【SMM Steel】Vietnam issued Decree No. 29/2026/NĐ-CP, setting the legal framework for a national carbon trading platform. The centralized market will be supervised by the government. The move aims to ensure transparent, traceable carbon transactions and is essential for linking with int'l carbon markets under the Paris Agreement. It also prepares exporters for stricter rules like the EU's CBAM.

CATL recently signed a strategic cooperation agreement with the University of Hong Kong (HKU), marking a significant step in its push to build a global zero-carbon ecosystem.

Date Set! 2025 SMM Copper Conference will be officially held from October 15-17! Register Now The conference will focus on technological breakthroughs, market trends, policy coordination, and international cooperation within the copper industry chain. It will feature keynote speeches, industry matchmaking, project signings, technology exhibition, and other sessions. We sincerely invite leading enterprises, research institutions, financial institutions, and industry experts from both domestic and overseas markets to participate and jointly explore new paths for the coordinated development of the industry chain. Conference Highlights Copper Industry Gathering The SMM Copper Conference is an annual grand event for the copper industry, bringing together industry leaders, traders, analysts, and other professionals from around the world. Participants have the opportunity to discuss and understand the latest trends, challenges, and opportunities in the copper market. SMM Copper Industry Carnival Gala Dinner The Copper Metal Carnival Gala Dinner is the social highlight of the annual conference, exclusively for invited VIP guests. It provides a unique networking opportunity and is one of the most important social events in the metal industry. Data & Analysis The SMM Copper Conference offers a wealth of market data and analytical reports to help participants gain in-depth insights into market dynamics and future trends. Participants can access detailed data and insights on copper metal prices, trading volumes, warehousing conditions, and more. Cutting-Edge Topic Discussions The Copper Conference includes multiple panel discussions and speeches covering a wide range of topics, from market forecasting to technological innovation, supply chain management, and the use of financial instruments. Through these discussions, participants can gain a more comprehensive understanding of the industry and practical insights. Global Perspective & International Collaboration The conference will explore the current state and future development trends of the metal industry from a global perspective, promoting international cooperation and exchanges. It features an online 1V1 appointment system to facilitate global participants in arranging meetings and exchanges. It serves as a centralized communication platform for long-term contract negotiations among upstream and downstream participants in the metal mining, smelting, and trading sectors. Register to Attend Target Attendees Downstream industries of copper mining, smelting, processing, and end-use applications · Copper Raw Material Sector Copper Mining Enterprises · Third-Party Service Providers Processing equipment, environmental protection equipment, automation equipment, etc. · Others Government, associations, industry experts, university research institutions, financial institutions, media, platforms, associations, futures companies, securities firms, and banks. · Copper Smelting Sector Copper Smelters · End-Use Sector Electronics, electrical, automotive parts, semiconductors, cables, circuit boards, PV, batteries, etc. · Processing Sector Copper rod, copper plate/sheet and strip, copper billet, copper busbar, copper pipe & tube, copper foil Register to Attend Overall Schedule Conference Agenda Forum 1: Precision Copper Processing Intelligent Manufacturing Forum October 15, Afternoon 13:30-14:00 2025 Copper Processing Material Capacity and Industry Analysis 14:00-15:00 Roundtable Discussion: Current Status and Future Trends of Copper Processing in 2025 15:00-15:30 Market Applications and Trends Outlook for Copper Pipes and Rods 15:30-16:00 Direct Rolling Technology for Secondary Copper: A Closed-Loop Path from Scrap to High-End Copper Rods 16:00-17:00 Roundtable Discussion: Where Should the Copper Industry Go Amid Overcapacity? Main Forum October 16, Morning 09:00-09:20 Opening Ceremony Speech 09:20-09:40 Global Copper Industry Chain Supply-Demand Pattern and Price Forecast for 2025 09:40-10:10 China's Copper Resource Strategy and Countermeasures for Overseas Investment Risks 10:10-10:30 Secondary Copper: The Key to Circular Economy for Breaking Resource Constraints 10:30-10:50 Planning for High-Quality Development of China's Copper Industry 10:50-11:10 Tea Break 11:10-12:00 Roundtable Discussion: Breakthroughs in the Copper Industry: Triple Challenges of Resources, Technology, and Markets 12:00-13:30 Buffet Lunch + Lunch Break Registration Forum II: Key Application Forum for Copper-Based New Materials October 16, Afternoon 13:30-14:00 Current Status and Trends of Global New Energy Development 14:00-14:30 Preparation Technology for New Generation High-Performance Rolled Copper Foil 14:30-15:00 Future Strategies for NEV Products and Application Trends of Green Materials 15:00-16:00 Roundtable Discussion: New Materials and New Applications in Intelligence, AI, Robotics, etc. 16:00-16:30 Effect of Thermomechanical Treatment on the Microstructure and Properties of Cu-Ni-Si Alloy 16:30-17:00 Application of Intelligent Technology in Copper Alloy Design and Strip Processing Forum III: Forum on Low-Carbon Energy Transition in the Copper Industry October 16, Afternoon 13:30-14:00 Interpretation of China's Copper Industry Policies and Transition Pathways under the "Dual Carbon" Goals 14:00-14:30 Innovation Practices in Green Mines and Low-Carbon Smelting Technologies 14:30-15:00 Research on Energy and Carbon Efficiency in Various Links of the Copper Industry 15:00-16:00 Roundtable Discussion: Symbiosis of Metals and Energy 16:00-16:30 Analysis of Costs and Opportunities for Copper Enterprises in the Carbon Trading Market 16:30-17:00 Practical Cases of Revenue from ESS Technologies for Enterprises Registration for Attendance

The National Energy Administration organized the first batch of pilot work for new-type power system construction. It proposed focusing on cutting-edge directions related to new-type power systems, conducting single-direction pilots through typical projects and multi-direction comprehensive pilots through representative cities, exploring new technologies and models for new-type power system construction, and promoting breakthroughs in this field. Emphasis will be placed on key breakthroughs, initially covering seven directions: grid-forming technology, system-friendly new energy power stations, smart microgrids, computing-power-electricity coordination, virtual power plants, large-scale high-proportion new energy transmission, and next-generation coal power. The principle of adapting to local conditions will be followed, selecting suitable directions for pilot projects based on regional realities and reasonably determining their scale and scope. Innovation leadership will be prioritized, encouraging the adoption of new technologies and models, supporting pilot projects to apply achievements from national major smart grid technology projects and energy equipment "shortcomings improvement" initiatives, while simultaneously advancing institutional reforms. It specifically proposed focusing on national hub nodes and non-hub node regions with abundant energy resources such as Qinghai, Xinjiang, and Heilongjiang. Based on scientific integration of source-load-storage resources, the plan coordinates regional existing and incremental data center green electricity demands with new energy resource conditions, jointly planning computing-power and electricity projects. By exploring the "green electricity aggregated supply" model featuring nearby new energy power supply, aggregated transactions, and local consumption, the proportion of green electricity in data centers will be increased. Through technologies like joint forecasting of computing load and new energy power, flexible control of computing load, and intelligent dispatching, source-load coordination will be enhanced, reducing power grid capacity requirements during peak periods. Data center waste heat recovery will be strengthened to improve energy efficiency. The joint operation of solar thermal power with wind and PV power will be explored to