[Overseas Macro Bullishness Battles Supply Bearishness, China's Destocking Supports SHFE Aluminum Bottom] On the domestic front, bullish factors are prominent. The proportion of liquid aluminum has continued to rise. Over the past week, aluminum ingot warehouse withdrawals hit a four-year high, and the pace of inventory destocking has accelerated significantly, forming support for the bottom of SHFE aluminum. Amid the interplay of bullish and bearish factors, overseas, the bullish impact of the US dollar and the bearish forces from supply and geopolitics offset each other. After its earlier excessive decline, LME aluminum's downward momentum has slowed, and in the short term, it is mainly consolidating at lows for repair; domestically, supported by rapid destocking, the probability of underperforming LME aluminum is low. The SHFE and LME markets may show slight divergence, and a sustained unilateral weak trend is unlikely.

KGHM launched its “Strategy 2055+” plan, committing more than 32 billion zlotys, or about US$8.55 billion, in investment through 2030. The company targets average annual paid copper output of 730,000 tonnes between 2026 and 2030 and plans to build a new Polish mine called “KGHM 2.0.”

[SMM Analysis] SHFE copper cathode spot premiums experienced notable volatility in H1 2026, marked by deep discounts in phases, a recovery in Q2, and a return to positive territory by mid-year. In Q1, seasonal inventory buildup after the Chinese New Year, slow downstream recovery, and disruptions from contract rollovers repeatedly put spot premiums under pressure. Entering Q2, consumption improved QoQ, and concentrated smelter maintenance drove continuous destocking of domestic social inventory. In particular, the rapid decline in Guangdong inventory lifted spot premiums in South China, opened arbitrage opportunities for shipping inventory from East China to South China, and provided support to premiums in Shanghai and other regions. From May to June, although high copper prices and off-season expectations suppressed downstream purchases, the widening LME-COMEX spread diverted overseas supply to the US market, constraining the pace of imported copper replenishment in China, with low inventory levels still underpinning spot market resilience. Looking ahead to H2, SHFE copper premiums will be shaped by the interplay of inventory, consumption, imports, and supply additions. The Q3 off-season may limit the upside for premiums, but low inventories, uncertainty over import replenishment, and tight regional supply will continue to support spot premiums. In Q4, attention should be focused on the capacity ramp-up of new expansion projects such as Humon Phase 2, Chifeng Jintong Phase 2, and Shenghai Phase 2. If new supply is released smoothly, the import window opens, and consumption recovery remains weak, spot premiums may gradually come under pressure. However, if inventories stay low and import replenishment remains limited, premiums could still see intermittent strengthening opportunities.

[SMM Cast Aluminum Alloy Morning Comment: Aluminum Alloy Futures Rebound Continuously; Spot Cargo Transactions Dominated by Rigid Demand] Recently, ADC12 prices outside China continued to decline, with quotes today pulling further back to the $3,100-3,200/mt range. Meanwhile, China's ADC12 prices remained relatively firm, supported by aluminum scrap costs, driving a continuous recovery in the price spread between Chinese and overseas markets and further narrowing import losses. Currently, the import loss per mt of ADC12 is about 1,087 yuan, having pulled back to early-March levels.

