The 2nd SMM Southeast Asia Automotive Supply Chain Conference 2025 was successfully held, featuring the on-site launch of 10 new car models, the Southeast Asia brand strategies of three automakers, and SMM Thailand local steel prices. It facilitated efficient negotiations between 12+ buyers and 60+ suppliers, and preliminarily established a communication platform for the entire Southeast Asia automotive industry chain. At present, the NEV industry in Southeast Asia is entering a critical stage of development. Thailand, Indonesia, and Vietnam each have their own deployments and breakthroughs, while the industry also faces challenges such as supply chain restructuring, competition among technology pathways, and localization compliance. With support from all parties, SMM’s local pricing systems in Thailand and Indonesia have been implemented and adopted by core enterprises, establishing a credible cost benchmark for the industry. The 3rd conference in 2026 will focus on three core priorities: exploring the sales potential of new energy vehicles in Southeast Asia; opening up the last mile of the supply chain and integrating regional industry resources; upgrading SMM Southeast Asia metal quotations from price references to trading benchmarks, implementing procurement applications for electrification materials, and establishing an executable pricing system. We firmly believe that real progress comes from turning consensus into action. At this conference, sincerely invites you to gather again in Bangkok to jointly turn the strategic blueprint into market competitive advantages, and to witness and participate in this extraordinary and far-reaching industry event, creating a brilliant new chapter together! Click to register now. Booth No.: B02 Delivering Power, Delivering Value LANDAI Technology 1996: Establishment 2015: Listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange 2025: Thailand Plant Establishment Products Automotive transmission gear, shaft, balance shaft, EV reducer Employees: 5,000+ Sales : RMB 3 billion Plant Location Chongqing, China Ma’anshan, China Huizhou, China Chonburi, Thailand LANDAI Technology Contact Information Contact www.cqld.com Contact: Frank Xiang Tel: +86-135 2755 6915 Email: frank@cqld.com Contact: Wei Huang 8393 4378 Email: huangw@cqldai.com Contact Us Yan Caowei 15618581967 yancaowei@smm.cn

The 2025 2nd SMM Southeast Asia Automotive Supply Chain Conference was successfully held, featuring the release of 10 new car models, Southeast Asia brand strategies from three automakers, and SMM Thailand local steel prices. The event facilitated efficient matchmaking between 12+ buyers and 60+ suppliers, preliminarily establishing a communication platform for the entire industry chain of Southeast Asian automotive. Currently, the Southeast Asian NEV industry is entering a critical development phase, with Thailand, Indonesia, and Vietnam each making their own strategic moves and breakthroughs, while the industry also faces challenges such as supply chain restructuring, technology route competition, and localization compliance. Thanks to the support from all parties, SMM's Thailand and Indonesia local pricing systems have been implemented and adopted by core enterprises, establishing a credible cost benchmark for the industry. The 2026 3rd Conference will focus on three core themes: exploring the NEV auto sales potential in Southeast Asia; connecting the last mile of the supply chain and integrating regional industry chain resources; and advancing SMM Southeast Asia metal pricing from a price reference to a transaction benchmark, implementing electrification material procurement applications and establishing an executable pricing system. We firmly believe that true progress comes from turning consensus into action. At this conference, Shenzhen Joinunion Technology Co., Ltd. sincerely invites you to gather again in Bangkok, to jointly transform strategic blueprints into market competitive advantages, to witness and participate in this extraordinary and far-reaching industry event, and to co-create a brilliant new chapter! Click the to register now. Powering Homes and Roads Ahead Union Industry (Hong Kong) Holding Co. , Limited is a professional global supplier of components, focused on meeting the supply chain needs of multinational companies' industrial products. The company has developed a business model driven by a dual engine of '1+6' advanced manufacturing and manufacturing value-added services. By integrating global resources, it provides comprehensive services to customers, becoming a reliable partner for many international companies. To be a global leader in components and sub-assemblies, driving value through manufacturing excellence and end-to-end supply chain management. Process Process Integrated Fine Blanking Post-processing Solution Integrated Post-processing Solution Fine Blanking → Deburring → Sizing → Heat Treatment → Surface Coating → Cleaning → Inspection Clients We Work With Customer We Work With Contact Contact Shirley Wang M: +86 18573109058 E: shirley.wang@unindasia.com Contact Us Yan Caowei 15618581967 yancaowei@smm.cn

On May 8, scientists at King's College London in the UK developed a powerful new-type aluminum compound whose unique triangular structure endows it with extraordinary stability and reactivity, enabling it to replace expensive rare metals and thereby significantly reduce costs. This discovery is expected to give rise to more environmentally friendly and economical industrial processes, and even create entirely new materials. The related findings were published in the latest issue of *Nature Communications*.

