Indonesia, as a crucial emerging market in Southeast Asia, possesses massive potential for the development of the photovoltaic (PV) industry. According to assessments by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Indonesia's potential PV power generation capacity reaches up to 207 GW. This article will provide an in-depth insight into the actual dynamics and industrial landscape of the current Indonesian PV market.

On December 16, the first phase of China Energy Engineering Group's Songyuan Green Hydrogen, Ammonia, and Methanol Integrated Project ("Qing Hydrogen One") officially commenced operation in Songyuan, Jilin, with the second phase simultaneously launched. The project has set four world records: largest scale, largest hydrogen storage capacity, widest load-flexible process, and largest alkaline electrolysis hydrogen production equipment, overcoming the world-class challenge of coupling fluctuating new energy sources with stable chemical production. This may signify that China's hydrogen energy industry has entered a new stage of large-scale commercial application.

[Ministry of Commerce: Guiding Foreign Trade Enterprises to Utilize Carbon Pricing Mechanisms to Expand International Markets] The Ministry of Commerce issued implementation opinions on expanding green trade. The opinions propose leveraging the supporting role of carbon pricing mechanisms, green electricity certificates, and green electricity. Improve and refine the carbon pricing mechanism, guiding foreign trade enterprises to utilize it effectively for expanding international markets. Fully tap into the potential of green electricity supply, expand the scale of green electricity certificate and green electricity trading, and further meet the demands of foreign trade enterprises. Encourage regions with favorable resource conditions to increase the supply of green electricity for enterprises through direct connections to new energy sources, and actively explore localized and proximate supply of new energy to export-oriented parks. Strengthen communication on issues such as carbon costs, carbon footprints, green electricity certificates, and green electricity, guiding trading partners to recognize China's carbon pricing mechanism, green electricity certificates, and green electricity.

On June 10, Wenergy Group held the unveiling ceremony of the Joint Laboratory for Fusion and Hydrogen-Ammonia Energy Engineering Applications, as well as the signing ceremony for the strategic cooperation agreement between Wenergy Co., Ltd. and Fusion New Energy Co., Ltd., at the Wenergy Intelligent Management and Control Center. Han Jun, Deputy Director of the Standing Committee of the Provincial People's Congress and President of the Provincial Association for Science and Technology, Wang Hong, Secretary of the Party Committee and Director of the Provincial State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, Wu Jinsong, Secretary of the Party Committee of the Provincial Department of Science and Technology, and Zeng Xiaoming, Member of the Party Leadership Group and Deputy Director of the Provincial Energy Administration, attended the ceremony. Li Jiangang, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and Chief Scientist of the Energy Research Institute of the Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, and Li Ming, Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee and General Manager of the Group, delivered speeches respectively. Relevant heads of departments from the Provincial Development and Reform Commission, Provincial Department of Science and Technology, and Provincial Energy Administration, members of the Group's leadership team, and relevant leaders from the Energy Research Institute of the Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center and Fusion New Energy Co., Ltd., participated in the ceremony. Lu Hao, Member of the Party Committee and Deputy General Manager of the Group, presided over the ceremony. In his speech, Li Jiangang stated that the Energy Research Institute and the Provincial Energy Group had already achieved a series of technological achievements in ammonia-blended combustion in coal-fired power units in the early stages. Both parties have a solid foundation for cooperation. In the future, they will focus on strategic issues related to energy security, conduct innovative research on new energy sources such as hydrogen energy, ammonia energy, nuclear energy, and fusion energy, build a high-level team of scientific and technological innovation talents, integrate the strengths of the capital market, carry out demonstration projects according to local conditions, accelerate the incubation and cultivation of the fusion energy and hydrogen-ammonia energy industries, and support the green transformation and high-quality development of energy in Anhui province. In his speech, Li Ming pointed out that over the past few years, the Provincial Energy Group and the Energy Research Institute have shared common goals and worked closely together, enjoying smooth communication and fruitful cooperation, and thus have a solid foundation for industry-research collaboration. As a major shareholder in the early stages, the Group participated in the investment and establishment of Fusion New Energy Co., Ltd. This time, in cooperation with the Energy Research Institute, the Group has established the "Joint Laboratory for Fusion and Hydrogen-Ammonia Energy Engineering Applications" and signed a strategic cooperation agreement between its subsidiary Wenergy Co., Ltd. and Fusion New Energy Co., Ltd. The aim is to leverage their respective strengths to jointly promote technological R&D, engineering verification, and commercial applications in the fields of controllable nuclear fusion, fusion energy power plants, and comprehensive utilisation of hydrogen-ammonia energy. The Group will fully allocate resources and provide institutional guarantees to promote in-depth integration among all parties in terms of technological breakthroughs, talent cultivation, and industrial incubation, creating a model for industry-university-research collaboration. Under the witness of the attending leaders, Li Jiangang, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and Chief Scientist of the Energy Research Institute of the Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, and Li Ming, Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee and General Manager of the Group, unveiled the Joint Laboratory. Fang Shiqing, Secretary of the Party Committee and General Manager of Wenergy Co., Ltd., and Huang Suzhen, General Manager of Fusion New Energy Co., Ltd., signed the strategic cooperation agreement on behalf of both parties. At the meeting, Researcher Guangnan Luo, Director of the Hydrogen and Ammonia Center at the Energy Research Institute of the Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, delivered a special report and interpretation on the development plan of the joint laboratory.

