SMM May 7: Weak downstream demand continued to weigh on tungsten prices. The average price of wolframite concentrates (≥65%) on May 7 was reported at 700,500 yuan/standard tonne (65%WO3 basis). In less than two months, the price has pulled back over 33% from its historical high. As multiple tungsten enterprises continued to lower their long-term contract prices for the first half of May, extending the two rounds of cuts in April, how will tungsten prices evolve going forward? Multiple Tungsten Enterprises Continue to Lower Long-Term Contract Prices for First Half of May Multiple tungsten enterprises continued to lower their long-term contract prices for the first half of May, details as follows: A tungsten group in Jiangxi released its long-term contract prices for the first half of May. The guidance price for national standard Grade 1 wolframite concentrates for the first half of May 2026 was 720,000 yuan/standard tonne (65%WO3 basis) (long-term contract), down 190,000 yuan/standard tonne (65%WO3 basis) from the second half of April. Chongyi Zhangyuan Tungsten's long-term contract procurement prices for the first half of May were: 1 55% wolframite concentrates: 700,000 yuan/standard tonne (65%WO3 basis), down 185,000 yuan/standard tonne (65%WO3 basis) from the previous round; 2 55% scheelite concentrates: 699,000 yuan/standard tonne (65%WO3 basis), down 185,000 yuan/standard tonne (65%WO3 basis) from the previous round; 3 APT (national standard Grade 0): 1.02 million yuan/mt, down 330,000 yuan/mt from the previous round. Wolframite Concentrates Fell 33.32% in Less Than 2 Months According to SMM, the price spread between tungsten ore long-term contract prices and spot order transaction prices widened to around 200,000. Mainstream mines primarily shipped under long-term contracts, while spot orders in the market still faced some selling pressure with difficult transactions and a continuously declining center. However, considering the limited spot order trading volume and the high proportion of long-term contracts in the market, SMM maintained the May 7 price unchanged for now. According to SMM quotes, the price of wolframite concentrates (≥65%) on that day was 700,000–701,000 yuan/standard tonne (65%WO3 basis), with an average price of 700,500 yuan/standard tonne (65%WO3 basis), flat from the previous trading day. Along with the declining center of tungsten prices, the average price of wolframite concentrates (≥65%) at 700,500 yuan/standard tonne (65%WO3 basis) on May 7, compared with its historical high average price of 1,050,500 yuan/standard tonne (65%WO3 basis) on March 16, showed that in less than 2 months, the average price of wolframite concentrates fell by 350,000 yuan/standard tonne (65%WO3 basis), a decline of 33.32%. Outlook As China's mainstream tungsten enterprises continued to lower their new round of long-term contract prices, spot market confidence remained under pressure. It is expected that tungsten prices will remain in the doldrums in the short term given the lack of demand support. In the long term, underpinned by the supply rigidity from the continued tightening of China's annual tungsten ore mining quotas, the logic of raw material supply contraction remains unchanged. After tungsten prices pulled back over 33% in less than two months, the room for further deep declines has been significantly compressed. Going forward, the key focus will be on the pace of recovery in actual end-user demand from downstream sectors such as cemented carbide, special steel, and PV tungsten wire, as well as the timing of concentrated restocking by enterprises in the low-price segment. Recommended reading:

Ahead of the Labour Day holiday, the magnesium market saw a recovery in trading activity during the first half of this week, with spot prices holding up well and magnesium prices rising for two consecutive days. Current market support mainly came from the continued release of pre-holiday rigid stocking demand from end-users, with downstream procurement pace following in an orderly manner, effectively revitalizing trading activity in the market. On the other hand, rising coal and ferrosilicon futures prices on the raw material side also provided certain cost support for the magnesium market. Supported by multiple positive factors, suppliers generally maintained firm pricing sentiment, low-priced spot cargo in the market gradually diminished, and the overall magnesium market showed a generally stable with slight rise trend. Magnesium prices rose for two consecutive trading days Spot price side: magnesium ingots and magnesium alloys continued the upward trend from the 28th. Specifically, the SMM 99.90% magnesium ingot (Fugu, Shenmu) price on April 29 was 16,600-16,700 yuan/mt, with an average price of 16,650 yuan/mt, up 0.3% from the previous trading day. The core driver behind this two-day consecutive rise in magnesium prices was pre-holiday restocking demand from downstream end-users. As the Labour Day holiday approached, considering the holiday