Driven by the Middle East conflict pushing up energy costs and inflation persistently exceeding expectations, Goldman Sachs postponed the timing of the US Fed's next two interest rate cuts by one quarter each, and market expectations for monetary policy easing cooled again.Goldman Sachs US economists, in a report dated May 8, pushed back their expectations for the US Fed's next two interest rate cuts to December 2026 and March 2027, respectively, each delayed by one quarter from previous forecasts. Goldman Sachs believes that the pass-through effects of energy costs will keep core PCE inflation close to 3% throughout the year, well above the US Fed's 2% policy target, making conditions for interest rate cuts difficult to materialize.

SMM May 9 News: Metals market: Overnight domestic market base metals mostly fell. SHFE copper rose 0.53%. SHFE aluminum fell 0.16%, SHFE lead fell 0.15%. SHFE zinc fell 1.19%. SHFE tin fell 1.13%. SHFE nickel fell 0.67%. In addition, the most-traded alumina futures contract fell 1.37%, and foundry aluminum continuous contract fell 0.24%. Overnight ferrous metals mostly fell. Iron ore was flat at 816.5 yuan/mt, stainless steel fell 1.05%, rebar edged up slightly, and hot-rolled coil rose 0.14%. Coking coal and coke: coking coal fell 0.39%, coke fell 0.43%. Overnight overseas market metals: LME base metals showed mixed performance. LME copper rose 1.59%. LME aluminum rose 0.34%, LME lead was flat at $1,977.5/mt. LME zinc fell 0.17%. LME tin fell 1.26%. LME nickel fell 0.89%. Overnight precious metals : COMEX gold rose 0.27%, COMEX gold gained 1.71% on a weekly basis; COMEX silver rose 0.82%, COMEX silver gained 5.76% for the week. Overnight SHFE gold continuous contract fell 0.21%, with its weekly gain at 3.24%; SHFE silver continuous contract rose 0.09%, with SHFE silver gaining 11.4% on a weekly basis. As of 8:39 AM on May 9, overnight closing prices: Macro front China: [General Administration of Customs: China's goods trade imports and exports grew 14.9% in the first 4 months, with electromechanical product exports up 17.6%] According to customs statistics, in the first 4 months of 2026, China's total goods trade imports and exports reached 16.23 trillion yuan, up 14.9% YoY (the same hereinafter). Of this, exports were 9.33 trillion yuan, up 11.3%; imports were 6.9 trillion yuan, up 20%. In April, China's total goods trade imports and exports were 4.38 trillion yuan, up 14.2%. Of this, exports were 2.48 trillion yuan, up 9.8%; imports were 1.9 trillion yuan, up 20.6%. [Four departments: Explore direct-connection power supply from nuclear and hydrogen energy to computing facilities, continuously increase the share of green electricity in computing facilities] The Plan proposes enhancing the diversified power supply capacity for computing facilities. Based on actual conditions such as the scale of computing facility grid connections, power grid voltage levels, power grid new energy penetration rates, power quality requirements, and computing facility business types, standards for energy supply planning and construction of computing facilities are to be established and improved. It explores direct-connection power supply from nuclear energy, hydrogen energy, and other energy sources to computing facilities. Encouraging computing power facilities to be equipped with grid-forming ESS to enhance power supply stability and active support capability for the power system. [Three Departments Issued the "Implementation Opinions on Standardized Application and Innovative Development of Intelligent Agents"] The Cyberspace Administration of China, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly issued the "Implementation Opinions on Standardized Application and Innovative Development of Intelligent Agents." The Implementation Opinions clarified that the development of intelligent agents should adhere to the basic principles of safety and controllability, standardized and orderly development, innovation-driven approach, and application-led guidance, and proposed measures in four areas: First, consolidating the development foundation, improving the technology base, and building standards and protocols. Second, safeguarding the safety bottom line, clarifying product guidelines, preventing safety risks, improving governance systems, and strengthening industry self-discipline. Third, strengthening application-led guidance, proposing 19 typical application scenarios around scientific research, industrial development, consumption stimulation, people's well-being, and social governance. Fourth, building an innovation ecosystem, promoting industrial cooperation, and strengthening