[SMM Tin Morning Update: Macro Tailwinds Keep Emerging, SHFE Tin Surges, Spot Tin Trading Recovers]

★ Macro ★ 01 ★★ [Central Bank Net Injection of 10 Billion Yuan via Open Market Government Bond Trading in June] The People's Bank of China (PBOC) recently released data on liquidity injections through various tools in June 2026, showing a net injection of 10 billion yuan through open market government bond trading during the month. According to statistics, net injections via open market government bond trading totaled 300 billion yuan in the first six months of this year. The PBOC’s Q1 2026 monetary policy implementation report stated that since the beginning of the year, the PBOC has conducted regular government bond trading operations, flexibly adjusting the scale of operations based on the need for base money injection and bond market conditions. The June injection data also showed a net injection of 200 billion yuan through the medium-term lending facility (MLF) and a net withdrawal of 137.2 billion yuan through other structural monetary policy tools. In addition, net injections through 7-day reverse repos amounted to 582.6 billion yuan, while other-maturity reverse repos saw a net injection of 300 billion yuan. 02 ★★ Oil Prices Post Biggest Single Drop of the Year Oil prices experienced a "three consecutive decline." According to the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), starting from 24:00 on July 3, the retail prices of gasoline and diesel (standard grade) will be cut by 950 yuan and 915 yuan per mt, respectively. This adjustment marks the largest single reduction this year. Based on calculations by institutions, the price cut is equivalent to a decrease of 0.73 yuan per liter for 92-octane gasoline, 0.77 yuan per liter for 95-octane gasoline, and 0.78 yuan per liter for 0# diesel. For a typical private car with a 50-liter fuel tank, filling up a full tank of 92-octane gasoline will save about 36.5 yuan. ★ Industry and Downstream ★ 01 ★★ [Chinese Passenger Vehicle Market Share in Europe Surpasses Japan for the First Time] According to the latest data from the European Automobile Manufacturers' Association (ACEA), China's passenger vehicle market share in Europe surpassed that of Japan for the first time in May. Data shows that in May, five Chinese automakers sold a total of 138,400 vehicles in 31 European countries, up 65% YoY, while six Japanese automakers sold 130,400 vehicles in the same 31 countries, down 3% YoY. 02 ★★ [All 200 Billion Yuan in Funding for the Program of Large-Scale Equipment Upgrades and Consumer Goods Trade-Ins Has Been Disbursed This Year] Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) has issued the third batch of equipment upgrade project lists and funding allocations this year, supporting equipment renewals in fields such as energy and power, logistics, education, elderly care institutions, offline consumer commercial facilities, old operating trucks, residential old elevators, and the installation of elevators in old residential communities. Since the beginning of this year, the NDRC, together with relevant departments, has optimized the scope of support, improved the application process, strengthened review and approval, accelerated the pace of work, and disbursed equipment upgrade funds in three batches. At present, the full-year 200 billion yuan equipment renewal funds have been fully allocated, supporting about 11,000 projects across 22 sectors, providing strong support for accelerating industrial upgrading, promoting green development, improving people’s well-being, and strengthening security safeguards. From January to May this year, investment in equipment and tool purchases increased by 9.3% YoY, accounting for 17.5% of total investment, up 2.2 percentage points from the same period last year. 03 ★★ [CISA: Monthly Report on Main Steel-Using Industries, January-May] From January to May, the construction sector among main steel-using industries remained sluggish, while manufacturing continued its overall growth. Specifically, the real estate market continued its adjustment, and infrastructure investment slowed compared with earlier periods. The value added of the machinery industry and export value of electromechanical products maintained growth, automobile production continued to edge down slightly, all three major shipbuilding indicators in the shipbuilding industry grew rapidly, production of the three major white goods in the home appliance industry all maintained growth, and container production continued to decline. 04 ★★ [June Heavy-Duty Truck Market Sales Up 18% YoY] According to statistics from cvworld.cn, China’s heavy-duty truck market sold about 115,000 units in June 2026, up about 5% MoM from May and up 18% from 98,000 units in the same period last year, while the YoY growth rate slowed somewhat compared with the March-May period. This was also a record high for June sales in the past five years. In January-June, cumulative heavy-duty truck sales in China reached about 660,000 units, up about 22% YoY. ★ Other Hot Topics ★ ⭕ [Shenzhen Property Market Continues Stable and Positive Momentum] According to the Shenzhen Housing and Construction Bureau, in June, the Shenzhen property market sustained the strong momentum following the April 29 new policy. Total online registrations for new commercial housing and second-hand residential properties in the city reached 8,878 units, up 