enhance stable supply capacity. Notice of the National Energy Administration on Organizing the First Batch of Pilot Work for New-Type Power System Construction NEA Power [2025] No. 53 To provincial (autonomous region, municipality) energy bureaus, relevant provincial (autonomous region, municipality) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps development and reform commissions, Beijing Municipal Urban Management Commission, dispatched agencies of the National Energy Administration, and relevant central state-owned enterprises: To implement the requirements of the Notice of the National Development and Reform Commission, National Energy Administration, and National Data Bureau on Issuing the Action Plan for Accelerating the Construction of New-Type Power Systems (2024-2027) (NDRC Energy [2024] No. 1128), typical and representative directions have been selected for pilot exploration. Relevant matters are hereby notified as follows. I. General Requirements Focus on cutting-edge directions related to new-type power systems, conduct single-direction pilots through typical projects and multi-direction comprehensive pilots through representative cities, explore new technologies and models for new-type power system construction, and promote breakthroughs in this field. We will persist in making breakthroughs in key areas by initially carrying out pilot work in seven directions: grid-forming technology, system-friendly new energy power plants, smart microgrids, collaborative computing and power systems, virtual power plants, large-scale and high-proportion new energy transmission, and the new generation of coal-fired power. We will persist in adapting measures to local conditions by selecting suitable directions for pilot projects based on the actual situations of different regions, and reasonably determining the scale and scope of the pilot projects. We will persist in innovation-driven development by encouraging the adoption of new technologies and models, supporting the application of major national science and technology projects in smart grids and the "short-board-filling" achievements in energy technology and equipment in pilot projects, and simultaneously carrying out institutional and mechanism reforms. We will persist in whole-process management by effectively managing the entire process of pilot projects, including application selection, organization and implementation, effect evaluation, and promotion and application, to ensure the implementation effect and play a leading role. II. Pilot Directions (1) Grid-forming technology. We will focus on applying new energy/new-type energy storage grid-forming control technologies in weak power grid areas with a high proportion of new energy access and in large-scale new energy transmission areas in "desert, gobi, and wasteland" bases to effectively address issues such as reduced short-circuit capacity, decreased inertia, and wide-frequency oscillations, thereby enhancing the new energy grid connection and transmission capabilities. In areas with weak power grid structures and isolated island operation systems, we will apply grid-forming control technologies to improve the system's voltage, frequency, and power angle stability capabilities, and enhance the level of power supply security and system stable operation. (2) System-friendly new energy power plants. We will focus on constructing or renovating a batch of new energy power plants in regions with tight power supply or significant consumption pressure. Through long-term and high-precision power forecasting, as well as intelligent joint regulation and operation of wind and solar power and energy storage systems, we will enhance the system-friendly performance of these power plants, increasing their confident output capacity during peak periods (no less than 2 hours) to over 10%. These power plants will sign collaborative dispatching agreements with dispatching institutions, clarifying the collaborative dispatching operation mode, as well as the reliable capacity and support duration included in the power balance. The power plants will declare their collaborative operation power forecasting results and power generation plan suggestions one day in advance, and the dispatching institutions will improve the dispatching operation rules to incorporate the power plants into the intraday power balance based on the data reported by the power plants. Priority will be given to constructing or renovating projects with a new energy installed capacity of over 200,000 kW. (3) Smart microgrids. We will select typical application scenarios and, in combination with new energy resource conditions, construct a batch of smart microgrid projects. By relying on technologies such as flexible regulation and control of load-side resources, generation-grid-load-storage networking, and collaborative operation control, we will improve the self-peak-shaving and self-balancing capabilities of smart microgrids, increase the proportion of self-generated and self-consumed new energy, and alleviate the consumption pressure on the large power grid. Smart microgrids will clarify the interfaces with the large power grid in terms of assets, management, etc., as well as the rights and obligations in terms of dispatching control, interactive operation, and the use of regulatory resources in the grid connection agreements. (IV) Synergy between computing power and electricity. The focus will be on national hub nodes and non-hub node regions with favorable energy resource conditions, such as Qinghai, Xinjiang, and Heilongjiang. On the basis of scientifically integrating source, load, and storage resources, we will coordinate the green electricity demand of existing and incremental data centers in the region with the conditions of new energy resources, and plan and layout computing power and electricity projects in a coordinated manner. By exploring the "green electricity aggregated supply" model, which involves nearby power supply from new energy sources, aggregated transactions, and local consumption, we will increase the proportion of green electricity in data centers. Through technologies such as joint forecasting of computing power load and new energy power, flexible control of computing power load, and intelligent dispatching, we will enhance the level of source-load coordination and reduce the demand for power grid security capacity during peak load periods. We will strengthen the recycling and utilization of waste heat resources from data centers to improve energy use efficiency. We will explore the joint operation of solar thermal power generation with wind and PV power generation to enhance the level of stable supply. (V) Virtual power plants. Focusing on scenarios such as aggregating decentralized power resources, enhancing flexible regulation capabilities, reducing power supply gaps, and promoting the consumption of new energy, we will build or retrofit a number of different types of virtual power plants according to local conditions. By aggregating various decentralized resources on the load side, such as distributed power sources, controllable loads, and energy storage, and through coordinated and optimized control, we will fully leverage flexible regulation capabilities. We will continue to enrich the business models of virtual power plants by participating in the electricity market and demand response, providing comprehensive energy services such as energy-saving services, energy data analysis, energy solution design, and carbon trading-related services, and generating corresponding revenues. (VI) Large-scale and high-proportion transmission of new energy. The focus will be on the transmission needs arising from the development of the "desert, gobi, and barren land" bases in north-west China and the integrated wind, solar, and hydro bases in the main river basins of south-west China. In conjunction with the national planning and construction of cross-provincial and cross-regional power transmission channels, we will reasonably configure the type and scale of supporting power sources at the sending end, optimize the scheme for connecting to the power system, adopt advanced technologies such as integrated power source coordinated control, flexible DC, multi-source adaptive commutation DC (SLCC), low-frequency transmission, and grid-forming technologies, and reasonably deploy reactive power compensation and energy consumption devices. This will improve the safe, stable operation, and flexible control level of the transmission channels, increase the proportion of green electricity transmitted through the channels, and