application promotion. [China's April Warehousing Index Remained in Expansion Territory, Warehousing Industry Continued Stable and Positive Trend] The China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing released the April China Warehousing Index today (9th). The index continued to stay in expansion territory, with the warehousing industry maintaining a stable and positive operating trend. The April China Warehousing Index was 51%, remaining in expansion territory for two consecutive months. In terms of sub-indices, the new orders index, facility utilization rate index, and ending inventory index remained in expansion, while the average inventory turnover index maintained a relatively high prosperity level, indicating steady growth in warehousing business demand, good cargo turnover efficiency, and smooth supply chain connectivity. By product category, the peak production and construction season drove a rebound in warehousing demand for bulk commodities such as chemicals, coal, and machinery equipment, while Labour Day holiday stockpiling boosted notable growth in warehousing demand for consumer goods such as food, home appliances, and agricultural by-products. In terms of market expectations, the April business activity expectations index was 55.1%, remaining at a relatively high level, reflecting that enterprises maintained optimistic expectations. Overall, the warehousing industry operated steadily in April, market vitality continued to be released, and Q2 got off to a good start. (CCTV) [Shanghai Shipping Exchange (SSE): Geopolitical Situation Tended to Stabilize, Freight Rates Rose on Most Routes] The Shanghai Shipping Exchange (SSE) stated in its weekly report that the ceasefire in the Middle East military conflict continued, with the geopolitical situation remaining relatively stable, though the future situation still faced significant uncertainty. This week, China's export container shipping market remained stable, with freight rates on most routes edging up, driving the composite index higher. On May 8, the Shanghai Export Containerized Freight Index (SCFI) stood at 1,954.21 points, up 2.2% from the previous period. US Dollar: The US dollar index fell 0.43% overnight, closing at 97.86. On a weekly basis, the US dollar index posted its second consecutive weekly decline, down 0.36% for the week. Data released by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics on Friday showed that non-farm payrolls increased by 115,000 in April, marking the first consecutive growth in nearly a year and the largest two-month gain since 2024, far exceeding the median forecast of 65,000 from economists surveyed by Bloomberg. March data was also revised up to 185,000. The unemployment rate remained unchanged at 4.3%, in line with expectations. (Wallstreetcn) "Fed whisperer" Nick Timiraos: An increasing number of sell-side institutions and Fed watchers are removing or postponing interest rate cut expectations from their outlooks, including several forecasters who adjusted their views after the April non-farm payrolls data release. Currently, half of them believe there will be no interest rate cuts this year (given the inertia of such forecasts, this camp is likely to continue to grow). Additionally, Chicago Fed President Goolsbee stated that all interest rate options are currently on the table, not just rate cuts. At the end of April, the US Fed kept interest rates unchanged, with three officials opposing language in the statement that hinted the next move could be a rate cut, arguing that the possibility of a rate hike should be preserved. Goolsbee's remarks reflected a shift among Fed policymakers — no longer considering near-term rate cuts, primarily due to the energy price shock triggered by the Iran war pushing up inflation. He reiterated that both rate cuts and rate hikes are on the table, and expressed anxiety about inflation, noting that price pressures exist beyond the energy shock. (Jin10 Data) As consumers worried about the impact of inflation on personal finances and purchasing conditions, US consumer confidence fell to a new all-time low in recent weeks. University of Michigan data showed that the preliminary May consumer sentiment index fell to 48.2 from 49.8 in April. Consumers expected prices to rise at an annual rate of 4.5% over the next year, a slight pullback MoM; longer-term inflation expectations for the next 5 to 10 years stood at 3.4%. As Americans' anxiety over overall living costs intensified, compounded by a sharp rise in gasoline prices, consumer confidence remained subdued. Data from the American Automobile Association (AAA) showed that the average US gasoline