14.2% YoY, and the real estate market continued its stable and positive trend. In the new home market, online registrations for new commercial residential properties in Shenzhen totaled 3,785 units in June, up 15.6% YoY, with the new home market continuing to improve. High-quality residential projects remained highly sought after. The commercial property market also performed well, with business apartments highlighting cost-effectiveness advantages. In H1, first-hand and second-hand office buildings and business apartments in the city recorded transactions of 6,567 and 6,238 units, respectively, soaring 103.0% and 70.2% YoY, respectively. ⭕ [Shenlong Group’s “Yunnan Strip New Material Base” Fully Put into Operation] On July 2, 2026, the galvanizing workshop of Yunnan Shenlong Tengda New Material Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Yunnan Shenlong”) reported another success—the continuous hot-dip galvanizing/aluminum-zinc line with an annual capacity of 250,000 mt, contracted by Huangshi Shanli Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter “Shanli Technology”), was successfully put into operation. This was the third line successfully commissioned within a month, following the startup of a continuous hot-dip galvanizing line with an annual capacity of 500,000 mt on June 1 and a continuous hot-dip galvanizing/Zn-Al-Mg line, also with an annual capacity of 500,000 mt, on June 16 of this year. It marks the full commissioning of the three continuous hot-dip galvanizing/aluminum-zinc/Zn-Al-Mg lines built by Shanli Technology for Yunnan Shenlong, injecting strong new momentum into the supply of high-end new coated sheet and strip materials for China’s southwestern region! *This report is an original work and/or a compilation work of SMM Information & Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “SMM”). SMM lawfully holds the copyright and is protected under the Copyright Law of the People’s Republic of China and other applicable laws, regulations, and international treaties. Without written permission, the content may not be reproduced, modified, sold, transferred, displayed, translated, compiled, disseminated, or otherwise disclosed to any third party, nor may any third party be authorized to use it. Upon discovery of any such act, SMM will pursue legal liability for infringement, including but not limited to requiring the party to bear contractual default liability, return unjust enrichment, and compensate for direct and indirect economic losses. All content contained in this report, including but not limited to information, articles, data, charts, images, sounds, videos, logos, advertisements, trademarks, trade names, domain names, layouts, and any or all other information, is protected by the Copyright Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Anti-Unfair Competition Law of the People’s Republic of China, and other applicable laws, regulations, and international treaties concerning copyright, trademark rights, domain name rights, commercial data information property rights, and other rights. All such rights are owned or held by SMM and its relevant right holders. 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Published: 5 days ago One builds MAS-backed vaulting for central banks, the other opens a pipeline to Shanghai. Singapore and Hong Kong are pursuing different strategies to bolster their positions as precious metals hubs , with Singapore expanding clearing and vaulting services for international investors and Hong Kong building on its ties to Mainland China's bullion market. Singapore is viewed as a neutral jurisdiction with established storage facilities and a strong wealth management sector, Dick Poon, general manager at Heraeus Precious Metals Hong Kong, said in an emailed reply to questions. He said Hong Kong's advantage lies in its connection with Mainland China's bullion market through its integration with the Shanghai Gold Exchange. Singapore's strategy gathered pace in June when Deputy Prime Minister and Monetary Authority of Singapore Chairman Gan Kim Yong announced at the Asia-Pacific Precious Metals Conference that Singapore Exchange Ltd. would launch an over-the-counter clearing system for Loco Singapore gold by the end of 2026. The system will clear physical gold stored and settled in Singapore and will be backed by DBS Bank Ltd., Deutsche Bank AG, ICBC Standard Bank Plc, JPMorgan Chase & Co., Oversea-Chinese Banking Corp. Ltd., and United Overseas Bank Ltd. Gan also said the Monetary Authority of Singapore would begin offering gold vaulting services to foreign central banks and sovereign entities from October 2026. Singapore will remove the 5% cap on physical investment precious metals under selected tax incentive schemes for eligible funds and single-family offices, whilst Singapore Exchange is studying a physically deliverable gold futures contract. Joshua Rotbart, founder of J. Rotbart & Co., said regulations are no longer the main factor separating Singapore and Hong Kong. "The regulations are almost the same," he told Singapore Business Review via Zoom. "It's more about the nature of the market and the perception of risk." He said investors typically choose Singapore for long-term gold storage and wealth preservation , whilst Hong Kong has developed into a trading centre serving Mainland China. Singapore's latest measures build on work launched in March, when the Monetary Authority of