The report of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee clearly states that it is necessary to accelerate the planning and construction of a new-type energy system and improve policy measures for the consumption and regulation of new energy. Under the strategic deployment of China's "dual carbon" goals and the construction of a new-type power system, the scale of new energy development in China ranks first globally, with distributed new energy experiencing rapid growth. To further promote the local development and utilization of new energy and meet the green energy needs of enterprises, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and the National Energy Administration (NEA) issued the Notice on Orderly Promoting the Development of Direct Green Electricity Connection (hereinafter referred to as the Notice). By clarifying the scope of application for direct green electricity connection, standardizing planning and management requirements, and improving market pricing mechanisms, the Notice provides clear guidance for actively promoting the construction of direct green electricity connection projects in various regions in the next step. I. Proposing the Scope of Application and Construction Requirements for Direct Green Electricity Connection 1. Clarifying the definition and connotation of direct green electricity connection. Since the EU issued the EU Batteries and Waste Batteries Regulation and its supporting document, the Draft Rules and Annexes for Calculating the Carbon Footprint of EV Batteries, concepts such as "direct power connection" and "direct green electricity connection" have sparked heated discussions in society. Although the EU's relevant documents have clarified the concept and connotation of direct green electricity connection, China still lacks a clear definition for direct green electricity connection projects. To this end, the Notice clarifies the definition and connotation of direct green electricity connection at the national level for the first time, that is, new energy sources such as wind and solar power are not directly connected to the public power grid but are directly connected to a single power user through dedicated power lines. The new energy sources here can be either distributed or centralized, and after the project is completed, it can choose to operate in either an off-grid or grid-connected mode. 2. Clarifying the construction requirements for project power supplies. Direct green electricity connection enriches the ways for enterprises to achieve clean and green power supply and stimulates the enthusiasm of new energy enterprises for investment and construction. In this context, clarifying the construction requirements for directly connected new energy power supplies is crucial for the orderly development of direct green electricity connection projects. The Notice clarifies four scenarios in which direct green electricity connection can be carried out: Firstly, new loads can achieve direct green electricity connection through the construction of supporting new energy projects; Secondly, for existing loads to carry out direct green electricity connection, certain conditions must be met. On the premise that enterprises' captive power plants fully pay the renewable energy development fund, the power generation space for direct green electricity connection needs to be achieved by reducing the output of captive power plants; Thirdly, export-oriented enterprises can explore the implementation of direct green electricity connection and make full use of surrounding new energy resources; Fourthly, for existing new energy projects, if the construction of power grid connection projects has not yet commenced or if there is insufficient capacity in the local power grid for consumption, direct green electricity connection can also be carried out after fulfilling the necessary change procedures. Thirdly, it clarifies the project investment and operation model. For a long time, China has required that new energy grid-connection projects be uniformly invested in and constructed by power grid enterprises, or invested in and constructed by new energy enterprises and then repurchased by power grid enterprises, with relevant costs recovered uniformly through the state-approved transmission and distribution electricity prices. To better promote the development of green electricity direct connection, the Notice innovates the investment and construction model for green electricity direct connection power supplies and lines. Power supplies can be invested in by load entities, power generation enterprises, or through joint ventures established by both parties. Direct connection lines are invested in by load and power supply entities. If the power supply and load entities are not the same investor, both parties should sign multi-year power purchase agreements or energy performance contracting agreements. To better adapt to the requirements of safe power grid operation and the construction of a unified national electricity market, the Notice proposes that in regions where the spot market operates continuously, projects can feed electricity back into the power grid to participate in the electricity market. However, the overall focus remains on self-generation and self-consumption. It also clarifies that the proportion of surplus electricity fed into the grid should be determined by each region based on actual conditions. This requires regions to fully consider the local power grid's consumption capacity and the regulatory capacity of green electricity direct connection projects, reasonably set the proportion of surplus electricity fed into the grid, and ensure local self-generation and self-consumption as much as possible without affecting the utilization rate of new energy. II. Improving Safety Operation and Management Requirements for Green Electricity Direct Connection 1. Further clarify safety management responsibilities and boundaries for green electricity direct connection projects. Green electricity direct connection projects feature diversified resource types and investment entities. In addition to load resources, they also include new energy, ESS, and other resources. If various resources are not invested in by the same entity, an aggregated approach is needed to achieve coordinated and optimized operation of various resources, which will bring about internal safety management risks and unclear safety responsibility boundaries with the superior power grid. To strengthen the safety management level of green electricity direct connection projects, the Notice clarifies safety management requirements for green electricity direct connection projects in two aspects. On the one hand, from the perspective of internal management, green electricity direct connection projects should implement various safety production management measures. On the other hand, from the perspective of participating in system operation, grid-connected green electricity direct connection projects should form clear safety responsibility boundaries with the public power grid according to the property rights demarcation point, and reasonably determine their respective responsibilities for safe power supply. 