price this week surpassed $4.50 per gallon for the first time since July 2022, having risen more than 50% since the outbreak of the Iran war. Survey director Joanne Hsu stated: "About one-third of consumers voluntarily mentioned gasoline prices, and about 30% mentioned tariff concerns."Overall, consumers continued to feel the impact of cost pressure, with the primary driver being surging gasoline prices. "The May preliminary current conditions index fell to 47.8, hitting a record low; the expectations index rebounded for the first time since January. Consumers' assessment of their own current financial situation dropped to the lowest level since 2009, and the buying conditions indicator also fell to a five-month low. (Jin10 Data) On the macro front: Data to be released next week include: China April CPI YoY, China April PPI YoY, US April existing home sales annualized, Germany April CPI MoM final, Germany May ZEW Economic Sentiment Index, Eurozone May ZEW Economic Sentiment Index, US April NFIB Small Business Optimism Index, US weekly ADP employment change for the week ending April 25, US April CPI YoY (non-seasonally adjusted), US April seasonally adjusted CPI MoM, US April seasonally adjusted core CPI MoM, US April core CPI YoY (non-seasonally adjusted), Japan March trade balance, France Q1 ILO unemployment rate, France April CPI MoM final, Eurozone Q1 GDP YoY revised, Eurozone Q1 seasonally adjusted employment QoQ final, Eurozone March industrial output MoM, US April PPI YoY, US April PPI MoM, UK Q1 GDP YoY preliminary, UK March three-month GDP MoM, UK March manufacturing output MoM, Canada March wholesale sales MoM, US initial jobless claims for the week ending May 9, US April retail sales MoM, US April import price index MoM, US May NY Fed Manufacturing Index, US April industrial output MoM, and China April total electricity consumption YoY (TBD). In addition, key events to watch next week include: US Treasury Secretary Bessent visiting Japan to meet with the Japanese Prime Minister, central bank governor, and finance minister; the Bank of Japan releasing the summary of opinions from its April monetary policy meeting; FOMC permanent voting member and NY Fed President Williams participating in a panel discussion on monetary policy; Chicago Fed President Goolsbee participating in a Q&A session hosted by a local chamber of commerce; 2028 FOMC voting member and Boston Fed President Collins speaking at the Boston Economic Club; 2026 FOMC voting member and Minneapolis Fed President Kashkari participating in a discussion hosted by a local chamber of commerce; the Bank of Canada releasing its monetary policy meeting minutes; 2026 FOMC voting member and Dallas Fed President Logan participating in a dialogue on the energy sector; 2026 FOMC voting member and Cleveland Fed President Hammack delivering opening remarks at an online discussion on central bank independence; US Fed Governor Barr delivering a speech; FOMC permanent voting member and NY Fed President Williams participating in a discussion; and the National Energy Administration releasing total electricity consumption data around the 15th of each month. Crude oil: Overnight, the two benchmark oil futures moved sideways, with WTI down 0.14% and Brent up 0.19%. On a weekly basis: WTI futures declined for the week, falling 7.12%; Brent also declined for the week, falling 7.32%. Middle East conflicts have resurfaced, and market concerns over the fragility of ceasefire agreements persist. A CMG reporter learned on the 8th that ship-tracking data showed that as of the morning of the 8th local time, no large vessels had transited the Strait of Hormuz in the past 24 hours. This reportedly marked the second consecutive day since the 7th that no large commercial vessels had passed through the strait. (CCTV) US energy services company Baker Hughes said in its closely watched report that US energy enterprises increased oil and natural gas rig counts for the third consecutive week, marking the first three-week streak of increases since early February. Data showed that for the week ending May 8, the total US oil and natural gas rig count, a leading indicator of future production, increased by 1 to 548, the highest since early April. (Webstock Inc.) According to foreign media reports, sources said that since shipping through the Strait of Hormuz was disrupted, enterprises including Aramco Trading and Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (Adnoc) of the UAE have continued to transport crude oil cargoes through the strait. Although current shipment volumes represent only a fraction of what they were before Iran closed this oil route nearly 