Singapore and the Singapore Bullion Market Association formed the Gold Market Development Working Group to review clearing, settlement, storage, logistics, custody, and investment products. Hong Kong has also stepped up efforts this year, but with a stronger focus on the mainland. The Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau (FSTB) signed a cooperation agreement with the Shanghai Gold Exchange in January to develop a gold central clearing system and deepen cooperation between the two markets. The government also plans to expand Hong Kong's gold storage capacity to more than 2,000 tonnes within three years. The state-owned Hong Kong Precious Metals Central Clearing Company Ltd. held its first board meeting in April. Financial Services and Treasury Secretary Christopher Hui said preparations for the clearing system were progressing, with trial operations scheduled to begin this year. The bureau also announced in June that the Shanghai Gold Exchange had opened its first International Board-certified offshore gold delivery vault in Hong Kong, letting international investors take delivery of eligible contracts outside Mainland China. Albert Cheng, CEO at the Singapore Bullion Market Association, said Project Lion 2 aims to strengthen Singapore's gold market through improvements to clearing, storage, custody, and investment products. "By strengthening clearing, custody, vaulting, and product development, we can complement existing centres and deepen institutional participation," he added. Source： https://sbr.com.sg/exclusive/singapore-hong-kong-take-rival-paths-capture-global-gold-trade

Published on June 30, 2026 According to a report published over the weekend, Chinese officials are considering an overhaul to the country’s gold import/export regulations to “ streamline administration, facilitate trade, and improve the management of gold carried across the border by individuals. ” Under the current import/export framework, officials from the General Administration of Customs and the People’s Bank of China “ jointly formulate rules for individuals carrying or mailing gold and gold products across the border. ” The new plan would apparently end the Chinese central bank’s involvement in gold import/export rulemaking while “ such cross-border movements will remain subject to customs supervision .” According to the report, the new import/export regime was “ jointly formulated with the General Administration of Customs to update the existing regulatory framework in line with evolving economic conditions, legal requirements and policy adjustments. ” The report didn’t detail the new regulations, but it appears the aim is to make gold imports and exports more streamlined and convenient for individuals and businesses. According to the report, “ The revisions also seek to improve convenience for businesses and the public by formalizing measures that have proven effective in practice. ” “In addition, the draft would strengthen ex-ante supervision by clarifying the scope of customs oversight, enhancing supervision of foreign trade companies acting as agents, and improving the penalty framework for violations, according to the central bank.” Generally speaking, fewer hands in the regulatory pie mean a lighter regulatory burden, and many observers believe the new framework will at least modestly streamline the gold import/export process. Chinese investment demand was a significant driver during the bull market last year, and gold continued to flow into the country through the early months of 2026. In May, Chinese gold imports hit a 2-year high . Of 163 tonnes. That pushed year-to-date gold imports to 692 tonnes, a 76 percent increase over the same period last year. World Gold Council Ray Jia said, “ The positive local gold price spread remained a key factor in encouraging imports. ” Chinese buying helped push gold bar and coin demand to a 12-year high of 1,374.1 tonnes last year. In value terms, global bar and coin demand was a record-breaking $154 billion. More than half of last year’s global coin and bar demand came from two countries – China and India. The surge in Asian investment demand helped drive prices to record levels in January. It has since cooled as inflation fears and higher interest rate expectations have created headwinds for the gold market . The Shanghai Gold Benchmark Price dropped 2.7 percent last month, as yuan strength exacerbated the general downward trend in gold prices. Chinese gold ETFs reported outflows of metal for the first time since August 2025 last month, but there still appears to be a strong appetite for physical gold. Guangzhou Southern Gold Market Academy research analyst Song Jiangzhen told Bloomberg that demand for physical bullion bars and inflows of metal into gold accumulation plans are supporting demand. Accumulation plans, such as Money Metals' monthly purchase plan , allow investors to buy gold incrementally through regular monthly payments. Looking ahead, Jia said that seasonal factors should continue to support the Chinese gold market as jewelers restock after the holiday season. “The lower gold price may help boost these re-stocking activities, although jewelers may sit on the sidelines if the price weakness accelerates.” However, Jia said bullion buying could slow if the price continues to slide. source： https://www.moneymetals.com/news/2026/06/30/chinese-officials-float-plan-to-streamline-gold-importexport-rules