2. Further standardize the dispatching and operation management mechanism for green electricity direct connection projects. As a new business model, green electricity direct connection can possess good regulatory capacity and real-time response characteristics by coordinating and optimizing the operation of internal resources. In the context of the construction of a unified national electricity market, how to align the dispatching management mechanism of green electricity direct connection projects with the market trading mechanism is an important guarantee for enhancing the safe operation of green electricity direct connection projects and the large power grid under market conditions. From the perspective of adapting to system dispatching and management, the Notice proposes that new-type power load management systems or power dispatching automation systems should be connected separately based on the categories of services provided to the system. From the perspective of current policy requirements, green electricity direct connection projects that provide demand response should be connected to the new-type power load management system, while those participating in spot {{spot cargo}} or ancillary services, which have higher real-time requirements, should be connected to the power dispatching automation system. To better leverage the overall regulation capacity of green electricity direct connection projects, the Notice also proposes that dispatching agencies should issue dispatching plans in accordance with the power generation and consumption curves independently arranged by the projects. This means that under normal operating conditions, green electricity direct connection projects will receive dispatching instructions as a unified entity. III. Improving the Market Trading and Pricing Mechanisms for Green Electricity Direct Connection Projects 1. Clarifying the Market Trading Methods for Green Electricity Direct Connection Projects. Considering the uncertainty and intermittency of new energy output, promoting the participation of green electricity direct connection projects in power market trading plays a crucial role in enhancing the level of new energy consumption and utilization, improving the reliability of power consumption for green electricity direct connection projects, and fully leveraging their flexible regulation capabilities. To this end, the Notice explicitly proposes to promote the participation of green electricity direct connection projects in the market as a whole. Even if the power supply and load do not belong to the same investment entity, they can participate in power market trading in an aggregated form after registration, by referring to the virtual power plant model. At the same time, it is also explicitly stated that the project load should not be purchased on behalf of by power grid enterprises. 2. Clarifying the Price Settlement Mechanism for Green Electricity Direct Connection Projects. As a new model that promotes the local and nearby satisfaction of load demand with new energy, green electricity direct connection projects provide high-quality guarantees for users to achieve clean and low-carbon production and transformation development. However, under this development model, they should not evade their social responsibilities due to the nearby utilization of new energy by the load and the reduction of power purchased from the upper-level power grid. On the contrary, promoting their fair assumption of social responsibilities, just like other users, is more conducive to the orderly and sustainable development of green electricity direct connection projects. The Notice explicitly proposes that green electricity direct connection projects should pay transmission and distribution fees, system operation fees, policy-based cross-subsidies, government funds, and surcharges in accordance with regulations. (Fan Pengfei, President of the Energy Policy and Market Research Institute, China Electric Power Planning and Engineering Institute)

The document states that the direct connection of green electricity, as referred to in this paper, means that new energy sources such as wind power, solar power, and biomass power are not directly connected to the public power grid. Instead, they supply green electricity to a single power user through direct connection lines, enabling a model with clear physical traceability of the supplied electricity. Standardize project construction. New loads can be supported by the construction of new energy projects. For existing loads, direct connection of green electricity can be carried out on the premise that the existing coal-fired and gas-fired captive power plants have fully paid the renewable energy development fund. By reducing the output of captive power plants, clean energy substitution can be achieved. Export-oriented enterprises with rigid carbon reduction requirements can explore the direct connection of green electricity for existing loads by utilizing surrounding new energy resources. Support is given to new energy projects that have not yet initiated grid connection construction or are unable to be connected to the grid due to reasons such as limited new energy consumption. These projects can proceed with direct connection of green electricity after fulfilling the corresponding change procedures. Encourage model innovation. In principle, the load serves as the primary responsible entity for direct connection of green electricity projects. Various business entities, including private enterprises (excluding power grid enterprises), can invest in direct connection of green electricity projects. The project's power supply can be invested by the load, by power generation enterprises, or by a joint venture established by both parties. In principle, the direct connection line should be invested by the load and the power supply entity. If the project's power supply and load are not invested by the same entity, a multi-year power purchase agreement or an energy performance contracting agreement should be signed, along with agreements on matters such as power facility construction, property rights division, operation and maintenance, dispatching and operation, settlement relationships, and liability for breach of contract. New energy power generation projects within the project are exempt from power business licenses, unless otherwise specified. In terms of trading and pricing mechanisms, encourage participation in the market as a whole. Grid-connected direct connection of green electricity projects enjoy equal market status and should register in accordance with the "Basic Rules for Registration in the Electricity Market." In principle, they should participate in electricity market trading as a whole, arrange production based on market transaction results, and settle accounts according to the exchange power with the public power grid. The project load shall not be purchased by power grid enterprises on behalf of the user. If the project's power supply and load are not invested by the same entity, they can also register separately and participate in electricity market trading in an aggregated form. Pay relevant fees reasonably. Direct connection of green electricity projects should pay transmission and distribution fees, system operation fees, policy-based cross-subsidies, government funds, and surcharges in accordance with the relevant regulations of the price and financial authorities of the State Council. Localities shall not reduce or exempt relevant fees in violation of state regulations.

Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and the National Energy Administration jointly issued the Notice on Promoting the Orderly Development of Direct Green Electricity Connection (hereinafter referred to as the Notice), which clarifies the specific requirements for developing direct green electricity connection projects from five aspects: scope of application, planning guidance, operation management, pricing mechanisms, and organizational safeguards. I. Defining the Scope of Application for Direct Green Electricity Connection In recent years, there have been preliminary explorations into direct green electricity connection both domestically and overseas. European countries such as Denmark, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania have successively introduced policies and regulations related to direct connection lines. In 2021, China's 14th Five-Year Plan for Renewable Energy Development proposed the construction of a batch of demonstration factories and parks for direct green electricity supply, as well as the implementation of high-proportion new energy demonstration projects for power generation, supply, and consumption. However, there is currently no unified and clear standard for the definition of direct green electricity connection both domestically and overseas. The Notice clearly defines the scope of application for direct green electricity connection, specifying that it refers to the supply of green electricity from new energy sources such as wind power, solar power, and biomass power to a single power user through direct connection lines without directly connecting to the public power grid. From a technical perspective, direct green electricity connection can be categorized into two types: grid-connected and off-grid. For grid-connected projects, the power supply should be connected to the user side at the property rights demarcation point between the user and the public power grid, ensuring that the entire project is connected to the public power grid as a whole. Compared with power supply forms such as the public power grid and various incremental distribution networks, direct green electricity connection projects enable clear physical traceability of the supplied electricity, better meeting enterprises' needs for green energy consumption and enhancing the local consumption of new energy. II. Strengthening the Management of Direct Green Electricity Connection Projects The development of direct green electricity connection projects involves multiple aspects such as planning, operation, and the market. To achieve an organic unity of systematicness, sustainability, and fairness, project management must be carried out in a solid and meticulous manner. The Notice sets out clear requirements in the aforementioned aspects. In terms of planning, firstly, it is necessary to distinguish between existing and incremental loads to standardize project construction requirements. This involves encouraging the construction of new energy projects alongside new loads, while also leaving policy windows for existing loads such as export-oriented enterprises with rigid carbon reduction needs and those supplied by captive power plants, fully reflecting the support for direct green electricity connection projects and the flexibility of the policies. Secondly, it is essential to strengthen overall planning to ensure orderly development, adhering to the principle of "one chessboard" for new energy development, energy and power, and territorial spatial planning. This includes clarifying the requirements for project connection voltage levels and mandating that projects be constructed and put into operation simultaneously according to an integrated plan. Thirdly, it is encouraged to promote the diversification of investment entities through model innovation. Support is given for different entities to invest in the power supply and load of direct green electricity connection projects, with the load serving as the primary responsible entity. Various business entities, including private enterprises (excluding power grid enterprises), are encouraged to invest in direct green electricity connection projects. In terms of operation, first, the operation mode of green electricity direct-connection projects will be determined based on the progress of market-oriented reforms. To fully leverage price signals to guide the optimized operation of green electricity direct-connection projects while minimizing the impact on the public power grid, the Notice specifies that the type and installed capacity of new energy power supplies will be determined in accordance with the principle of "determining the source based on the load." Only projects in regions where spot cargo operates continuously are allowed to feed electricity back to the public power grid. The upper limit of the proportion of the project's on-grid electricity to the total available power generation is generally not to exceed 20%. Considering electricity curtailment, the proportion of self-generated and self-consumed electricity to the available power generation should be no less than 60%. The proportion of self-generated and self-consumed electricity of the project to the total electricity consumption should be no less than 30%, and no less than 35% before 2030. Second, the internal resource coordination and optimization of green electricity direct-connection projects will be strengthened to enhance system friendliness. Internal resources should be observable, measurable, adjustable, and controllable, and connected to the load management system or power dispatching automation system as required, accepting the management of the corresponding dispatching agency. Grid-connected projects should fully enhance their flexible regulation capabilities through reasonable configuration of ESS, tapping into the potential for flexible load regulation, and other means, thereby minimizing system regulation pressure. In terms of the market, the direction of market-oriented reforms in the power sector will be adhered to, promoting grid-connected green electricity direct-connection projects to participate in the power market transactions as a whole. Green electricity direct-connection projects will enjoy equal market status, arrange production based on market transaction results, and settle accounts according to the exchange power with the public power grid. III. Clarify the Main Responsibilities of Relevant Parties in Each Link of Direct-Connection Projects Clarifying the economic, technical, and safety responsibility boundaries between green electricity direct-connection projects and the public power grid is a key link in supporting the development of green electricity direct-connection projects and achieving their implementation and operation. The Notice clearly defines the responsibility boundaries in accordance with the principles of safety priority and equal rights and responsibilities. In terms of economics, green electricity direct-connection projects are required to reasonably pay relevant fees, including transmission and distribution fees, system operation fees, policy-based cross-subsidies, government funds, and surcharges. Localities are not allowed to reduce or exempt relevant fees in violation of national regulations. In terms of technology, green electricity direct-connection projects should be equipped with various secondary equipment such as relay protection. The grid-related performance of internal facilities should meet relevant standards. The internal power generation, plant power consumption, self-generated and self-consumed electricity, ESS, and other gateways should have the conditions for separate and bidirectional metering. The public power grid should provide fair and non-discriminatory grid access services to projects that meet grid-connection conditions, using the project's access point as the reference point for metering and settlement, and conducting electricity bill settlement as required. In terms of safety, grid-connected green electricity direct-connection projects and the public power grid form a clear and definite safety responsibility interface based on the property rights demarcation point, with each party fulfilling its corresponding power safety risk management and control responsibilities within the safety responsibility interface. The green electricity direct connection project should strictly implement various safety production management measures, promptly carry out risk control and hidden danger investigation and governance, independently declare grid connection capacity based on the internal power balance situation, and ensure proper internal power generation and load regulation. The public power grid should fulfill its power supply responsibilities in accordance with the declared capacity of the project and relevant agreements.