explore methods for transmitting pure new energy, thereby promoting the consumption of a higher proportion of new energy through transmission. (VII) New-generation coal-fired power. In line with the pilot indicator requirements for new-generation coal-fired power plants outlined in the Implementation Plan for the Special Action on Upgrading New-Generation Coal-Fired Power (2025-2027), we will actively promote pilot projects for existing and new units that meet the conditions, targeting two categories of indicators: clean and low-carbon emissions, and efficient regulation. We will encourage the launch of pilot projects for new-generation coal-fired power plants that meet both categories of indicators simultaneously. In terms of clean and low-carbon emissions, we will significantly reduce carbon emissions from coal-fired power plants by adopting carbon reduction measures such as co-firing with zero-carbon and low-carbon fuels, and CCUS (carbon capture, utilization, and storage), taking into account regional characteristics and resource endowments. In terms of enhancing efficient regulation capabilities, it is necessary to meet all technical indicator requirements for efficient regulation, carry out technological innovation applications for main and auxiliary equipment, and optimize system integration. The focus is on improving the rapid load-changing, deep peak shaving, and wide-load efficient regulation capabilities of coal-fired power units in regions with high demand for rapid power grid regulation and insufficient peak shaving capacity. Units should possess the capability for safe and reliable start-stop peak shaving. III. Organization and Implementation (1) Pilot Project Application. For pilot projects in a single direction, applications shall be submitted by provincial energy authorities or the headquarters of central state-owned enterprises (excluding next-generation coal power pilot projects). Next-generation coal power pilot projects shall be uniformly submitted by provincial energy authorities, and a project support letter from the headquarters of the affiliated enterprise is required. For comprehensive pilot projects, provincial energy authorities shall organize energy authorities at the prefecture-level city level to select multiple pilot directions based on local conditions, forming a comprehensive pilot plan with prefecture-level cities as units, considering the construction of new-type power systems in the region, and submit the application to the National Energy Administration. Among them, comprehensive pilot projects led by central state-owned enterprises shall be jointly submitted by provincial energy authorities and central state-owned enterprises with prefecture-level cities as units. Provincial energy authorities and the headquarters of central state-owned enterprises shall widely solicit pilot projects, conduct reviews of similar projects based on application requirements, project feasibility, technical and economic viability, etc., and submit pilot project applications to the National Energy Administration on this basis. The construction or renovation commencement time of the applied projects must be after August 2024. If relevant approval, authorization, or filing procedures are required, the relevant procedures shall be obtained at the time of application (excluding next-generation coal power pilot projects). Next-generation coal power pilot projects must ensure the fulfillment of project element guarantee conditions. Provincial energy authorities and central state-owned enterprises shall organize the completion of application forms (see the appendix for details) and submit the stamped paper materials to the National Energy Administration (Department of Electricity) by June 30, 2025, with electronic materials sent simultaneously to the email address sunhe@nea.gov.cn. (2) Pilot Project Review. The National Energy Administration shall formulate a work plan for pilot project reviews, refine review criteria and procedures, and, upon receipt of application materials, entrust qualified third-party professional institutions to conduct reviews in accordance with the work plan. After review, a batch of projects and cities will be selected and included in the first batch of pilot projects and announced in a document. Subsequent pilot project applications and reviews will be conducted as appropriate. For newly planned and constructed next-generation coal power pilot projects, further implementation of project approval (filing) and other documents will be carried out after inclusion in the pilot scope. The relevant materials for the pilot projects determined through review will be simultaneously transferred to the relevant dispatched institutions of the National Energy Administration. (3) Project Implementation. After the pilot projects are determined, local energy authorities and project units shall strictly adhere to the plans proposed during the pilot project application for construction or renovation work. If significant changes to the plans occur, an application must be submitted to the National Energy Administration through provincial energy authorities or the headquarters of central state-owned enterprises. Energy authorities at all levels and central state-owned enterprises should track the implementation of projects throughout the process, coordinate to resolve relevant issues, and ensure the smooth progress of projects. During this process, provincial energy authorities and central state-owned enterprises should promptly report the phased progress to the National Energy Administration (NEA). The dispatched offices of the NEA should, in line with their responsibilities, strengthen tracking, supervision, and services for the pilot projects, and promote the implementation of the pilot plans. (IV) Supportive Policies. Energy authorities at all levels, the dispatched offices of the NEA, and central state-owned enterprises should, based on the needs for pilot exploration and innovation, actively carry out institutional and mechanism reforms, address policy bottlenecks, and create a policy environment conducive to the implementation of pilot projects. They should make coordinated use of funding channels such as ultra-long-term special treasury bonds to support pilot projects that meet the support directions and policy requirements. The achievements of pilot projects should be incorporated into the evaluation system for the construction of a new-type power system as an important component for assessing the effectiveness of its construction. The required coal-fired power generation capacity for the new-generation coal-fired power pilot projects should be prioritized and arranged by the NEA within the coal-fired power planning and construction capacity formulated by the state based on total volume control. Support should be given to the joint operation of upgraded units of existing coal-fired power plants, newly built units, and new-generation coal-fired power pilot units with new energy, and the new energy projects involved in joint operation should be encouraged to be connected to the grid on a priority basis. (V) Evaluation and Promotion. The NEA should organize comprehensive evaluations of the pilot projects in a timely manner, promptly summarize and promote advanced technologies, mature models, and supporting policy mechanisms, and give full play to the leading and driving role of the pilot projects. Pilot projects that fail to make progress should have their pilot titles revoked. National Energy Administration May 23, 2025