Published：June 29, 2026 1. Review – First Test of the 4,000-USD Mark As feared, the falling 50-day moving average (4,468 USD) has posed an insurmountable hurdle for the price of gold in recent months. Since the last bounce off this moving average on May 12 at $4,773, the downtrend has accelerated significantly. In particular, breaking below the round $4,400 mark led to a sharp sell-off in the first week of June, bringing the price down to $4,023. Although the subsequent recovery was swift, reaching $4,382 within a few days, the Fed’s interest rate decision and the subsequent press conference under new Fed Chair Warsh once again triggered strong selling pressure. Within just seven days, the gold price plummeted to $3,959. The psychologically important $4,000 mark could no longer withstand the selling pressure, and gold fell to its lowest level since early November 2025. 1.1 $4,000 as a Key Level Even though price declines on the downside have recently accelerated significantly, the bears have overall made only slow progress on the downside so far. This week, the low set on March 23 was breached by $140. It took the bears about three months to achieve this! At the same time, however, the broader correction that began in late January remains unquestionably intact. Attention is now focused on the broad support zone around the $4,000 mark. Given the sometimes panicked sentiment of the past few days, a bottoming process typical of early summer is certainly possible here. The erratic and volatile back-and-forth of recent weeks supports this view. However, considerable correction potential has now built up in the stock markets, which is likely to weigh on precious metal prices as well in the event of a significant pullback. For now, patience remains the order of the day. Experience shows that precious metal prices often find a bottom in June or July, from which a substantial summer rally usually begins. For this to happen, however, the gold price would need to hold the $4,000 level and the silver price the $55 level. Alternatively, prices could drop another notch lower first. 2. Chart Analysis: Gold in U.S. Dollars 2.1 Weekly Chart: Bottom Formation in the Coming Days and Weeks Gold in U.S. dollars, weekly chart as of June 27, 2026. Source: Tradingview Since reaching an all-time high of $5,602 at the end of January, the gold market has been in a healthy, yet increasingly complex, correction phase. With the recent low of $3,959, the price has now fallen below the 38.2% Fibonacci retracement level of the previous uptrend (from $1,615 to $5,620). The next relevant retracement levels are at $3,608 (50 %) and $3,138 (61.8 %). This makes it clear that the worst-case scenario we have repeatedly outlined—in the range around $3,500—remains valid and still cannot be ruled out. In the short term, the weekly candles continue to slide southward along the lower weekly Bollinger Band ($3,997). However, one to a maximum of three additional weeks of strong downward pressure are likely to represent the maximum scenario for the bears’ run. Afterward, a bottoming process and the onset of a recovery—or a summer rally—are to be expected. At the same time, after nearly five months of correction and a price decline of over 29%, the weekly stochastic oscillator is clearly in oversold territory. Against this backdrop as well, the remaining downside risk appears significantly limited over the coming days and weeks. Should the correction nevertheless continue in the broader picture, the oscillator would first have to recover. Accordingly, the odds are good that the gold price will form a bottom now or in July in the range between 3,800 and 4,000 USD. Overall, the weekly chart remains bearish but is heavily oversold. A recovery or counter-movement is already on the horizon and could begin in July or August. In the bigger picture, however, the correction could drag on and bring new lows in the fall. 2.2 Daily Chart: New Buy Signal Gold in U.S. dollars, daily chart as of June 27, 2026. Source: Tradingview On a daily basis, the price of gold has lost contact with the still-slowly-rising 200-day moving average (USD 4,474) over the past three weeks. The gap widened at times to nearly 13%, underscoring the currently weak technical condition. Only a return above this closely watched moving average would significantly brighten the chart picture. By the end of the week, however, prices had recovered noticeably and closed the week at $4,088. The recovery that has begun should initially lead to the $4,120 range and, ideally, could extend directly to around $4,220 without any major pullbacks. The positive divergence in the daily stochastic is supportive here, as the indicator no longer fully confirmed the recent low of $3,959. In addition, the oscillator clearly reached its oversold zone. This suggests that a bottoming process may already have begun. Nevertheless, it cannot be ruled out that, in the course of the typical early-summer volatility, there will be further pullbacks before a sustained counter-movement can take hold. Overall, the daily chart could thus be on the verge of a trend reversal. The daily stochastic has turned upward in the oversold zone and offers further upside potential. However, a final pullback below the $4,000 mark down to the area around $3,840 remains possible. 