The National Energy Administration organized the first batch of pilot work for new-type power system construction. It proposed focusing on cutting-edge directions related to new-type power systems, conducting single-direction pilots through typical projects and multi-direction comprehensive pilots through representative cities, exploring new technologies and models for new-type power system construction, and promoting breakthroughs in this field. Emphasis will be placed on key breakthroughs, initially covering seven directions: grid-forming technology, system-friendly new energy power stations, smart microgrids, computing-power-electricity coordination, virtual power plants, large-scale high-proportion new energy transmission, and next-generation coal power. The principle of adapting to local conditions will be followed, selecting suitable directions for pilot projects based on regional realities and reasonably determining their scale and scope. Innovation leadership will be prioritized, encouraging the adoption of new technologies and models, supporting pilot projects to apply achievements from national major smart grid technology projects and energy equipment "shortcomings improvement" initiatives, while simultaneously advancing institutional reforms. It specifically proposed focusing on national hub nodes and non-hub node regions with abundant energy resources such as Qinghai, Xinjiang, and Heilongjiang. Based on scientific integration of source-load-storage resources, the plan coordinates regional existing and incremental data center green electricity demands with new energy resource conditions, jointly planning computing-power and electricity projects. By exploring the "green electricity aggregated supply" model featuring nearby new energy power supply, aggregated transactions, and local consumption, the proportion of green electricity in data centers will be increased. Through technologies like joint forecasting of computing load and new energy power, flexible control of computing load, and intelligent dispatching, source-load coordination will be enhanced, reducing power grid capacity requirements during peak periods. Data center waste heat recovery will be strengthened to improve energy efficiency. The joint operation of solar thermal power with wind and PV power will be explored to enhance stable supply capacity. Notice of the National Energy Administration on Organizing the First Batch of Pilot Work for New-Type Power System Construction NEA Power [2025] No. 53 To provincial (autonomous region, municipality) energy bureaus, relevant provincial (autonomous region, municipality) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps development and reform commissions, Beijing Municipal Urban Management Commission, dispatched agencies of the National Energy Administration, and relevant central state-owned enterprises: To implement the requirements of the Notice of the National Development and Reform Commission, National Energy Administration, and National Data Bureau on Issuing the Action Plan for Accelerating the Construction of New-Type Power Systems (2024-2027) (NDRC Energy [2024] No. 1128), typical and representative directions have been selected for pilot exploration. Relevant matters are hereby notified as follows. I. General Requirements Focus on cutting-edge directions related to new-type power systems, conduct single-direction pilots through typical projects and multi-direction comprehensive pilots through representative cities, explore new technologies and models for new-type power system construction, and promote breakthroughs in this field. We will persist in making breakthroughs in key areas by initially carrying out pilot work in seven directions: grid-forming technology, system-friendly new energy power plants, smart microgrids, collaborative computing and power systems, virtual power plants, large-scale and high-proportion new energy transmission, and the new generation of coal-fired power. We will persist in adapting measures to local conditions by selecting suitable directions for pilot projects based on the actual situations of different regions, and reasonably determining the scale and scope of the pilot projects. We will persist in innovation-driven development by encouraging the adoption of new technologies and models, supporting the application of major national science and technology projects in smart grids and the "short-board-filling" achievements in energy technology and equipment in pilot projects, and simultaneously carrying out institutional and mechanism reforms. We will persist in whole-process management by effectively managing the entire process of pilot projects, including application selection, organization and implementation, effect evaluation, and promotion and application, to ensure the implementation effect and play a leading role. II. Pilot Directions (1) Grid-forming technology. We will focus on applying new energy/new-type energy storage grid-forming control technologies in weak power grid areas with a high proportion of new energy access and in large-scale new energy transmission areas in "desert, gobi, and wasteland" bases to effectively address issues such as reduced short-circuit capacity, decreased inertia, and wide-frequency oscillations, thereby enhancing the new energy grid connection and transmission capabilities. In areas with weak power grid structures and isolated island operation systems, we will apply grid-forming control technologies to improve the system's voltage, frequency, and power angle stability capabilities, and enhance the level of power supply security and system stable operation. (2) System-friendly new energy power plants. We will focus on constructing or renovating a batch of new energy power plants in regions with tight power supply or significant consumption pressure. Through long-term and high-precision power forecasting, as well as intelligent joint regulation and operation of wind and solar power and energy storage systems, we will enhance the system-friendly performance of these power plants, increasing their confident output capacity during peak periods (no less than 2 hours) to over 10%. These power plants will sign collaborative dispatching agreements with dispatching institutions, clarifying the collaborative dispatching operation mode, as well as the reliable capacity and support duration included in the power balance. The power plants will declare their collaborative operation power forecasting results and power generation plan suggestions one day in advance, and the dispatching institutions will improve the dispatching operation rules to incorporate the power plants into the intraday power balance based on the data reported by the power plants. Priority will be given to constructing or renovating projects with a new energy installed capacity of over 200,000 kW. (3) Smart microgrids. We will select typical application scenarios and, in combination with new energy resource conditions, construct a batch of smart microgrid projects. By relying on technologies such as flexible regulation and control of load-side resources, generation-grid-load-storage networking, and collaborative operation control, we will improve the self-peak-shaving