10 weeks ago, the actions of both companies serve as a reminder to the market that some supply can still reach global markets. Sources said Adnoc was among the first companies to attempt moving crude oil, fuel, and natural gas cargoes out through the strait. The company supplied clients with Upper Zakum crude, a grade typically loaded at Zirku Island, but in this case delivered in Fujairah waters outside the Persian Gulf. According to Vortexa data, at the end of April, a very large crude carrier (VLCC) loaded with Abu Dhabi crude turned off its transponder and transited the Strait of Hormuz out of the Persian Gulf. Kpler data showed that as of Thursday, another VLCC, Fujairah Energy, remained anchored near Abu Dhabi waters, carrying a half-load of crude obtained from Zirku Island via ship-to-ship transfer. A chartering agreement showed that the vessel had been temporarily chartered by Adnoc and plans to load crude between May 15 and 17 for delivery to Asia. (Jin10 Data) Citi stated: The current base-case scenario projects an average Brent crude price of $110 in Q2 2026, followed by a decline to $95 in Q3 and $80 in Q4. Fitch expects Brent crude prices to remain at $100–$110 per barrel from May to July during the Strait of Hormuz blockade, before pulling back to $70 per barrel by September. In addition, JPMorgan analysts stated that US gasoline prices "could very well" rise to $5 per gallon as refineries prioritize jet fuel production at the expense of other products. The analyst team noted in a Friday report that in Asia, currently the region hardest hit by the energy crisis, the price shock triggered by the Iran war is transmitting significantly faster through refined product markets such as jet fuel and diesel than through the crude oil market. If refinery operations continue to be constrained by limited crude oil supply, fuel prices could become "the primary transmission channel for demand destruction." "In this scenario, crude oil prices could still stabilize around $100 per barrel even as refined product crack spreads widen significantly. At that point, the next phase of the shock would no longer resemble a traditional crude oil price surge, but rather a refining and end-user fuel supply crisis." The product most visibly impacted at present is jet fuel, which is prompting refineries to maximize jet fuel output as much as possible, and this typically means diesel production declines. The chain reaction has also spread to gasoline production. Analysts said: "This may explain why US gasoline prices have already risen to $4.55 per gallon, and also why the risk of gasoline prices reaching $5 can no longer be ignored." (Jin10 Data) Recommended Reading:

[SMM Analysis]Weak Supply and Demand, Cost Support: ADC12 Prices in Narrow-Range Doldrums

In Q1 2026, China's hydrogen energy industry officially moved beyond the concept verification phase and fully entered a new stage of large-scale development. Two landmark events—the commissioning of Xinjiang Sunion Energy’s coke oven gas hydrogen production project and the cumulative hydrogen refueling volume exceeding 10,000 kilograms at the Batuta heavy-haul railway hydrogen refueling station in Inner Mongolia—have validated the core industry trend of cost reduction, scenario expansion and regional agglomeration from the two dimensions of low-cost hydrogen supply and diversified application scenarios respectively. I. Market Status: Accelerated Large-scale Development, Dual Breakthroughs in Supply and Application Hydrogen production capacity has achieved leapfrog growth, with Northwest and North China emerging as core agglomeration hubs. Driven by the dual-carbon strategy, China’s hydrogen production capacity has seen explosive growth. As of the end of March 2026, the completed and under-construction renewable energy hydrogen production capacity across China has surpassed 1 million tons per annum, among which the operational capacity exceeds 250,000 tons per annum, more than doubling compared with the end of 2024. The industrial layout shows a high geographical concentration; Northwest and North China have become core clusters by virtue of resource endowments.Jilin (over 90,000 tons per annum) and Inner Mongolia (over 80,000 tons per annum) have registered rapid development. The operational hydrogen production capacity in Northeast China accounts for 45.7% of the national total, shaping the initial industrial pattern of hydrogen supply from west to east and hydrogen transmission from north to south . The supply structure continues to optimize, and industrial by-product hydrogen production has become the mainstay of low-cost hydrogen supply. Currently, profound