3. Gold Futures Market Structure Commitments of Traders Report for the gold futures contract dated June 23, 2026. Source: Sentimenttrader According to the weekly Commitments of Traders Report (COT Report) published by the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), commercial traders held a cumulative short position of 207,563 gold futures contracts at the closing price of $4,331 on June 16. The sharp price decline of the past few weeks has not yet led commercial traders to significantly reduce their short positions. Overall, there have been hardly any notable shifts since the beginning of the year, which supports our thesis that the COMEX is increasingly losing influence. In a long-term comparison, however, the commercial short position remains at a significantly elevated level. Based on data from the past 22 years, the CoT report should therefore continue to be interpreted negatively. 4. Gold Sentiment Sentiment Optix for gold as of June 23, 2026. Source: Sentimenttrader The sharp correction since late January has completely erased the previously highly euphoric sentiment. Since the low in March, sentiment indicators have been moving in the neutral, largely inconclusive range. In the worst-case scenario, the sentiment pendulum could still swing to the opposite extreme of panic and fear. However, this would require significantly lower prices, which we would currently only expect in the context of a severe stock market crash. In summary, sentiment remains in the neutral range with an Optix value of 58. Ideally, the Optix will soon turn upward again above the 50–55 range. Otherwise, the probability of a more severe correction will increase noticeably. 5. Seasonality of Gold Seasonality of the gold price over the last 17 years as of May 1, 2026. Source: Seasonax Typically, after its spring correction, the gold price finds a bottom in June or July and can then recover through September. Given the recent low of $3,959 and the erratic price movements of the past few weeks, such a turning point could already be taking shape in the coming days or weeks. August, in particular, has historically shown strong performance. Overall, the seasonal traffic light is gradually shifting from red to orange and will then turn green starting in mid-July. 6. Macro Update – The facade is still holding, but the foundation is increasingly eroding Share of the “Magnificent 7” in the S&P 500, as of June 25, 2026. Source: The Diary Of A CEO At first glance, the financial markets continue to appear surprisingly robust, but beneath the surface, warning signs are mounting. While the major U.S. indices are trading near their record highs, market breadth has noticeably deteriorated, and numerous former market leaders—such as Oracle, Salesforce, Netflix, Palantir, Microsoft, Meta, and Amazon—have long been in significant correction or bear market phases. For many of these high-flyers of recent years, the technical damage is now considerable. The fact that former growth and AI winners, as well as heavyweights from the megacap segment, have in some cases fallen sharply from their highs shows just how narrow the foundation of the still-ongoing bull market has become. As a result, the technology sector in particular—as the central driver of the boom—has now become highly vulnerable. 6.1 The Limits of the AI Boom Free cash flow forecast for the hyperscalers, as of June 26, 2026. Source: Financelot Even among the AI hyperscalers, the euphoria is beginning to show cracks. Valuations now appear so stretched that the gap between free cash flow and the major indices is unlikely to be sustained indefinitely. At the same time, declines in rental prices for AI GPUs and in data center profit margins are already evident. This reinforces a familiar pattern: either investments decline, revenues catch up significantly, or the market corrects. Based on current evidence, the third scenario appears increasingly plausible. This is because the AI boom thrives not only on technological strength but also on extreme capital investment over a very short period of time. If competitive pressure from China puts additional strain on margins and demand does not grow at the same pace, the hyperscalers will likely have to scale back their spending sooner or later. 6.2 Speculation on Credit Drives the Markets Margin debt as a percentage of GDP at an all-time high, as of June 6, 2026. Source: Hussman Strategic Advisors At the same time, margin debt as a percentage of GDP has reached a new all-time high of over 4%, surpassing even the levels seen in August 2021, March 2000, and July 2007. Historically, such extreme levels have always been followed by sharp pullbacks—not because a chart predicts the future, but because high leverage makes those who have to sell at the wrong moment particularly vulnerable. This is precisely where the real danger lies: as long as prices rise, debt acts as a catalyst. As soon as the market turns, that same leverage becomes a risk factor and amplifies the downward movement. In an environment where market breadth is already crumbling, this can significantly intensify the momentum of a sell-off. 6.3 Space Speculation as a Prime Example Most recently, the hype surrounding SpaceX’s IPO was unprecedented. It is precisely this euphoria and risk appetite in the market—combined with the stock’s extreme valuation—that make it a prime example of a speculative bubble, as the highly ambitious visions of the future, AI fantasies, and space dreams are far ahead of current business realities. An IPO with an implied valuation of around 2 billion USD and a revenue multiple of about 100 appears to be barely supported by fundamentals. As long as the bulk of the narrative rests on Starlink and projections reaching far into the future—such as Mars colonies, asteroid mining, or space-based AI—the risk-reward ratio remains massively skewed and highly unfavorable. 