and self-balancing capabilities of smart microgrids, increase the proportion of self-generated and self-consumed new energy, and alleviate the consumption pressure on the large power grid. Smart microgrids will clarify the interfaces with the large power grid in terms of assets, management, etc., as well as the rights and obligations in terms of dispatching control, interactive operation, and the use of regulatory resources in the grid connection agreements. (IV) Synergy between computing power and electricity. The focus will be on national hub nodes and non-hub node regions with favorable energy resource conditions, such as Qinghai, Xinjiang, and Heilongjiang. On the basis of scientifically integrating source, load, and storage resources, we will coordinate the green electricity demand of existing and incremental data centers in the region with the conditions of new energy resources, and plan and layout computing power and electricity projects in a coordinated manner. By exploring the "green electricity aggregated supply" model, which involves nearby power supply from new energy sources, aggregated transactions, and local consumption, we will increase the proportion of green electricity in data centers. Through technologies such as joint forecasting of computing power load and new energy power, flexible control of computing power load, and intelligent dispatching, we will enhance the level of source-load coordination and reduce the demand for power grid security capacity during peak load periods. We will strengthen the recycling and utilization of waste heat resources from data centers to improve energy use efficiency. We will explore the joint operation of solar thermal power generation with wind and PV power generation to enhance the level of stable supply. (V) Virtual power plants. Focusing on scenarios such as aggregating decentralized power resources, enhancing flexible regulation capabilities, reducing power supply gaps, and promoting the consumption of new energy, we will build or retrofit a number of different types of virtual power plants according to local conditions. By aggregating various decentralized resources on the load side, such as distributed power sources, controllable loads, and energy storage, and through coordinated and optimized control, we will fully leverage flexible regulation capabilities. We will continue to enrich the business models of virtual power plants by participating in the electricity market and demand response, providing comprehensive energy services such as energy-saving services, energy data analysis, energy solution design, and carbon trading-related services, and generating corresponding revenues. (VI) Large-scale and high-proportion transmission of new energy. The focus will be on the transmission needs arising from the development of the "desert, gobi, and barren land" bases in north-west China and the integrated wind, solar, and hydro bases in the main river basins of south-west China. In conjunction with the national planning and construction of cross-provincial and cross-regional power transmission channels, we will reasonably configure the type and scale of supporting power sources at the sending end, optimize the scheme for connecting to the power system, adopt advanced technologies such as integrated power source coordinated control, flexible DC, multi-source adaptive commutation DC (SLCC), low-frequency transmission, and grid-forming technologies, and reasonably deploy reactive power compensation and energy consumption devices. This will improve the safe, stable operation, and flexible control level of the transmission channels, increase the proportion of green electricity transmitted through the channels, and explore methods for transmitting pure new energy, thereby promoting the consumption of a higher proportion of new energy through transmission. (VII) New-generation coal-fired power. In line with the pilot indicator requirements for new-generation coal-fired power plants outlined in the Implementation Plan for the Special Action on Upgrading New-Generation Coal-Fired Power (2025-2027), we will actively promote pilot projects for existing and new units that meet the conditions, targeting two categories of indicators: clean and low-carbon emissions, and efficient regulation. We will encourage the launch of pilot projects for new-generation coal-fired power plants that meet both categories of indicators simultaneously. In terms of clean and low-carbon emissions, we will significantly reduce carbon emissions from coal-fired power plants by adopting carbon reduction measures such as co-firing with zero-carbon and low-carbon fuels, and CCUS (carbon capture, utilization, and storage), taking into account regional characteristics and resource endowments. In terms of enhancing efficient regulation capabilities, it is necessary to meet all technical indicator requirements for efficient regulation, carry out technological innovation applications for main and auxiliary equipment, and optimize system integration. The focus is on improving the rapid load-changing, deep peak shaving, and wide-load efficient regulation capabilities of coal-fired power units in regions with high demand for rapid power grid regulation and insufficient peak shaving capacity. Units should possess the capability for safe and reliable start-stop peak shaving. III. Organization and Implementation (1) Pilot Project Application. For pilot projects in a single direction, applications shall be submitted by provincial energy authorities or the headquarters of central state-owned enterprises (excluding next-generation coal power pilot projects). Next-generation coal power pilot projects shall be uniformly submitted by provincial energy authorities, and a project support letter from the headquarters of the affiliated enterprise is required. For comprehensive pilot projects, provincial energy authorities shall organize energy authorities at the prefecture-level city level to select multiple pilot directions based on local conditions, forming a comprehensive pilot plan with prefecture-level cities as units, considering the construction of new-type power systems in the region, and submit the application to the National Energy Administration. Among them, comprehensive pilot projects led by central state-owned enterprises shall be jointly submitted by provincial energy authorities and central state-owned enterprises with prefecture-level cities as units. Provincial energy authorities and the headquarters of central state-owned enterprises shall widely solicit pilot projects, conduct reviews of similar projects based on application requirements, project feasibility, technical and economic viability, etc., and submit pilot project applications to the National Energy Administration on this basis. The construction or renovation commencement time of the applied projects must be after August 2024. If relevant approval, authorization, or filing procedures are required, the relevant procedures shall be obtained at the time of application (excluding next-generation coal power pilot projects). Next-generation coal power pilot projects must ensure the fulfillment of project element guarantee conditions. Provincial energy authorities