational Leadership and Overall Coordination The Municipal Commission of Economy and Information Technology takes the lead in formulating the development plan for the hydrogen refueling station industry, responsible for overall coordination, supervision, and guidance to promote the implementation, construction, and operational oversight of the plan in various districts and counties. Each district and county must earnestly fulfill their local management responsibilities, enhance inter-departmental coordination and communication, and ensure all tasks are implemented effectively; responsible for dynamic tracking and analytical evaluation of plan implementation, keeping real-time track of task progress, with districts and counties cooperating in providing relevant information and ensuring work continuity; based on actual market development conditions, collaborate with districts and counties to conduct dynamic adjustments or revisions to the layout and quantity of hydrogen refueling stations in accordance with procedures, ensuring the plan is scientific, reasonable, and practical. (II) Improving Policy Support and Resource Guarantees Strengthen policy support, build a multi-dimensional policy system covering approval management, planning and construction, operational services, and financial support, increase funding support, and encourage and guide social capital to participate in the hydrogen energy industry through multiple channels; each district and county should, in line with the industry development plan and local realities, coordinate site selection for hydrogen refueling stations within their jurisdiction with territorial spatial planning to ensure effective land use. Support the renovation and expansion of existing refueling and gas stations to include hydrogen facilities, creating comprehensive energy service stations; explore diversified construction pathways, encourage the construction of integrated hydrogen production and refueling stations using multiple technological approaches in suitable areas, with a focus on demonstrating integrated hydrogen production and refueling station projects, including those using fossil fuels and renewable energy electrolysis. All parties should work together to promote industry integration and enhance the service efficiency of hydrogen energy infrastructure. (III) Standardizing Construction, Operation, and Safety Supervision Accelerate the formulation and improvement of supporting measures for station construction approval, acceptance filing, and operational management, clarify the operational licensing system, and establish a sound market access and regular supervision mechanism. Strictly adhere to standards such as the "Technical Standard for Automobile Refueling, Gas, and Hydrogen Refueling Stations" (GB 50156—2021) and the "Technical Code for Hydrogen Refueling Stations" (GB 50516—2010, revised in 2021), and improve local standards and implementation rules for construction management, operational safety, and dedicated refueling equipment based on actual conditions. Each district and county should focus on the entire life cycle of hydrogen refueling stations—"construction-operation-decommissioning"—strengthen safety control throughout the entire process of hydrogen compression, storage, transportation, and refueling, and strictly implement the environmental impact assessment and the "three simultaneities" system for safety and environmental protection facilities; guide and supervise enterprises in improving emergency response plans for unexpected incidents, enhance fire safety, personnel training, and emergency response capabilities, reinforce enterprises' primary responsibility for production safety, and form a collaborative regulatory framework between the city and districts. To support comprehensive safety supervision and industry services, the operational data of hydrogen refueling stations will be connected to the fuel cell vehicle integrated operation and monitoring platform in accordance with the "Public Data Collection Specification for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle Demonstration Operations."

Prior to the upcoming 2025 SMM APAC Lead-Acid Battery Industry Conference, organized by Shanghai Metals Market (SMM), SMM led a delegation on a corporate visit to Thang Long Metallurgy Company Limited for exchange and insights.

On October 21, the APAC (10th) Ni-Cr-Mn Stainless Steel & New Energy Conference 2025, hosted by SMM Information & Technology Co., Ltd. (SMM), successfully concluded in Xiamen, Fujian!

Recently, the State Council Information Office held a press conference themed "Completing the 14th Five-Year Plan with High Quality." Xu Dachun, Vice Minister of Natural Resources and Director of the China Geological Survey, revealed that the preliminary assessment of the Dadonggou Gold Mine in Liaoning Province indicates nearly 1,500 metric tons of gold resources, making it expected to become another world-class gold mine in China after the Jiaodong Gold Mine in Shandong. Major Breakthrough in Prospecting! China Expected to Add Another World-Class Gold Mine During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China achieved major breakthroughs in oil, gas, and uranium prospecting: A comprehensive survey was conducted on the quantity, distribution, and development status of 163 mineral types with verified resource reserves. 534 large and medium-sized oil and gas fields and mineral deposits were newly discovered, with significant breakthroughs in the exploration and development of strategic mineral resources such as oil, gas, copper, and lithium. 10 large oil fields and 19 large gas fields were confirmed. Deep layers of large basins and deep-water offshore areas became the main sites for increasing oil and gas reserves and production, supporting stable oil output of 200 million metric tons and natural gas production exceeding 240 billion cubic meters. Multiple large uranium deposits were newly identified, effectively enhancing the security of uranium resource supply. For bulk minerals, substantial increases in reserves were achieved at the Xiaoyi Bauxite Mine in Shanxi, the Jiaodong Gold Mine in Shandong, and the Anben Iron Mine in Liaoning. Meanwhile, new resource bases are emerging. The preliminary assessment of the Dadonggou Gold Mine in Liaoning indicates nearly 1,500 metric tons of gold resources, making it expected to become another world-class gold mine in China after the Jiaodong Gold Mine in Shandong. Lithium mines are core resources for NEVs. An "Asian Lithium Belt" spanning 2,800 kilometers across Sichuan, Qinghai, Tibet, and Xinjiang has been discovered, along with multiple large and super-large lithium mines. Global Leader in Greening! China’s Natural Resource Base Strengthened According to reports, China has continuously carried out surveys and monitoring, resulting in a more substantial natural resource base. As of the end of 2024: The national arable land area reached 1.94 billion mu, an increase of 28 million mu from 2020, firmly maintaining the red line for farmland protection. The retention rate of natural coastline on the mainland remained above 35%. In 2024, the gross ocean product reached 10.5 trillion yuan, an increase of 2.7 trillion yuan from 2020. Forest coverage reached 25.09%, an increase of about 2 percentage points from 2020, making China the country with the most and fastest greening globally; forest stock volume reached 20.988 billion cubic meters, achieving the 2030 target for the National Determined Contributions to climate change ahead of schedule. The excellent condition rate of typical marine ecosystems such as coral reefs improved to over 60%, and mangrove area reached 465,000 mu, making China one of the few countries globally with a net increase in mangrove area. The first batch of five national parks was established, covering nearly 30% of terrestrial nationally protected wildlife and plant species.