6.4 Late-cycle characteristics are piling up Boom & Bust Cycles, June 26, 2026. Source: Visual Capitalist The narrowing market breadth, combined with a “super-IPO,” is a classic late-cycle characteristic. When only a few mega-caps and rampant speculation on credit are driving the index higher, while a broad segment of the market is already giving way and “smart money” is cashing out via IPOs, the risk of an abrupt revaluation rises significantly! Boom-and-bust cycles are not an exceptional phenomenon, but a recurring feature of developing economies. Markets rarely move in a straight line but instead oscillate between excessive optimism and excessive pessimism. Phases of strong expansion are regularly followed by excesses, rising risks, and finally a correction that resolves imbalances and lays the foundation for the next upswing. 6.5 Semiconductors as a Warning Sign Semiconductor Index, as of June 16, 2026. Source: Creative Planning Given the parabolic rise in semiconductor stocks, history also speaks clearly. To date, there have been only two periods in which the “Semiconductor Index” rose by more than 230% within 14 months: from December 1998 to February 2000 and from April 2025 to the present. The fact that these are precisely the only two such episodes underscores just how extraordinary—and at the same time fragile—such parabolic rises typically are. The warnings from prominent investors are correspondingly stark. Ray Dalio warns of an environment reminiscent of earlier bubble phases, and Jeremy Grantham describes the U.S. stock markets as historically expensive in light of the AI euphoria. 6.6 Fed Under Scrutiny Meanwhile, the Federal Reserve remains wary of premature expectations of monetary easing. At its most recent meeting, it kept key interest rates unchanged but simultaneously raised its inflation forecasts and made it clear that the fight against inflation is not over. Under Kevin Warsh, the central bank is also placing less emphasis on traditional forward guidance. As a result, markets will have to focus more on the data going forward, which is likely to make monetary policy expectations more volatile and reactions in the financial markets more erratic. On top of that, markets often react nervously in the first few months following a change in leadership at the Fed, as monetary policy, reaction patterns, and communication styles must first settle into a new rhythm. It is striking, however, that markets have recently interpreted the Fed’s stance as more restrictive than its projections suggest. While higher interest rates have been priced in for the short term, the Fed’s projections for the coming years continue to point toward falling key interest rates. 6.7 Oil Remains the Pacesetter Oil short positions at an all-time high, as of June 22, 2026. Source: Zerohedge Of course, the oil price remains a key factor for the next phase of monetary policy. The recent easing of tensions in the Persian Gulf and the resumption of shipping traffic through the Strait of Hormuz have put pressure on the crude oil market and dampened inflationary momentum for the time being. Should this trend continue, the recent surge in inflation could potentially prove to be temporary. This would also increase pressure on the central bank to reconsider interest rate cuts later this year. Despite the easing of tensions, however, the geopolitical situation remains extremely fragile. A renewed escalation in the Middle East could drive oil prices significantly higher at any time, thereby abruptly worsening the inflation outlook. Therefore, the current oil oversupply should not be misinterpreted as a sign of a permanently more balanced market. The additional volumes of crude oil that have entered the market in recent weeks, the extremely low inventory levels, the still-restricted transport routes, and the ongoing shortage of refined products point more toward a temporary distortion than toward a sustainable easing of the situation. Added to this are record-high short positions. Consequently, volatility in the oil market will remain high, and another price spike is already on the horizon. 6.8 Shortages of Intermediate Goods Will Feed Through to Consumer Prices At the same time, new bottlenecks are emerging in critical intermediate goods. Sulfur and sulfuric acid, in particular, are becoming a bottleneck for the extraction of numerous industrial metals and, consequently, for the supply of copper, nickel, uranium, cobalt, and rare earth elements. However, this is not only an issue for industry but also for inflation. When intermediate products become scarcer and more expensive, the effects are felt with a delay on investment, production, and ultimately on consumer prices. 