and central state-owned enterprises shall organize the completion of application forms (see the appendix for details) and submit the stamped paper materials to the National Energy Administration (Department of Electricity) by June 30, 2025, with electronic materials sent simultaneously to the email address sunhe@nea.gov.cn. (2) Pilot Project Review. The National Energy Administration shall formulate a work plan for pilot project reviews, refine review criteria and procedures, and, upon receipt of application materials, entrust qualified third-party professional institutions to conduct reviews in accordance with the work plan. After review, a batch of projects and cities will be selected and included in the first batch of pilot projects and announced in a document. Subsequent pilot project applications and reviews will be conducted as appropriate. For newly planned and constructed next-generation coal power pilot projects, further implementation of project approval (filing) and other documents will be carried out after inclusion in the pilot scope. The relevant materials for the pilot projects determined through review will be simultaneously transferred to the relevant dispatched institutions of the National Energy Administration. (3) Project Implementation. After the pilot projects are determined, local energy authorities and project units shall strictly adhere to the plans proposed during the pilot project application for construction or renovation work. If significant changes to the plans occur, an application must be submitted to the National Energy Administration through provincial energy authorities or the headquarters of central state-owned enterprises. Energy authorities at all levels and central state-owned enterprises should track the implementation of projects throughout the process, coordinate to resolve relevant issues, and ensure the smooth progress of projects. During this process, provincial energy authorities and central state-owned enterprises should promptly report the phased progress to the National Energy Administration (NEA). The dispatched offices of the NEA should, in line with their responsibilities, strengthen tracking, supervision, and services for the pilot projects, and promote the implementation of the pilot plans. (IV) Supportive Policies. Energy authorities at all levels, the dispatched offices of the NEA, and central state-owned enterprises should, based on the needs for pilot exploration and innovation, actively carry out institutional and mechanism reforms, address policy bottlenecks, and create a policy environment conducive to the implementation of pilot projects. They should make coordinated use of funding channels such as ultra-long-term special treasury bonds to support pilot projects that meet the support directions and policy requirements. The achievements of pilot projects should be incorporated into the evaluation system for the construction of a new-type power system as an important component for assessing the effectiveness of its construction. The required coal-fired power generation capacity for the new-generation coal-fired power pilot projects should be prioritized and arranged by the NEA within the coal-fired power planning and construction capacity formulated by the state based on total volume control. Support should be given to the joint operation of upgraded units of existing coal-fired power plants, newly built units, and new-generation coal-fired power pilot units with new energy, and the new energy projects involved in joint operation should be encouraged to be connected to the grid on a priority basis. (V) Evaluation and Promotion. The NEA should organize comprehensive evaluations of the pilot projects in a timely manner, promptly summarize and promote advanced technologies, mature models, and supporting policy mechanisms, and give full play to the leading and driving role of the pilot projects. Pilot projects that fail to make progress should have their pilot titles revoked. National Energy Administration May 23, 2025

SMM June 4 News: Metal Market: Overnight, domestic market base metals rose across the board, with SHFE tin up 1.54%, SHFE copper up 0.5%, SHFE nickel up 0.25%, SHFE lead up 0.36%, SHFE aluminum up 0.25%, and SHFE zinc up 0.52%. In addition, the most-traded alumina futures rose 1.27%. Overnight, the ferrous metals series all rose, with iron ore up 1.58%, stainless steel up 0.2%, rebar up 0.61%, and HRC up 1.15%. For coking coal and coke: coking coal rose 3.07%, and coke rose 2.05%. Overnight, in the overseas metal market, LME base metals generally rose, with LME copper up 0.23%, LME aluminum up 0.18%, LME lead up 0.25%, LME zinc up 0.5%, LME tin up 2.41%, and LME nickel down 0.4%. Overnight, in the precious metals market: COMEX gold fell 0.6%, and COMEX silver fell 0.05%. Overnight, SHFE gold fell 0.46%, and SHFE silver rose 0.2%. As of 8:22 on June 4, overnight closing prices 》Click to view SMM Futures Data Dashboard Macro Front Domestic: [Five departments, including the Ministry of Commerce, organize the 2025 NEV Rural Promotion Campaign] The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Commerce, and the National Energy Administration are organizing the 2025 NEV Rural Promotion Campaign. A number of special events will be held in typical county-level cities with low NEV promotion rates and significant market potential. These events will serve as hubs to radiate to surrounding towns, with a number of characteristic events organized based on regional characteristics. Synergies will be formed with pilot programs such as the charging and battery swapping infrastructure improvement in counties and the "vehicle-road-cloud integration" pilot for intelligent connected vehicles, promoting the allocation of high-quality resources to rural areas. Market entities in various fields, including NEV production, sales, finance, charging and battery swapping, and after-sales services, are encouraged to participate together. By combining policy tools such as trade-in policies and the improvement of charging and battery swapping infrastructure in counties, an integrated sales promotion plan of "car purchase discounts + energy use support + service guarantees" will be customized, and a comprehensive after-sales service network covering the entire lifecycle of car purchase, use, and maintenance will be established. [Two departments: Support green electricity application and encourage key energy-consuming entities to use green electricity] The NDRC and the National Energy Administration issued opinions on deepening the improvement of the "getting electricity" service level and comprehensively creating a modernized business environment for electricity consumption. Among them, it was mentioned that support should be given to the application of green electricity and facilitate the connection of green electricity to the grid. Provincial energy (electricity) authorities will take the lead in organizing the disclosure of information on the assessment of the carrying capacity of distributed PV access to the grid and organize power supply enterprises to formulate targeted improvement measures to promote the coordinated development of distribution networks and distributed