I. Policy Review: Synergistic Advancement of Top-Level Design and Local Pilots Implementation Rules for the Medium and Long-Term Development Plan for the Hydrogen Energy Industry (2025-2035) Released On May 8, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and the National Energy Administration jointly issued the implementation rules, setting the 2025 hydrogen energy industry targets: a fuel cell vehicle ownership exceeding 100,000 units, 500 hydrogen refueling stations built, and green hydrogen production reaching 500,000 mt/year. Key Directions: Additional subsidies for the demonstration city clusters of fuel cell vehicles, with a maximum subsidy of 500,000 yuan per unit; Allowing the construction of PV hydrogen production projects outside chemical industrial parks (subject to safety distance requirements). Multiple Regions Launch Hydrogen Transportation Demonstration Projects Shanghai: On May 10, the Lin-gang Special Area launched the "Hydrogen Heavy Truck Logistics Corridor," deploying 50 49-ton heavy trucks equipped with SinoHytec's 120kW fuel cell systems, supported by three hydrogen refueling stations; Guangdong: On May 12, Nanhai District, Foshan City, announced the "Hydrogen Ship Subsidy Policy," providing a subsidy of 10 million yuan per inland river hydrogen-powered cargo ship, aiming for a 10% hydrogenation rate of inland waterway vessels by 2026. EU Approves the Hydrogen Trade Security Regulation On May 14, the European Commission announced a "carbon tariff exemption" for imported hydrogen, but requires exporting countries to meet green hydrogen certification (life cycle carbon emissions ≤ 2 kg CO₂/kg H₂) and supply chain traceability. Domestic Response: Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, and other provinces rich in wind and solar power resources are accelerating international certification of green hydrogen projects to seize the early market opportunities in the EU. II. Corporate Dynamics: Accelerating Industry Chain Integration and Global Layout SinoHytec: On May 8, it announced winning the bid for the Beijing Winter Olympics hydrogen bus renewal project, providing 200 vehicles equipped with the fourth-generation fuel cell system, with power density increased to 4.8 kW/L; Refire: On May 11, it signed an agreement with Maersk to provide ten 200kW fuel cell systems for the world's first liquid hydrogen-powered container ship, scheduled for delivery in 2027. Energy Central State-Owned Enterprises Increase Green Hydrogen Production Sinopec: On May 13, it announced the launch of the second phase of the "Wind and Solar Power to Hydrogen Integration" project in Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia, with a total investment of 5 billion yuan, planning to produce 100,000 mt of green hydrogen annually, and constructing the country's first underground hydrogen storage facility; SPIC: On May 15, it formed a joint venture, "Middle East Green Hydrogen Company," with Saudi ACWA Power, planning to invest $3 billion in building a 4 GW electrolyzer production site in the NEOM New City, Saudi Arabia. Emerging Cases of Cross-Industry Collaboration CATL: On May 10, it unveiled a "hydrogen-lithium synergy" solution, leveraging retired power batteries as electrolyser energy storage units to achieve a 20% cost reduction in integrated wind-solar-hydrogen energy storage systems. SF Express: On May 14, it announced the pilot launch of a "hydrogen-powered drone delivery network" in Hangzhou, employing Guohong Hydrogen Energy's 90kW fuel cell drones with a driving range of 800 kilometers. III. Technological Advancements: Breakthroughs in Energy Storage, Transportation, and Fuel Cells Commercialization of Organic Liquid Hydrogen Storage Technology On May 9, Wuhan Hydrogen Energy and PetroChina collaborated to establish the world's first "liquid hydrogen refuelling station" in Huanggang, Hubei, achieving full-chain integration of methanol reforming for hydrogen production, storage, transportation, and refuelling, with a hydrogen storage density of 5.7 wt%. Cost Advantages: Compared to high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, this technology reduces transportation costs by 40% and is already suitable for commercial vehicle applications. Record-Breaking Energy Density in Solid-State Hydrogen Storage Materials On May 12, a team from South China University of Technology announced the development of rare-earth-based solid-state hydrogen storage materials with a volumetric hydrogen storage density of 110 g/L (under normal temperature and pressure) and a cycle life exceeding 10,000 cycles, targeting distributed power generation applications. Industrialisation Progress: The material has passed validation by Guangdong Hongli Hydrogen Power and is planned for mass production in 2026. Fuel Cell Lifespan Exceeds 30,000 Hours On May 15, Shanghai Hydrogen ProTech unveiled the P4H30 fuel cell stack, featuring a power density of 4.2 kW/L and a measured lifespan of 32,000 hours (under simulated operating conditions), representing a 50% improvement over the previous generation, suitable for long-cycle applications such as shipping and power generation. IV. Industrial Synergy: Cross-Sector Integration and New Business Model Exploration Implementation of a "Hydrogen-Electricity-Heat" Multi-Energy Complementary Park On May 10, Jiangsu Yancheng Economic and Technological Development Zone established China's first hydrogen-powered zero-carbon park, integrating a 20 MW electrolyser, 50 MWh solid-state hydrogen storage, and a 10 MW fuel cell combined heat and power system, achieving an overall energy efficiency of 82%. Business Model: The park enhances annual revenue by 18% through peak-valley electricity price spread arbitrage and carbon trading. Integration of Hydrogen-Powered Heavy-Duty Trucks with Battery Swapping Model On May 13, Sany Heavy Industry, in collaboration with China Energy Investment Corporation, launched a "hydrogen-powered heavy-duty truck battery swapping solution," with a single hydrogen refuelling time of just 3 minutes and a driving range of 800 kilometers. 300 units have already been deployed on coal transportation routes in Ordos. Policy Support: Inner Mongolia offers subsidies of 5 million yuan per battery swapping station, requiring a localisation rate of hydrogen refuelling equipment of ≥70%. ​​ Aviation Hydrogen Energy Alliance Established​​ On May 15, 12 enterprises including Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China, Ltd. (COMAC), Airbus China, and Sinopec jointly established the "Aviation Hydrogen Energy Innovation Alliance", with the goal of completing airworthiness certification for hydrogen-powered airliners by 2035. The first model will be the hydrogen-electric hybrid version of the regional airliner ARJ21.

On April 17, at the AICE 2025 SMM (20th) Aluminum Industry Conference & Aluminum Industry Expo - Aluminum Industry Chain Sustainable Development Forum , hosted by SMM Information & Technology Co., Ltd. (SMM), SMM Metal Trading Center, and Shandong Aisi Information Technology Co., Ltd., and co-organized by Zhongyifeng Jinyi (Suzhou) Technology Co., Ltd. and Lezhi County Qianrun Investment Promotion Service Co., Ltd., Yue Qingsong, General Manager of the Risk Management Solutions Center and General Manager of the Energy & Low Carbon Division in China at SGS, shared insights on the impacts and opportunities of the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) and the Due Diligence Act on the aluminum supply chain. How to Identify Carbon Certification Standards Green Development: The Inevitable Trend He elaborated on topics such as the Paris Agreement on climate change, China's 30-60 "dual carbon" goals, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), "the third distribution" and common prosperity, the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity COP15 Kunming Declaration, and more. Enterprises participating in the carbon trading market need to conduct inventories of their own carbon emissions and disclose relevant information. Investors and shareholders are placing increasing importance on sustainability information, necessitating more comprehensive non-financial disclosures from enterprises. Supervision is intensifying, with mandatory requirements on the rise. Certification Requirements Faced by Enterprises Key Standards He also introduced the SGS Greenhouse Gas Verification Certificate - Organization Level, the SGS Product Carbon Footprint Assessment Certificate, relevant standards, and the SGS Carbon Neutrality Service Certificate. The Main Process for a Company to Achieve Carbon Neutrality Step-1: Conduct a carbon inventory, Step-2: Set carbon reduction targets, Step-3: Implement carbon reduction targets, Step-4: Carbon offsetting, Step-5: Achieve carbon neutrality. Differences Between the EU's Carbon Tariff and Existing Standards CBAM Background • In 2019, the European Green Deal was launched, with its primary objective being to transform Europe into the first climate-neutral continent. The European Commission proposed a series of initiatives in climate, energy, transportation, and tax policy, aiming to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, while decoupling economic growth from resource use. • The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), also known as the carbon tariff or carbon border adjustment tax, requires the payment or refund of corresponding taxes or carbon allowances for high-carbon products imported or exported, on the basis of implementing strict domestic climate policies. Differences Between CBAM and Existing Standards Analysis of CBAM's Impact on China (2022 Data) (Note: In 2022, the average