factor, downstream deep-processing and manufacturing enterprises initiated stockpiling operations in advance, and market procurement enthusiasm improved compared to the previously sluggish conditions. Most downstream enterprises abandoned their earlier wait-and-see sentiment and entered the market to purchase based on their rigid production needs, proactively locking in spot inventory to hedge against post-holiday supply fluctuation risks. The sustained concentrated restocking demand rapidly consumed previously accumulated low-priced inventory in the market, with low-priced resources basically digested and cleared, the market price floor continued to rise, directly driving magnesium prices to raise consecutively. Overall trading activity and transaction sentiment in the market improved during the first half of this week. Outlook Based on the current supply and demand performance in the market, the concentrated release of pre-holiday restocking demand effectively reversed the previously weak market sentiment, boosting confidence among traders and producers to a certain extent. However, from the market pace perspective, after a round of concentrated restocking, downstream stocking demand had been gradually released, and the pre-holiday restocking trend was basically coming to an end. As the Labour Day holiday approached, market procurement activities gradually ceased, and concentrated trading momentum was expected to pull back. Based on current market conditions, domestic magnesium prices were expected to remain generally stable in the short term. In the long term, the domestic magnesium market needs to focus on two aspects going forward: first, the maintenance arrangements and production pace changes of domestic magnesium ingot producers — if mainstream smelters arrange concentrated equipment maintenance and production cuts later, this will directly compress overall market supply, alter the current supply-demand balance, and drive price fluctuations; second, the recovery of demand in markets outside China — currently, ex-China magnesium product demand remained generally stable but weak, and whether export orders can steadily increase and whether export markets can recover will directly affect domestic magnesium ingot exports, becoming an important factor influencing medium and long-term magnesium price trends.

Recently, China's tungsten prices have retreated from highs, with wolframite concentrates falling 16.18% over a period of more than one month. After lowering their long-term contract prices for the first half of April, multiple tungsten enterprises continued to cut long-term contract prices for the second half of April. However, in terms of the magnitude of this round of reductions, the long-term contract price cuts for the second half of April narrowed significantly compared to the first half, which to some extent helped market sentiment gradually stabilize. Currently, wait-and-see sentiment remains strong in the market, the tug-of-war between upstream and downstream continues — how will tungsten prices perform going forward? Multiple Tungsten Enterprises Continue to Cut Long-term Contract Prices Multiple tungsten enterprises lowered their long-term contract prices for the second half of April, as follows: A Jiangxi tungsten group released its long-term contract prices for the second half of April: the guidance price for national standard Grade-1 wolframite concentrates for the second half of April 2026 was 910,000 yuan/standard tonne (65%WO3 basis), down 46,000 yuan/standard tonne (65%WO3 basis) from the first half of April. Meanwhile, Chongyi Zhangyuan Tungsten Co., Ltd. also lowered its long-term contract procurement prices for the second half of April: 1 55% wolframite concentrates: 885,000 yuan/standard tonne (65%WO3 basis), down 45,000 yuan/standard tonne (65%WO3 basis) from the previous round; 2 55% scheelite concentrates: 884,000 yuan/standard tonne (65%WO3 basis), down 45,000 yuan/standard tonne (65%WO3 basis) from the previous round; 3 APT (national standard Grade-0): 1.35 million yuan/mt, down 90,000 yuan/mt from the previous round. Notably, in the first half of April pricing, Zhangyuan Tungsten's 55% wolframite concentrates and 55% scheelite concentrates had already been cut by 90,000 yuan/standard tonne (65%WO3 basis) each MoM. Wolframite Concentrates Fell Over 16% in Just Over a Month Since mid-to-late March, driven by profit-taking, downstream buyers' reluctance to purchase at high levels, and an overall adjustment in commodity markets, tungsten prices — which had repeatedly hit record highs — began to pull back. On April 20, wolframite concentrates (≥65%) were priced at 880,000–881,000 yuan/standard tonne (65%WO3 basis), with an average price of 880,500 yuan/standard tonne (65%WO3 basis), down 1.12% from the previous trading day. Compared with the historical high average tungsten price of 1,050,500 yuan/standard tonne (65%WO3 basis) on March 16, the average price of wolframite concentrates fell by 170,000 yuan/standard tonne (65%WO3 