6.9 Precious Metals as a Strategic Buffer The bottom line is that signs of a late phase in the cycle are mounting: While the major indices continue to trade near their all-time highs and still appear strong, market breadth, credit excesses, semiconductor euphoria, AI hype, and speculative IPO fantasies are already painting a significantly more fragile picture. Added to this are a cautious central bank, a still-volatile oil market, and rising consumer prices. The environment thus remains vulnerable to abrupt shifts in direction: The facade is still standing, but the foundation is already becoming noticeably more fragile. This is precisely why real assets should continue to play a central role in the portfolio. Although precious metals have been correcting for nearly five months and the weekly chart now shows signs of being oversold, the macroeconomic environment—marked by high debt, inflation, and political uncertainty—continues to support a gradual increase in holdings as a strategic store of value and liquidity buffer. Gold and silver are and will remain important diversifiers and provide the best long-term protection against inflation. 7. Conclusion: Gold – Bottoming Out Ahead of the Summer Rally After more than five months of correction, the gold market is likely gradually ripe for a counter-movement or recovery. The brief dip below the round mark of $4,000 may already have marked the early-summer low. Alternatively, the bears may make one last attempt in the coming weeks to push the gold price below this psychological level. However, given the oversold weekly chart and the now more favorable seasonal trends, the odds point more toward an upside surprise. The upcoming recovery could turn out to be a summer rally, targeting at least the range between $4,400 and $4,500. However, we are not yet convinced of a sustained breakout from the downtrend channel with prices clearly above $4,550; it is quite possible, in fact, that the correction will continue for the time being following a summer rally. This view is also supported by the increasingly fragile environment in the stock markets, which is characterized by dwindling market breadth, high credit leverage, AI hype, and speculative one-off fantasies. Overall, the big picture remains dominated by high uncertainty, as geopolitics, oil prices, inflation, and interest rates can set the markets in motion again at any time, while consumers face increasing price pressure. This is precisely why gold and silver are indispensable strategic building blocks in a world where the facade still stands, but the foundation is increasingly eroding. Florian Grummes Precious Metals and Crypto Expert www.midastouch-consulting.com Free Newsletter Source: www.celticgold.de

Published：June 25, 2026 According to experts at Bank of America (BofA), the recent pullback in the gold market is less a cause for concern and more of a strategic buying opportunity. Although the changed macroeconomic environment is forcing analysts to postpone their extremely bullish $6,000 price target until spring 2027 for the time being, they say it is precisely this correction that now opens up lucrative prospects. The long-term fundamental setup has remained completely intact—and massive valuation discounts have formed, particularly in mining stocks, according to the analysts. Macro Weakness as a Strategic Window of Opportunity The fact that the price of gold has recently slipped below the key $4,000 mark is primarily due to short-term interest rate fears. The geopolitical conflict between the U.S. and Iran, as well as the resulting global energy crisis, are forcing central banks to consider interest rate hikes instead of the hoped-for cuts. According to the CME FedWatch Tool , the market has almost fully priced in an interest rate hike for December. For strategic investors, however, this very interest-rate-driven period of weakness could open up an attractive window of opportunity. According to major investment banks such as BofA, UBS, and Goldman Sachs, the structural drivers of the gold price remain completely unaffected by the current interest rate debate: the spiraling U.S. budget deficits and the unstoppable trend toward de-dollarization are providing massive support to the market. A recent survey shows just how much potential still exists on the buying side: Nearly 75 percent of central banks want to reduce their dollar holdings, which is likely to inevitably lead to further gold purchases by central banks. At the same time, retail investors are significantly underinvested; gold investments currently account for only about 5.5 percent of global portfolios. Gold Mining Stocks: The Lever of the Current Correction BofA identifies the greatest opportunity in the current market environment in the gold mining stock sector. The correction in the spot market has led to discrepancies here that offer investors an asymmetric risk-reward ratio. A price-to-net asset value model from BofA shows: On average, the producers under observation are pricing in a gold price of just $3,354 per ounce. This means the sector is still trading at a massive 19 percent discount to the already-corrected spot price. This undervaluation is widespread across the entire industry, but the broad diversification also offers scope for targeted stock picking. While Wheaton Precious Metals (NYSE: WPM) has an implied gold price of $4,395 in BofA’s calculation, Franco-Nevada (NYSE: FNV) sits at the lower end of the valuation range with an extremely conservative $2,416. Bank of America’s conclusion: Investors who can withstand short-term interest rate volatility will currently find rare entry points in a structurally supported market. Source： https://goldinvest.de/en/gold-sell-off-opens-up-new-opportunities-especially-for-mining-stocks