carbon price in the EU was 81 euros/mt, and in 2024, it was 65 euros/mt.) It also introduced the EU CBAM operational flowchart and the calculation formula during the EU CBAM transitional period. EU New Battery Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 The EU New Battery Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 came into effect on August 17, 2023. This regulation aims to strengthen the market operation of batteries within the EU (including products, processes, waste batteries, and material recycling), promote a circular economy, and reduce the environmental and social impacts of batteries throughout their entire life cycle. The EU New Battery Regulation imposes mandatory requirements on all types of batteries (except those for military, aerospace, and nuclear energy purposes) placed on the EU market, as well as those installed as key components in equipment imported into Europe. These requirements cover sustainability and safety, labeling, information, due diligence, waste battery management, battery passports, green public procurement, and other aspects. Meanwhile, the regulation specifies the responsibilities and obligations of manufacturers, importers, and distributors of batteries and battery-containing products, and establishes conformity assessment procedures and market surveillance requirements. Manufacturers of battery cells, modules, battery packs, ESS battery systems, power battery systems, and end-use products should pay close attention. EU New Battery Regulation (EU) – Battery Passport Requirements Standardization and Informatization Support Corporate Carbon Neutrality Building a Corporate Carbon Management System Based on Carbon Management System Standards The World's First EATNS Carbon Management System Standard: Carbon Emissions, Carbon Trading, Carbon Assets, Carbon Neutrality, Carbon Credit. The Necessity of a Carbon Management Informatization System Information-Based Carbon Data Management: Facilitates the collection, organization, and analysis of corporate carbon data, improving work efficiency. Real-time data collection and calculation are achieved through IoT technology, preventing data tampering and fraud. It supports the supervision and management of energy conservation and emission reduction, enabling enterprises to link energy conservation with carbon emission reduction, achieving true emission reduction and efficiency enhancement. It also helps enterprises respond to policy changes and fluctuations in the carbon finance market, enabling early prediction and operation to increase the value of corporate carbon assets. It introduced Version 1.0 of the Corporate Carbon Calculation System Solution. Version 2.0 of the Corporate Carbon Calculation System Solution 1. When the management platform is fully established and can track the electricity consumption of each production section, we can directly connect the information from the corporate management platform to the carbon meter. Professionals can preset the carbon meter based on production conditions to obtain real-time carbon emission data. 2. For those with an inadequate system, it is necessary to install smart meters to collect key data for carbon meters and open a manual entry page to record necessary information. 》Click to view the special report on AICE 2025 SMM (20th) Aluminum Industry Conference & Aluminum Industry Expo

On April 16, at the AICE 2025 SMM (20th) Aluminum Industry Conference & Aluminum Industry Expo - Alumina and Aluminum Raw Materials Forum, hosted by SMM Information & Technology Co., Ltd. (SMM), SMM Metal Trading Center, and Shandong Aisi Information Technology Co., Ltd., and co-hosted by Zhongyifeng Jinyi (Suzhou) Technology Co., Ltd. and Lezhi County Qianrun Investment Promotion Service Co., Ltd., Yi Kang, Director of Industrial and Commercial Energy Storage Solutions at the Integrated Energy Business Unit of CRRC Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Research Institute Co., Ltd., elaborated on how new energy enterprises can promote the low-carbon transformation of green electricity. Background and Significance ► Development Background At the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly, General Secretary Xi Jinping declared: "China will peak carbon emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060." The State Council's "2024-2025 Action Plan for Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction" sets a target of approximately 20% non-fossil energy consumption by 2025, along with 27 key tasks across 10 major initiatives, including energy conservation and carbon reduction in industries such as steel, petrochemicals, and chemicals. China's "30/60 Dual Carbon Goals" and "Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction" On March 11, 2025, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and ten other departments issued the "Implementation Plan for High-Quality Development of the Aluminum Industry (2025-2027)." By 2027, the proportion of production capacity above the energy efficiency benchmark level in the aluminum industry will increase to over 30%, and the proportion of clean energy use will exceed 30%. Accelerating the construction of zero-carbon industrial parks will become a key focus for implementing precise emission reductions and achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. Driven by both policies and demand, accelerate the construction of zero-carbon industrial parks. National and local policies emphasize the construction of zero-carbon industrial parks, with 2025 designated as the "first year of zero-carbon industrial park construction." ► Application Background Pain Points in the Aluminum Production Industry The aluminum production industry is characterized by high energy consumption, high carbon emissions, and low energy utilization efficiency. It is imperative to leverage integrated energy systems to create zero-carbon aluminum industrial parks. ► Integrated Energy Systems for Zero-Carbon Industrial Parks Zero-carbon industrial parks: These parks aim to achieve "zero carbon emissions" by offsetting all carbon emissions through collaborative efforts among multiple stakeholders across the industrial ecosystem chain, supported by clean energy technologies, carbon recycling, and energy storage and exchange throughout the entire life cycle of park planning, construction, and operation. The core of zero-carbon industrial parks is to construct integrated energy systems primarily based on renewable energy. Integrated energy systems for zero-carbon industrial parks: Features include integrating technologies such as new energy power generation, diversified energy storage, and carbon recycling within the system based on a multi-energy complementary approach, while considering various zero-carbon models like carbon neutrality and carbon recycling externally. This enables integrated planning and coordination of energy demand and supply within the park. Integrated energy systems provide strong support for the construction of low-carbon industrial parks. Construct integrated energy systems that are renewable energy-led and multi-energy complementary to create zero-carbon industrial parks. ► Significance of Zero-Carbon Industrial Parks Energy Conservation and Consumption Reduction: Enterprises can reduce energy costs, improve efficiency, and enhance competitiveness by managing and optimizing energy use and constructing distributed energy systems. Carbon Emission Reduction: Enterprises can reduce carbon emissions, improve environmental performance, and address "carbon tariff" issues by increasing the use of green electricity and direct green electricity supply. Stable Power Supply: Enterprises can improve the reliability and disaster resilience of their power supply, as well as manufacturing efficiency, by diversifying energy supply and deploying energy storage. Zero-carbon industrial parks reshape the competitiveness of the aluminum industry throughout its entire life cycle. System Solutions Integrated Energy Solutions - Overall Architecture for Full Life Cycle Solutions of Zero-Carbon Industrial Parks Complete the construction of zero-carbon industrial parks throughout their entire life cycle through preliminary inventory and planning, mid-term implementation, and post-implementation certification. Integrated Energy Solutions - Carbon Inventory & Carbon Neutrality Planning Conduct carbon inventories for existing industrial parks or estimate carbon emissions for proposed parks, and plan and implement carbon reduction pathways based on inventory results. Integrated Energy Solutions - Integrated Energy Solutions