adjustments are taking place in China’s hydrogen supply structure. Boasting low cost and waste-to-energy advantages, industrial by-product hydrogen production has become the most economical pathway at this stage. Purifying hydrogen from coal chemical by-product coke oven gas features nearly zero raw material cost, perfectly matching cost-sensitive industrial scenarios. Meanwhile, driven by technological iteration, the cost of green hydrogen in multiple regions of Northwest China has dropped to 12–15 RMB per kilogram, gradually approaching the cost of gray hydrogen and laying a foundation for long-term low-carbon hydrogen supply. Application scenarios have evolved from demonstration to diversification, with industry and transportation acting as core growth engines. The year 2026 is regarded as the inaugural year for large-scale industrial application of hydrogen energy, with scenarios expanding rapidly into in-depth application fields. In the transportation sector, the commercial operation of hydrogen heavy-duty trucks has matured, with a thousand-unit scale put into operation in Lvliang, Shanxi. The launch of hydrogen refueling stations for heavy-haul railways fills the gap in carbon emission reduction for rail transit. In the industrial sector, a closed-loop model of on-site hydrogen production and consumption via by-product purification has taken shape among chemical enterprises. Industrial decarbonization has replaced transportation as the core driving force for industry growth. II. Recent Project Highlights: Two Benchmark Projects Accurately Align with Market Trends Xinjiang Sunion Energy’s coke oven gas hydrogen production project sets a model for industrial by-product hydrogen production. Recently, Xinjiang Sunion Energy’s 5,000 Nm³/h green hydrogen production project using coke oven gas was fully put into operation. The project converts waste industrial coke oven gas into high-purity clean hydrogen, realizing waste recycling and effectively solving exhaust emission problems, while supplying low-cost hydrogen to methanol plants. Furthermore, it provides a replicable development model for coal chemical agglomeration areas in Northwest China and boosts regional hydrogen supply capacity. The Batuta Hydrogen Refueling Station in Inner Mongolia marks a milestone in hydrogen energy application for heavy-haul railways. As of April 16, 2026, China’s first hydrogen refueling station for heavy-haul railways—the Batuta Station—has recorded a cumulative hydrogen refueling volume of over 10,000 kilograms. Equipped with a 45 MPa skid-mounted compressor and a maximum hydrogen refueling flow rate of 7.2 kg/min, the station is specially built for high-power hydrogen-powered shunting locomotives. It marks substantive progress in the application of hydrogen energy to heavy-haul railways, addresses the high-emission pain point of traditional locomotives, and verifies the stability of high-flow hydrogen refueling equipment under extreme cold and high-load operating conditions. III. Summary and Outlook In Q1 2026, China's hydrogen energy industry has entered a pragmatic stage focusing on economic efficiency calculation. From the utilization of coke oven gas in Xinjiang to hydrogen refueling for railways in Inner Mongolia, the industrial development logic is shifting from policy-driven alone to multi-dimensional driving led by resources, application scenarios and economic viability, which is expected to reshape the energy consumption pattern of industrial and transportation sectors.

[SMM Analysis: NPI Prices Rose Sharply, Market Shifted to High-Level Standoff] The average price of SMM 10-12% high-grade NPI rose 30.5 yuan/nickel unit WoW to 1,150.5 yuan/nickel unit (ex-factory, tax included), while the average Indonesian NPI FOB index price rose 3.58 $/nickel unit WoW to 146.78 $/nickel unit. This week, policies and futures drove prices steadily higher, with the NPI price center moving further up.

EVA prices have recently fluctuated and pulled back, mainly under the dual pressure of weakening crude oil dragging down costs and sluggish downstream procurement demand. Although the US and Iran are in the negotiation phase, on May 8 local time, US forces again struck two Iranian tankers. The Iranian military warned that if the US continues to interfere with Iranian vessels in the relevant areas, the conflict risks escalating again. With recurring geopolitical maneuvering in the Middle East, the risk of crude oil price fluctuations remains high and the trend carries significant uncertainty, making changes on the EVA cost side still difficult to predict, and wait-and-see sentiment in the market is strong.