basis) over just over a month, a decline of 16.18%. Outlook As leading tungsten enterprises' long-term contract prices were finalized, China's tungsten market sentiment turned mild. Mainstream mines focused on long-term contract deliveries, with spot order prices fluctuating around long-term contract levels. APT smelter prices remained firm, and driven by continued ore price movements, APT industry margins showed a widening trend. Wait-and-see sentiment among downstream cemented carbide alloy enterprises has not fully dissipated, with enterprises mainly restocking on a just-needed basis. However, industry inventory has been gradually declining, and a wave of restocking is expected before the Labour Day holiday, which will drive a recovery in tungsten market trading volume. Meanwhile, the tight supply pattern of tungsten outside China remained unchanged. Cemented carbide plants in Japan and several other countries collectively raised their quotes, which was positive for the export and consumption of related products in China. In the short term, long-term contracts stabilized the tungsten market. As industry profit-taking positions were gradually cleared and downstream demand followed up, the tungsten market was expected to gradually stop falling and stabilize. Going forward, the focus should be on tracking the actual pre-holiday restocking progress of cemented carbide alloy enterprises. Recommended reading:

SMM February 9: The tight supply situation in the raw material spot market continues to intensify, coupled with the holiday effect brought by the approaching Chinese New Year, the overall market is showing a pattern of "rising prices amid shrinking volume." Additionally, a major tungsten enterprise significantly raised its long-term contract prices, reigniting market bullish sentiment. On February 9, the average price of scheelite concentrate (≥65%) reached a record high of 680,500 yuan/metric ton, indicating a year-to-date increase of over 50%! The average price of APT (domestic) also rose to the historic milestone of 1 million yuan per metric ton on February 9, with a year-to-date increase of 49.25%! Tungsten enterprise significantly raised its long-term contract purchase prices for the first half of February Zhangyuan Tungsten Co., Ltd. of Chongyi's prices are as follows: 1. 55% scheelite concentrate: 670,000 yuan per metric ton, up 147,000 yuan per metric ton from the previous round; 2. 55% wolframite concentrate: 669,000 yuan per metric ton, up 147,000 yuan per metric ton from the previous round; 3. Ammonium paratungstate (standard grade zero): 970,000 yuan per metric ton, up 210,000 yuan per metric ton from the previous round. The Ganzhou Tungsten Industry Association's forecast prices for the tungsten market in February 2026 are: 55% scheelite concentrate at 670,000 yuan per metric ton, up 300,000 yuan per metric ton MoM; APT at 970,000 yuan per metric ton, up 300,000 yuan per metric ton MoM; medium-grain tungsten powder at 1,630 yuan per kg, up 480 yuan per kg MoM. (Prices are for reference only; assume commercial risks accordingly.) Furthermore, it is understood that some tungsten enterprises have suspended the publication of their long-term contract prices. Average Price of Ammonium Paratungstate (Domestic) Rises to 1 Million Yuan per Metric Ton, Up Over 49% Year-to-Date According to SMM price assessments, on February 9, the price range for scheelite concentrate (≥65%) was 680,000-681,000 yuan per metric ton, with an average price of 680,500 yuan per metric ton, up 1.19% from the previous trading day. Compared to the average price of 453,500 yuan per metric ton on December 31, 2025, this new high of 680,500 yuan per metric ton represents an increase of 227,000 yuan per metric ton year-to-date, a gain of 50.05%. Compared to the average price of 142,750 yuan per metric ton on December 31, 2024, the cumulative increase over more than a year reaches as high as 376.71% . On February 9, the price range for ammonium paratungstate (domestic) was 990,000-1,010,000 yuan per metric ton, with an average price of 1,000,000 yuan per metric ton. Compared to the average price of 670,000 yuan per metric ton on December 31, 2025, this average of 1,000,000 yuan per metric ton represents a year-to-date increase of 49.25%, rising sharply in sync with scheelite concentrate. Despite the continued sharp rise in tungsten prices, overall market trading activity has not kept pace recently, constrained mainly by multiple factors: First, with the Chinese New Year approaching, traders have become more cautious, focusing purchases on rigid demand, with only limited pre-holiday stockpiling and no large-scale concentrated stockpiling occurring. Second, high tungsten prices have led to both funding pressure and fear of high prices in the market, causing some downstream enterprises to postpone purchases and adopt a wait-and-see attitude. Third, the holiday effect is gradually becoming apparent, with some enterprises already entering a pre-holiday lull, leading to a general pullback