Integrated Energy Systems ► Create an integrated energy system for "generation, grid, load, storage, and control" within the park. ► Optimize dispatching, demand management, and coordinated control of "generation, grid, load, and storage" within the park using a platform as the core link; use the platform as a window for energy and carbon trading externally and to accept direct green electricity supply. Build an integrated energy system to uniformly plan, construct, and operate park energy facilities, reducing energy investment, lowering energy costs, and decreasing regional carbon emissions. Integrated Energy Solutions - System Advantages Safer Systems: Intelligent DC arc detection technology, active arc protection, and millisecond-level power cutoff; multiple active safety designs + a pyramid-style fire protection system to reinforce energy storage safety; 3D comprehensive situation awareness for intelligent early warning of core equipment. More Reliable Power Supply: High/low voltage ride-through capability with 30ms reactive power support and 1s response for AGC/AVC dispatching; minute-level black start capability and seamless switching between grid-connected and island modes; application of control methods such as virtual inertia and model predictive control to achieve microgrid system stability. Lower Levelized Cost of Electricity: A two-layer optimization model achieves optimal configuration and optimized dispatching of microgrid system capacity; charging/discharging volume increased by ≥8%; M♦♦T tracking achieves 99.9% system efficiency; dynamic demand control + diversified coordinated control technologies enhance microgrid revenue. Smarter Operation and Maintenance: Strict classification of fault types, intelligent fault alarms, and overall fault management; advance creation and automatic association of operation and maintenance work orders with multiple notification modes; permanent storage of alarm information for big data storage and quick data localization. Provide high-safety, high-reliability, high-revenue, and smarter products and technologies. Integrated Energy Solutions - Generation: Distributed Power Sources + Direct Green Electricity Supply New Energy Supply System: Leverage CRRC Zhuzhou Institute's distributed PV solutions and decentralized wind power solutions to create a distributed new energy supply system within the park; leverage CRRC Zhuzhou Institute's centralized PV solutions and centralized wind power solutions to create centralized wind and solar power bases outside the park for direct green electricity supply. The new energy supply system reduces energy costs and carbon emissions within the park, laying a solid foundation for creating a zero-carbon industrial park. Distributed power sources within the park and direct green electricity supply outside the park reduce grid electricity purchases and create a zero-carbon industrial park. Integrated Energy Solutions - Grid: AC Microgrid An AC networking solution that highly integrates the generation-grid-load-storage system, ensuring stable power supply and cost efficiency through day-night switching modes. Integrated Energy Solutions - Grid: DC Microgrid The power router supports AC/DC, multi-port, and multi-voltage access, serving as the core equipment for constructing AC/DC hybrid microgrids. It enables key functions such as power collection, transmission, storage, and distribution within the system, significantly improving operational efficiency. ♦ Simplified Access for Generation, Load, and Storage: Provides simplified networking solutions for multiple energy types (wind, PV, fuel cell cogeneration), diverse energy storage forms, and different loads, reducing conversion losses and improving efficiency by over 2 percentage points. ♦ Prefabricated Elastic Deployment: Adopts a high-frequency isolation scheme to achieve "silicon replacing copper," significantly reducing transformer volume and weight, decreasing floor space by over 40% compared to traditional solutions, and lowering construction costs. ♦ Intelligent Power Management: Full control of energy flow at each port, convenient and safe rapid fault isolation and protection; value-added services based on energy management systems to diversify revenue streams. The DC networking microgrid solution improves efficiency by over 2%, reduces floor space by 40%, and saves 30% on cable costs. Integrated Energy Solutions - Load: Industrial Energy Consumption Characteristics Energy Consumption Characteristics of the Park: Major energy-consuming processes such as electrolytic cells and roasting furnaces are predominantly DC loads, with a high proportion of DC power consumption in the entire aluminum production process. AC power supply systems require rectification. Logistics and transportation exhibit an electrification trend, with future transportation energy consumption primarily relying on electricity, and high-power charging piles mainly using DC. The electricity generated by new energy power generation systems is DC, which normally needs to be inverted to AC for power supply. In response to the load characteristics of the park, adopt AC/DC networking, combined with DC power generation from new energy sources, to provide DC power supply to the park, reducing inversion and rectification losses and improving energy utilization efficiency. Construct a new energy power supply microgrid system tailored to the power consumption characteristics of the aluminum production industry to reduce power conversion losses. Integrated Energy Solutions - Storage: Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems Park Energy Storage Systems: A full spectrum of user-side products, including distributed energy storage cabinets, large string energy storage containers, and high-voltage cascading systems, covering a wide voltage range from 400V to 35kV. These systems reduce energy costs in the park through peak-valley arbitrage, demand management, demand response, and dynamic capacity expansion, with plans to increase revenue from virtual power plants in the future. They can also serve as emergency power sources when necessary, enhancing power supply safety. Construct user-side energy storage to reduce energy costs and enhance power supply safety. Integrated Energy Solutions - Energy Management Platform Achieve optimized dispatching of integrated energy and low-carbon economic operation through supporting technologies such as "cloud computing, big data, IoT, mobile internet, AI, and blockchain," reducing overall energy consumption in the park system by 5%. Integrated Energy Solutions - Virtual Power Plants/Green Electricity Trading/Carbon Trading Virtual Power Plants: The platform splits virtual power plant management scenarios and multi-province trading functions into microservices, adapting to various types of equipment and business scenarios and flexibly expanding multi-province business usage. Green Electricity Trading: Distributed new energy can be aggregated through virtual power plants to participate in green electricity trading. Carbon Trading: Carbon assets, such as carbon allowances and CCERs, will possess commodity value and can be traded in the carbon market to generate profits. By constructing an integrated energy platform and conducting businesses such as load aggregation and virtual power plants, improve overall energy utilization efficiency and expand revenue sources. Integrated Energy Solutions - Carbon Neutrality Certification It elaborated on the first type: carbon neutrality commitment declaration and the second type: carbon neutrality achievement declaration. Remaining carbon emissions are offset through carbon allowances and other means to achieve a fully low-carbon/zero-carbon industrial park. Application Cases It introduced the industry status, a four-line AC/DC hybrid networking microgrid system for semiconductors, the Kunshan Kesen PV-ESS integrated microgrid system, and the Huadian zero-carbon construction site off-grid microgrid system, among others. Finally, it introduced an overview of CRRC Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Research Institute Co., Ltd., including its technological innovation and industrial overview. 》Click to view the special report on the AICE 2025 SMM (20th) Aluminum Industry Conference & Aluminum Industry Expo