SMM May 8: In the first week after the holiday, prices of most cobalt products remained stable. Spot refined cobalt prices also held steady after rising 3,500 yuan/mt on the first trading day post-holiday. Meanwhile, spot cobalt sulphate prices stopped falling and stabilized after the holiday. The market currently holds an optimistic view on downstream production schedules for May. Under these circumstances, how will cobalt series products perform? SMM compiled the relevant price changes of cobalt series products this week, as follows: : According to SMM spot prices, spot refined cobalt prices rose post-holiday and then maintained a fluctuating trend this week. As of May 8, spot refined cobalt prices rose to 422,000-429,000 yuan/mt, with an average price of 425,500 yuan/mt, up 3,500 yuan/mt from 422,000 yuan/mt on the last trading day before the holiday, a gain of 0.83%. Supply and demand side, on the supply side, mainstream refined cobalt smelters slightly raised ex-factory prices, while other smelters maintained parity; traders lowered the spot-futures price spread of mainstream brands to a premium of 7,000-8,000 yuan/mt to accelerate capital turnover. On the demand side, downstream alloy and magnetic material enterprises continued to maintain just-in-need restocking strategies, strictly controlling raw material inventory risks. From the price ratio perspective, the metal price spread between refined cobalt prices and low-priced cobalt salts has narrowed significantly, and enterprises' willingness to produce refined cobalt through re-dissolution has pulled back accordingly. In the short term, refined cobalt prices are expected to move sideways, and future price rises still need effective support from cobalt salt prices. Cobalt salt ( and ): : According to SMM spot prices, spot cobalt sulphate prices stopped falling and stabilized this week. As of May 8, spot cobalt sulphate prices remained at 93,000-95,800 yuan/mt, with an average price of 94,500 yuan/mt, flat compared with the April 30 quote. Supply and demand side, mainstream cobalt sulphate brand price centers remained in the range of 93,000-96,000 yuan/mt. Driven by the rebound in refined cobalt prices, some smelters and traders that previously offered discounts for shipments have slightly raised their quotes, and low-priced resources below 90,000 yuan/mt have decreased notably. On the demand side, downstream enterprises were still consuming previous inventory overall, with weak purchase willingness to enter the market, and only a few with just-in-need requirements restocked in small quantities at low prices. However, some Co3O4 enterprises have recently increased inquiry activities, and procurement sentiment showed signs of recovery. Production schedule side, ternary and LCO enterprises both saw restorative increases in May production schedules MoM. It is expected that as downstream gradually initiates restocking, cobalt sulphate prices are likely to see a phased recovery rebound. : According to SMM spot quotes, post-holiday cobalt chloride spot prices edged up 250 yuan/mt on May 8, quoted at 114,200-117,000 yuan/mt, with an average price of 115,600 yuan/mt. In terms of market performance, post-holiday cobalt chloride spot market generally reported scarce inquiries. On the supply side, shipments from some top-tier players declined significantly recently, with liquidity under pressure and quotes slightly loosened; while small and medium-sized producers had already lowered quotes earlier due to capital recovery and shipment pressure, and have gradually stabilized recently, with very limited downside room for further price cuts. On the demand side, downstream Co3O4 enterprises, affected by weak demand, faced significant shipment pressure themselves, with weak purchase willingness for cobalt chloride; in contrast, cathode material and battery cell segments showed restocking willingness recently as inventory continued to be depleted. Overall, the market still lacks clear momentum for a price breakthrough. Although occasional low-price transactions occurred, constrained by enterprise performance pressure, capital conditions, and shipment volumes, they were unlikely to have a significant impact on the overall market. SMM believes that current cobalt chloride prices have limited downside room, with raw material costs providing strong bottom support. Cobalt chloride market is expected to remain stable in the near term, with substantive changes likely to wait until mid-to-late May. : According to SMM spot quotes, post-holiday Co3O4 spot prices remained stable. As of May 8, Co3O4 spot prices were maintained at 360,000-367,000 yuan/mt, with an average price of 363,500 yuan/mt, stable compared to pre-holiday levels. Spot market, according to SMM, the post-holiday Co3O4 market continued the sluggish trend from before the holiday. Top-tier players slightly lowered their quotes, but as cobalt intermediate products were in a phase of tight supply and cobalt chloride prices remained firm, effective cost support was provided for Co3O4 prices. Downstream LCO material enterprises continued to purchase as needed, mainly restocking in small quantities based on orders on hand, with market inquiry activity maintained at a neutral level. Looking ahead, end-use demand performance remains the core variable determining cathode material procurement intensity. Considering that market expectations for May are generally optimistic, attention should be paid to whether demand recovery can break the prolonged stable pattern and bring phased changes. Raw material cobalt intermediate products: According to SMM spot quotes, cobalt intermediate products (CIF China) spot prices remained stable post-holiday. As of May 8, cobalt