in market trading frequency. The cemented carbide industry, a core demand sector for tungsten (accounting for 58% of total demand), is a typical example: affected by the soaring prices of raw materials like tungsten powder, production costs have increased significantly. Furthermore, tungsten materials like tungsten carbide account for over 80% of tool costs, forcing most cemented carbide enterprises to reduce procurement scale and maintain only production for rigid demand, further suppressing overall market trading activity. Outlook Looking ahead to the tungsten market outlook, in the short term, the tight spot supply situation on the raw material side is unlikely to ease quickly, and suppliers' reluctance to sell is expected to persist. The tungsten market is likely to maintain its strong upward trend. Key variables brought by the approaching Chinese New Year still require close attention: On one hand, market trading will gradually stagnate during the holiday period, and whether pre-holiday stockpiling demand concentrates will directly influence the short-term price movement pace. On the other hand, post-holiday enterprise work resumption progress, the recovery of raw material supply, and the strength of downstream demand release will determine whether tungsten prices can remain high. Additionally, international market price fluctuations, the signing of enterprise long-term contracts, industry policy direction, and the cost pass-through effect in the cemented carbide industry require continuous monitoring, while remaining vigilant against increased market risks from intensified price fluctuations in the high price range.

After closing the first half of the year (H1) with a 21.89% increase, wolframite concentrate prices continued to rise overall in July.

》Check SMM aluminum product quotes, data, and market analysis SMM News on June 25: Today, the most-traded SHFE aluminum 2508 contract opened at 20,300 yuan/mt, with a high of 20,360 yuan/mt, a low of 20,240 yuan/mt, and closed at 20,355 yuan/mt. Trading volume was 117,000 lots, and open interest was 254,000 lots. SMM Commentary: On the macro front, the ceasefire between Israel and Iran has eased geopolitical risks, reducing the demand for capital flight, which is short-term bearish for aluminum prices. US Fed Chair Powell's neutral stance, combined with potential expectations for US Fed interest rate cuts and pressure from Trump, may boost the economy, providing support for aluminum prices. The PBOC and six other departments jointly issued a document to stimulate consumption, which is bullish for end-user aluminum demand. On the fundamental side, domestic aluminum smelters' operating capacity remains stable, with the proportion of liquid aluminum staying high, and the market supply of casting ingots remains tight. On the demand side, overall, most downstream sectors are in the traditional off-season. Downstream production cuts in central China have been significant, with weak spot transactions and sustained large discounts in the market. The weakening off-season demand in the PV and home appliance sectors cannot be ignored, with a noticeable drop in the operating rates of related sectors. The wire and cable sector has seen a decline in operating rates due to the end of the previous delivery period and high aluminum prices. In terms of inventory, the destocking pace has slowed, and low inventory still supports the futures market. Inventory buildup occurred on Monday this week, and it needs to be observed whether the destocking turning point has officially formed. However, spot premiums/discounts have gradually pulled back. Overall, in the short term, aluminum prices are suppressed by inventory accumulation and geopolitical easing. However, in the medium term, macro policies (such as domestic consumption stimulus and expectations for US Fed interest rate cuts) may boost demand. It is expected that aluminum prices will fluctuate downward in the short term, and subsequent focus should be on changes in inventory and demand. Today, the most-traded alumina 2509 contract opened at 2,894 yuan/mt, with a high of 2,920 yuan/mt, a low of 2,885 yuan/mt, and closed at 2,919 yuan/mt. Trading volume was 233,000 lots, and open interest was 285,000 lots. SMM Commentary: Last week, some alumina refineries completed maintenance and resumed production. Meanwhile, considering ore costs, there were new reports of production cuts. The operating capacity of alumina refineries increased and decreased in parallel. Overall, the operating capacity of alumina refineries decreased by 440,000 mt/year MoM to 88.57 million mt/year last week. Spot alumina supply remained loose, and the total inventory of alumina at aluminum smelters increased by 8,600 mt to 2.655 million mt last week. In the short term, the alumina fundamental side is expected to maintain a relatively loose pattern, and spot alumina prices are expected to drop back slightly. Affected by the easing of overseas geopolitical conflicts, the futures market fluctuated