On April 17, at the AICE 2025 SMM (20th) Aluminum Industry Conference and Aluminum Industry Expo - Main Forum, jointly organized by SMM Information & Technology Co., Ltd., SMM Metal Trading Center, and Shandong Aisi Information Technology Co., Ltd., and co-organized by Zhongyifeng Jinyi (Suzhou) Technology Co., Ltd. and Lezhi County Qianrun Investment Service Co., Ltd., Mo Xinda, Director of the Light Metals Department of the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association and Deputy Secretary General of the Aluminum Branch, shared the theme "In-depth Analysis of China's Aluminum Processing Industry: Hot Topics and Future Development Trends." ► Bauxite Guinea exported 146 million mt of bauxite in 2024, with China importing 110 million mt from Guinea, accounting for 70% of total imports. He also analyzed the average import unit price of bauxite and the price trend of alumina. ► Aluminum Supply-side structural reform + large-scale transformation + green transformation ► Secondary Aluminum Secondary aluminum continues to increase. In 2024, secondary aluminum production reached 10.55 million mt, up 8.9% YoY. Secondary aluminum is shifting towards applications in wrought aluminum alloys. With the integration of secondary aluminum and aluminum processing, it is expected that by 2025, the usage of secondary aluminum in the field of wrought aluminum alloys will exceed 50%. Secondary aluminum is transitioning towards grade preservation and closed-loop recycling. ► Overseas Investment • Full industry chain layout • Proactive and passive actions • Concentrated investment • High popularity remains ► I. Overview of the Processing Industry China's aluminum processing equipment level is internationally leading, with a complete range of products. • Significant late-mover advantage in equipment. Extrusion (over 300 imported), hot rolling (over 200 lines), cast rolling (about 1,000 units), continuous casting and rolling (2 lines), foil rolling (over 600 units), covering internationally renowned brands such as UBE, SMS, Minox, Danieli, Voestalpine, and Aschenbach. • Domestic equipment manufacturing capabilities have significantly improved. Achieving import substitution while exporting in bulk. China's aluminum processing layout is based domestically, with consideration for overseas, showing a significant trend towards globalization. II. Situation Observation - Foreign Trade Aluminum is an important trade surplus product among non-ferrous metals. In 2024, the export volume of aluminum semis and products hit a record high, with total overseas consumption exceeding 10 million mt. He introduced that the export market for aluminum semis and products is relatively dispersed. Trade friction is a byproduct of increased export competitiveness. ► The foreign trade situation is severe, and trade friction has become the norm. • Numerous: Uninterrupted and more frequent (over 80 cases). • Various types: Conventional practices are more frequent: anti-dumping, anti-subsidy, double anti, anti-circumvention, US 301, 232; New methods are emerging: US Xinjiang-related Act, EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, EU Circular Economy Action Plan, etc. • Wide regions, most intensive in the US and Europe: US, Europe, Canada, Australia (ongoing); Southeast Asia (heating up); South America, Eurasia, GCC (increasing). • Complex situation: Bilateral to multilateral; traditional markets to emerging markets; economic to pan-political; continuously enriched toolbox (design, standards, equipment, enterprises). He indicated that there are still many uncertain factors... II. Situation Observation - Carbon Constraints ► EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) Timetable: • October 2023 - the end of 2025: Transition period • 2026: Start of carbon fee collection - carbon fees are paid by EU importers Products involved: Aluminum in CBAM includes unwrought aluminum, aluminum semis, and some aluminum products. CBAM influencing factors: CBAM = (Actual carbon content of exported products - Free quota of EU products) X (EU carbon price - Export country carbon price). II. Situation Observation - Carbon Constraints We judge that CBAM will have no impact in the short term, and limited direct impact in the long term: • Currently only includes direct emissions, and the direct emission levels of various countries are not significantly different • If indirect emissions are not taxed, there is no difference in CBAM carbon fee accounting between using thermal power aluminum and green power aluminum • Using secondary aluminum raw materials can significantly reduce carbon emissions (secondary = 3-5% of primary) • The EU market futures are relatively limited UK version of CBAM: Time: 2027, Scope: Direct emissions + indirect emissions. ► Aluminum is about to be included in the national carbon emission trading unified market According to the work arrangement of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the aluminum industry is about to be included in the national carbon emission trading market management. • Regarding the coverage of greenhouse gases, the controlled gases in the aluminum industry are carbon dioxide, carbon tetrafluoride, and hexafluoroethane; • Regarding the scope of carbon emissions, only greenhouse gas emissions directly generated by the use of fossil fuels are traded, including carbon emissions from anode consumption and anode effects; • Regarding quota allocation, the number of free quotas obtained by enterprises is linked to product production (output). • We judge that the net consumption of carbon anodes will be the core factor affecting the surplus or shortage of carbon trading quotas for aluminum enterprises. Improving the quality of carbon anodes is crucial and imperative. ► End-users' independent carbon reduction cannot be separated from material support He cited cases of carbon reduction by BMW, Apple, and Tetra Pak China. III. Several Views 1. Professional development will be the focus of building comparative advantages in China's aluminum processing. • Largest, strongest, but also the most difficult (competition, "tariff war", cancellation of export tax rebates); • Investment needs to be rational!!! Development momentum should be based on market demand, not just on becoming a large enterprise or based on government demand; • Future development should not pursue being large and comprehensive, but should be based on specialization and refinement; • Attention should be paid to cultivating new quality productive forces (emphasis on technology, products, and applications); • Persistently expand applications (substitution and anti-substitution, seeking increments). 2. Improving the ability and spirit of struggle is crucial to fully consolidating the export market. • Fully utilize the four-body linkage mechanism to fully respond to trade friction • Diversify export countries • Extend the industry chain to improve the competitiveness of export products • Go global? • China's aluminum consumption needs overseas markets, and global aluminum consumption cannot do without Chinese products! 3. Attach great importance to green development and strive to build future competitive highlands. • Continuously enrich the green development toolbox, and incorporate green and low-carbon work into the governance system of industry enterprises Ø Improve energy efficiency (technical equipment transformation and upgrading, application of graphitized cathodes, etc.) Ø Green power aluminum (25.2%; market transactions, self-built, generation-grid-load-storage) Ø Secondary aluminum (production of 10.55 million mt; grade preservation recycling is more important) Ø Carbon trading (production/electricity consumption; strive to sell quotas) Ø Domestic sales/export (do a good job in resource allocation) Ø CCER (has been restarted) Ø Financial derivatives (integration of industry and finance) Ø ...... 》Click to view the special report on AICE 2025 SMM (20th) Aluminum Industry Conference and Aluminum Industry Expo

The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and the National Energy Administration issued the "Implementation Plan for the New Generation Coal Power Upgrading Special Action (2025-2027)". Building on the "Three Reforms Linkage", the plan further deepens and expands the technical index system for coal power, guiding the upgrading of existing units, the construction and operation of new units, and the pilot demonstration of new generation coal power. Investment in coal power upgrading is expected to accelerate. After the upgrade, coal power is expected to achieve excess returns through spot cargo and carbon trading markets, reflecting the regulatory and environmental value of the units. It is recommended to focus on leading enterprises with strong operational management capabilities in the thermal power sector. The coal power upgrade will also open up space for the integration of hydropower and new energy.