intermediate products (CIF China) spot prices were maintained at $25.8-26.2/lb, with an average price of $26/lb. Supply and demand side, on the supply side, according to SMM, most suppliers held relatively optimistic expectations for the market outlook, with offers continuing to stay above $26/lb. On the demand side, there was no significant change. Affected by insufficient momentum for cobalt salt prices to follow the upward trend, the market maintained only small volumes of just-in-time procurement, with intended transaction prices fluctuating around $25.8/lb. Shipping side, DRC cobalt intermediate product cargoes remained stranded at South African ports and in overland transportation. In April, only a few miners completed small-batch vessel bookings, with arrivals expected from May to June. Dragged by tight shipping capacity on African routes, the remaining large-volume cargoes may be delayed until July for concentrated arrivals. Looking ahead, as downstream orders gradually materialize and restocking demand is progressively released, cobalt intermediate product prices still have room for upward recovery. News side, recently, multiple enterprises along the cobalt industry chain released their Q1 earnings reports. Tengyuan Cobalt reported that the company achieved revenue of 2.559 billion yuan in Q1 2026, up 75.13% YoY; net profit attributable to shareholders of the publicly listed firm was 531 million yuan, up 330.11% YoY. In addition, the company also released its 2025 annual report, showing total revenue of 8.34 billion yuan in 2025, up 27.47% YoY; net profit attributable to shareholders of the publicly listed firm was 11.11 yuan, up 62.11% YoY. Meanwhile, the gross margin of its main products reached 27.73%, up 5.74% YoY, and cobalt production and sales hit new historical highs. Regarding the reasons for the company's strong performance growth during the reporting period, Tengyuan Cobalt stated that first, the company operated steadily and established a diversified raw material procurement system with strong supply security capabilities. In particular, the stable supply of secondary resources or recycled raw materials effectively hedged against the impact of fluctuations in primary ore procurement, effectively enhancing supply chain resilience and providing support for performance growth. Second, as capacity from fundraising investment projects was gradually released, and benefiting from YoY increases in market prices of metals such as cobalt and copper, the company's product production, sales, and profitability improved significantly, with economies of scale becoming more evident. Third, the company continued to promote lean management reform, comprehensively implemented cost reduction and efficiency improvement measures, enhanced operational efficiency through strict cost control, and continuously optimized its client structure, strengthening overall profitability. As of the end of Q1 2026, Tengyuan Cobalt had capacity of 31,500 mt in metal content of cobalt products (including 8,000 mt of refined cobalt), 10,000 mt in metal content of nickel products, 10,000 mt in metal content of manganese products, 60,000 mt of copper products, 20,000 mt of ternary cathode precursor, 10,000 mt of Co3O4, and 5,000 mt of lithium carbonate. In addition, Tengyuan Cobalt stated that the pricing of its cobalt products such as cobalt sulphate and cobalt chloride is based onprices, adjusted according to discount coefficients and price fluctuations. Tengyuan Cobalt also stated that the company's core products have been widely used in traditional end-use sectors such as consumer electronics, NEVs, and aerospace, and are continuously extending into emerging technology fields empowered by AI. In particular, the company's Co3O4 and related product series are primarily used in high-end LCO systems, fully compatible with product terminals requiring high energy density and high stability battery applications. Targeting emerging technology tracks, the company is leveraging its own advantages to actively enter rapidly growing fields such as solid-state batteries, humanoid robots, eVTOL, low-altitude economy, AI computing infrastructure, and high-end energy storage. As emerging markets gradually scale up in the future, the company will rely on its advantages in raw material supply, high-purity manufacturing technology, and client resources to continuously optimize its product mix, consolidating its strengths in traditional sectors while fully benefiting from the growing material demand driven by the development of emerging technology industries. It is also worth noting that as of March 31, 2026, the company's fundraised investment project — the "Annual 30,000 mt Copper and 2,000 mt Cobalt Hydrometallurgy Smelter Project" — had passed the reviews of China's Ministry of Commerce and the Jiangxi Provincial Development and Reform Commission, and obtained the enterprise overseas investment certificate. The joint venture company (Xincheng New Energy Investment Co., Ltd.) and the project company (Hechuang New Energy Mining Simplified Joint-Stock Company) had been established. Currently, the overall project progress is in line with the planned schedule, with project design, land leveling, and main building civil works completed, and installation of main equipment currently underway. Hanrui Cobalt previously released its Q1 report, stating that the company achieved operating revenue of 1.865 billion yuan in Q1 2026, up 24.19% YoY, with net profit attributable to shareholders of the publicly listed firm at 64.7465 million yuan, up 51.07% YoY. The performance change was mainly attributable to increased sales volume and prices of copper products as well as sales of nickel products.