downward yesterday. However, influenced by uncertainties in overseas economic policies, the night session fluctuated upward at one point. Subsequent attention should be paid to the capacity changes of domestic alumina enterprises and their profitability. Today, the most-traded cast aluminum alloy ag2511 futures contract opened at 19,625 yuan/mt, with a high of 19,700 yuan/mt and a low of 19,530 yuan/mt, and finally closed at 19,700 yuan/mt. The trading volume was 3,000 lots, and the open interest was 8,000 lots. SMM Commentary: On Tuesday, the SMM ADC12 price remained stable at 19,900-20,100 yuan/mt. Pressured by the ongoing traditional off-season, demand remained weak, and market transactions were sluggish. The lack of growth in terminal orders constrained the upward movement of ADC12 prices, while the influx of low-priced goods exacerbated market competition. However, the cost side remained relatively firm, providing some support to prices. It is anticipated that under the deepening impact of the off-season, ADC12 prices will remain in the doldrums in the short term. Close attention should be paid to changes in raw material circulation and signs of marginal improvement in demand. [The information provided is for reference only. This article does not constitute direct advice for investment research decisions. Clients should make cautious decisions and not rely on this as a substitute for independent judgment. Any decisions made by clients are unrelated to SMM.]

[SMM Commentary on SHFE Tin Futures: On the Eve of the US Fed's June Interest Rate Meeting, the Most-Traded SHFE Tin Contract Continues to Fluctuate] In the spot market, the resumption of tin ore production in Myanmar has been slow. Although some miners have applied to resume production, strict approval processes, coupled with transportation restrictions during the rainy season, have kept actual imports at a low level. Meanwhile, Thailand's policy of banning Myanmar from using its territory to transport tin ore has exacerbated the tight supply, with an estimated impact of 500-1,000 mt (metal content) on domestic monthly supply.

Today, DCE iron ore futures weakened and fluctuated rangebound, with the most-traded contract I2509 closing at 695.5, down 0.5% for the day. Traders sold goods according to market conditions, with some traders holding large volumes of spot resources selling at lower prices. Steel mills purchased as needed, and the market transaction sentiment was moderate. The mainstream transaction prices of PB fines in the Shandong region were around 707-710 yuan/mt, down 5-8 yuan/mt from yesterday's prices. In the Tangshan region, the transaction prices of PB fines were around 718-722 yuan/mt, down 5-10 yuan/mt from yesterday's prices. According to the SMM survey, on June 18, the operating rate of blast furnaces at 242 steel mills surveyed by SMM was 87.70%, down 0.45 percentage points MoM. The daily average pig iron production of the sampled steel mills was 2.4084 million mt, down 6,500 mt MoM. Looking ahead to next week, it is expected that the number of blast furnaces resuming production will be higher than the number undergoing maintenance, leading to a slight increase in overall pig iron production. The overall supply-demand pattern of iron ore remains relatively unchanged. Attention should be paid to the apparent demand for major steel products tomorrow and the impact of geopolitical conflicts on market sentiment. 》Subscribe to view historical spot prices of SMM metals

Recently, Piyush Goyal, the Minister of Commerce and Industry and Promotion of Internal Trade, announced at a press conference in New Delhi the launch of a "domestic production incentive plan for rare earth magnets," with an investment of 750 billion rupees (approximately 63 billion yuan) over the next five years, aiming to achieve a 70% localization rate of rare earth permanent magnets by 2030. Although it will take several years for India to build its rare earth magnet supply chain, this move will help reduce India's dependence on importing rare earth magnets from China. Currently, negotiations are underway with multiple enterprises to establish long-term reserves of rare earth magnets. Last week, Reuters reported that Indian Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal, during recent meetings with executives from the automotive and other industries, requested state-owned miner IREL to suspend its rare earth export agreements with Japan, particularly for neodymium, a key material for EV engine magnets, prioritizing domestic demand. This action aims to reduce reliance on China. IREL also hopes to develop India's capabilities in rare earth processing. According to a 2012 agreement, IREL supplied rare earths to Toyota Tsusho (8015.T)-affiliated Toyota Tsusho Rare Earth India, which processed and exported them to Japan for magnet manufacturing. Customs data shows that Toyota Tsusho shipped over 1,000 mt of rare earth materials to Japan, accounting for one-third of the 2,900 mt of rare earths mined by