On April 17, at the AICE 2025 SMM (20th) Aluminum Industry Conference and Aluminum Industry Expo — Aluminum Industry Chain Sustainable Development Forum, co-hosted by SMM Information & Technology Co., Ltd., SMM Metal Trading Center, and Shandong Aisi Information Technology Co., Ltd., and co-organized by Zhongyifeng Jinyi (Suzhou) Technology Co., Ltd. and Lezhi County Qianrun Investment Service Co., Ltd., Zhang Shuchao, Executive Deputy Director of the National Light Metal Quality Inspection and Testing Center and Chief Engineer of Analysis and Testing at Chalco Group, shared with the attendees the interpretation of the national standard for carbon footprint accounting in aluminum production. 1. Relevant Background Relevant Background — Global Climate Change ► Extreme Weather: Rising temperatures, glacier melting, sea level rise, extreme weather, and ecological degradation. ► Main Causes of Climate Change: Greenhouse Gases (GHG) ► The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has conducted six assessments. In terms of "human impact on the climate system," the terms used were: possible, likely, very likely, extremely likely, and the sixth IPCC assessment, released in 2021, stated: unequivocal. ► Types of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) ► Global Warming Potential (GWP) of Major Greenhouse Gases To uniformly measure the relative impact of different greenhouse gases on climate change, the "Global Warming Potential" (GWP) value is generally used for evaluation. The greenhouse effect of carbon dioxide is set as "1" (i.e., GWP=1). If the greenhouse effect of another greenhouse gas of the same mass is χ times that of carbon dioxide, then GWP=χ. ► United Nations Climate Change Conferences It listed the United Nations Climate Change Conferences from 1992 to 2025, such as: 1992: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; 1997: Kyoto Protocol, Tokyo, Japan; 2009: Copenhagen Accord, Copenhagen, Denmark; 2015: Paris Agreement, Paris, France; 2024: Baku, Azerbaijan, initiation of the global carbon market; 2025: COP30, Belém, Brazil, etc. ► China's Actions to Address Climate Change 2011: "12th Five-Year Plan for Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions," with a 17% annual reduction; 2013: Online trading launched in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing, Hubei, Guangdong, and Shenzhen; 2016: "13th Five-Year Plan for Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions," with an 18% annual reduction; 2017: "National Carbon Emission Trading Market Construction Plan (Power Generation Industry)," officially launching the trading system; 2018: The Department of Climate Change was transferred from the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment; 2019: First-time requirement for verification of monitoring plan enforcement for key emission enterprises; 2020: Release of "Guidelines for Greenhouse Gas Emission Accounting and Reporting for Power Generation Facilities (Draft for Comments)," unifying accounting boundaries with quota compliance boundaries, reducing the workload for enterprises; July 16, 2021: National carbon trading market opened; 2024: Cement, steel, and aluminum were included. Relevant Background — Domestic Actions Carbon Footprint: Selective, substitutable; Carbon Trading; Energy Use Rights; Emission Rights. Relevant Background — Domestic Emissions 2024: Primary energy consumption: 5.97 billion mt of standard coal (2.62 CO2/t); Coal: 4.85 billion mt, including 110 million mt of imports; Crude oil: 750 million mt, including 536 million mt of imports; Natural gas: 430 billion m3, including 180.7 billion m3 of imports; Cement production: 1.825 billion mt; Steel production: 1.005 billion mt; Non-ferrous metals industry: Emissions accounted for about 7%; Aluminum: 44.005 million mt; Copper: 13.64 million mt; Magnesium: 937,000 mt; Silicon metal: 4.975 million mt; Non-CO2 emissions: 1.1 billion mt; Total emissions: ? 2. Standard Content Standard Content — Relevant Basis ISO 14064-1:2018: Specification and guidance for the quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals at the organizational level ISO 14064-2:2019: Specification and guidance for the quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals at the project level ISO 14064-3:2019: Specification and guidance for the validation and verification of greenhouse gas assertions ISO 14065:2020: Requirements for greenhouse gas validation and verification bodies ISO 14067:2018: Greenhouse gases — Product carbon footprint — Requirements and guidelines for quantification ISO 14068-1:2023: Greenhouse gas management and related activities – Carbon neutrality GB/T 32154 series: Aluminum industry: GB/T 32151.4-2024: Requirements for greenhouse gas emission accounting and reporting — Part 4: Aluminum smelters GB/T 24068-2024: Greenhouse gases — Product carbon footprint — Requirements and guidelines for quantification "Guidelines for Verification of Enterprise Greenhouse Gas Emission Reports (Trial)" GB/T 44905-2024 "Greenhouse Gases — Product Carbon Footprint — Quantification Methods and Requirements for Aluminum" ► ISO 14064: A standard designed for carbon management at the organizational level, focusing on helping enterprises account for, report, and verify greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Its goal is to help organizations establish a systematic carbon management framework, support the implementation of emission reduction projects, and ensure the reliability of carbon emission data. ► ISO 14067: Focuses on the carbon footprint assessment of a single product, helping enterprises quantify carbon emissions at various stages of the product life cycle (from raw material procurement to use and disposal). The core of this standard is the "product carbon footprint label," which provides enterprises with a transparent and precise tool to showcase the environmental friendliness of their products. Standard Content — Carbon Footprint It elaborates from the perspectives of general products (intermediate products) and end-use products. Standard Content — Aluminum Electrolysis Process ► Aluminum Electrolysis Process Diagram It also introduced the content of the standard content — chapter sections. Standard Content — Scope The system boundary of aluminum products is "from cradle to gate," i.e., from bauxite resource mining to aluminum product output, including bauxite mining and beneficiation, alumina production, prebaked anode production, aluminum electrolysis production, and aluminum casting, as well as upstream processes such as the production and transportation of auxiliary materials and energy (fuel, electricity). ► Auxiliary Materials and Energy Acquisition: Starts from the extraction of natural materials and ends at the production plant. Auxiliary Materials: Lime, caustic soda, chemicals, petroleum coke, coal tar pitch, fluoride salts, etc.; Energy: Gasoline, diesel, heavy oil, coal, natural gas, electricity, heat, etc. Aluminum production, bauxite, alumina, prebaked anode, aluminum, aluminum casting, trade-offs, impact less than 1%, total trade-offs not exceeding 5%, cathode carbon blocks. Standard Content — Data Classification It introduced on-site data/background data, primary data/secondary data, etc. Standard Content — Data Quality and Evaluation It elaborated on data quality, start and end times, geographical boundaries, technical scope, completeness, representativeness, consistency, information uncertainty, sources, data evaluation, etc. Standard Content — Inventory and Accounting ► Life Cycle Inventory: Data collection, data validation, data allocation, data trade-offs, inventory calculation ► Accounting Standard Content — Result Interpretation and Report 》Click to view the special report on AICE 2025 SMM (20th) Aluminum Industry Conference and Aluminum Industry Expo