IREL. Considering India's previous actions, it is clear that under the backdrop of China's rare earth controls, to meet domestic demand, India has been compelled to develop its own rare earth resources. However, according to industry insiders, achieving a breakthrough in India's rare earth magnetic material dilemma in the short term may be difficult. India possesses the world's third-largest rare earth reserves, estimated at 6.9 million mt, mainly distributed across Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Odisha. However, India's contribution to global rare earth production is less than 1%, primarily due to significant gaps in rare earth mining and refining technologies compared to China, the US, and Japan, lacking advanced separation and refining technologies , making it hard for its processed products to meet the demands of high-end manufacturing within the country. Additionally, poor infrastructure also hinders the advancement of India's rare earth projects , with the most critical issue being a power shortage . Incomplete statistics show that the power deficit in Tamil Nadu reaches 6,000 MW, severely restricting local rare earth ore mining. Another manifestation is the lack of roads , although Andhra Pradesh boasts a relatively developed road network, some areas have poor road quality and many unpaved roads, with less than 15% suitable for rare earth ore trucks. Finally, what constrains India's rare earth development is the volatility of local policies and severe bureaucratic corruption. At the national level, there is a desire to accelerate the development of rare earth mines, but many industry insiders indicate that the implementation of these policies at the state level presents a completely different reality. Moreover, severe bureaucratic corruption has led to a wait-and-see attitude among investors and rare earth enterprises, as "no one wants to engage in uncertain ventures." SMM analysts, synthesizing views from industry insiders, maintain a reserved stance on India's breakthrough in rare earth magnetic materials by 2025, while also committing to continued monitoring of the Indian market.

》Check SMM's aluminum product quotes, data, and market analysis SMM News on June 18: Today, the most-traded SHFE aluminum 2507 contract opened at 20,585 yuan/mt, with a high of 20,745 yuan/mt, a low of 20,565 yuan/mt, and closed at 20,680 yuan/mt, up 0.46%. Trading volume was 80,000 lots, and open interest was 199,000 lots. SMM Commentary: On the macro front, softening US economic data and geopolitical tensions in the Middle East have made the market nervous. US retail sales in May were weaker than expected, but consumer spending remained supported by robust wage growth. Fundamentals side, domestic operating capacity of electrolytic aluminum remained stable, and a decrease in casting ingot volume contributed to the destocking of domestic aluminum ingot inventory. Cost side, alumina and auxiliary material prices are expected to weaken, reducing cost support for electrolytic aluminum. Demand side, the sector faces dual pressures from domestic seasonal weakness and trade uncertainties, and the operating rate of aluminum processing enterprises will be under pressure to decline in the short term. Overall, the current low inventory and expectations of a higher proportion of liquid aluminum provide strong support for aluminum prices, but the off-season pressure on the demand side limits upside room. Spot aluminum ingots in major consumption areas may soon face a situation of weak supply and demand, and aluminum prices are expected to hold up well in the short term. Today, the most-traded alumina 2509 contract opened at 2,896 yuan/mt, with a high of 2,929 yuan/mt, a low of 2,881 yuan/mt, and closed at 2,929 yuan/mt, up 0.83%. Trading volume was 274,000 lots, and open interest was 300,000 lots. SMM Commentary: Last week, the operating capacity of alumina rose by 1.74 million mt/year MoM to 89.01 million mt/year. Spot supply was relatively loose compared to the previous period, and the total weekly inventory of alumina at aluminum smelters increased by 16,000 mt to 2.646 million mt. Recently, the alumina market has been relatively quiet, and fundamentals are expected to maintain a relatively loose pattern. Earlier, some ex-factory prices of around 3,100 yuan/mt were reported in the northern alumina spot market, and sporadic spot transactions were reported in south-west China, with the lowest reaching 3,200 yuan/mt. Transaction prices were at a discount to the online price. In the short term, alumina spot prices are expected to maintain a downward trend. Follow-up attention should be paid to changes in the capacity of domestic alumina enterprises and the supply of imported alumina. [The information provided is for reference only. This article does not constitute direct advice for investment research decisions. Clients should make decisions cautiously and not rely on this as a substitute for independent judgment. Any decisions made by clients are unrelated to SMM.]