new energy sources. Promote green electricity consumption. Power supply enterprises should establish and improve a long-term service mechanism for publicity and promotion, encourage and guide key energy-consuming entities to use green electricity, and stimulate the potential for green electricity consumption across society. Support green travel. Local energy (electricity) authorities should organize power supply enterprises to optimize and improve the electricity connection application service mechanism for EV charging (battery swapping) facilities, further simplify the application documents for residential users, and continuously enhance the efficiency of electricity connection services. Power supply enterprises should provide electricity connection services for e-bike charging facilities in accordance with the "three zeros" policy requirements, fully implement the task of comprehensive safety hazard rectification for e-bikes, and effectively safeguard the public's demand for green travel. [119 million domestic trips made during the 2025 Dragon Boat Festival holiday, up 5.7% YoY] According to calculations by the data center of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, over the three-day Dragon Boat Festival holiday, 119 million domestic trips were made nationwide, up 5.7% YoY; the total domestic tourism expenditure reached 42.73 billion yuan, up 5.9% YoY. US dollar: The overnight US dollar index rose 0.59% to close at 99.27. The market is also closely monitoring the US non-farm payrolls data and speeches by several US Fed officials on Friday for clues on interest rate policy. US data released on Tuesday showed that job openings increased in April, but layoffs also rose, indicating that the US labour market is cooling amid growing tariff concerns. The US employment report for May, to be released on Friday, may further reinforce this weakening confidence. Surveys of economists suggest that after an increase of 177,000 jobs in April, non-farm payrolls are expected to rise by 130,000 in May. The US unemployment rate is expected to remain stable at 4.2%, but the risk of it rising to 4.3% is not insignificant. US Fed officials once again advocated for caution in monetary policy on Tuesday, as trade disputes continue to inject significant uncertainty and the risk of economic weakness into the economic outlook. Chicago Fed President Austan Goolsbee said on Tuesday that inflation caused by US import tariffs may soon become apparent, but he noted that it would take longer to see the tariffs lead to a slowdown in the US economy. Other currencies: The OECD has revised down its 2025 GDP forecast for Japan to 0.7% (from 1.1% previously), while raising its 2026 forecast to 0.4% (from 0.2% previously); it is expected that the Bank of Japan will further raise interest rates. (Financial Link) The consumer price inflation rate in the eurozone fell to 1.9% in May, down from 2.2% in April and below market expectations of 2.0%. This is the first time since September 2024 that the inflation rate has fallen below the ECB's 2.0% target, further strengthening market expectations for a 25 basis point interest rate cut by the ECB this week, which could be the last rate cut in the current easing cycle. The main reason for the slowdown in inflation was a significant drop in service inflation, which fell from 4.0% in April to 3.2%, the lowest level since March 2022. Energy prices continued to decline, falling 3.6% YoY, while non-energy industrial product inflation remained at 0.6%. Prices for food, alcohol, and tobacco accelerated, rising to 3.3% YoY from 3.0% the previous month. Core inflation (excluding food and energy) fell to 2.3%, the lowest level since January 2022. (Huitong Finance) Data Aspects: Today, data including Australia's Q1 seasonally adjusted GDP quarter-on-quarter rate, Australia's Q1 GDP year-on-year rate, Russia's May SPGI Services PMI, the final UK May SPGI Services PMI, the US May ADP employment change, Canada's May total reserve assets, Brazil's May seasonally adjusted SPGI Services PMI, the Bank of Canada's overnight lending rate on June 5, and the US May ISM Non-Manufacturing PMI will be released. Additionally, notable events include: 2025 FOMC voter and Chicago Fed President Austan Goolsbee participating in a Q&A session; 2027 FOMC voter and Atlanta Fed President Raphael Bostic, along with Fed Governor Lisa Cook, attending the "Fed Listens" event; and the Bank of Canada announcing its interest rate decision. Crude Oil Aspects: Both WTI and Brent crude oil futures rose, with WTI up 1.31% and Brent up 1.52%. Ongoing tensions between Russia and Ukraine, as well as between the US and Iran, have sparked supply concerns, supporting oil prices. Russia is a member of the OPEC group (including the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and its allies). According to US energy data, Russia was the world's second-largest crude oil producer in 2024, second only to the US. Iran is the third-largest crude oil producer in OPEC, after Saudi Arabia and Iraq. In Canada, it is estimated that wildfires in Alberta have affected over 344,000 barrels per day of oil sands production, accounting for approximately 7% of the country's total crude oil output. Preliminary survey results released on Monday indicated that US crude oil inventories likely fell last week, while distillate and gasoline inventories may have risen. Before the weekly inventory report was released, the average forecast of four surveyed analysts was that US crude oil inventories fell by approximately 900,000 barrels in the week ending May 30. (Webstock Inc.)

Recently, the People's Government of Datong City issued a notice on the implementation plan for achieving peak carbon emissions in Datong City. The document states that support should be given to coal mines to fully utilize spatial resources and supporting facilities in coal mining subsidence areas and industrial sites, actively developing new energy sources such as wind, solar, biomass, geothermal, and hydrogen energy on a large scale and with cost-effectiveness. It also emphasizes the coordinated development of Energy Storage System (ESS) projects to achieve the integrated development of coal and new energy. The requirement to allocate new wind and solar power generation indicators to coal-fired power plants and coal mining enterprises should be implemented, and joint ventures between coal-fired power and new energy enterprises should be encouraged through methods such as renting regulation capacity, cross-shareholding, and environmental value cooperation. Planning should be made for future industrial clusters such as hydrogen energy and energy storage, cutting-edge new materials, and future health, aiming to establish a Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei base for incubating and transforming low-carbon, zero-carbon, and negative-carbon industries in the future. Explore and carry out demonstrations of low-carbon metallurgical technologies such as hydrogen-rich or pure hydrogen sintering and smelting, all-steel scrap electric furnace processes, and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) in blast furnace gas and hot blast stoves. Promote the equipment manufacturing industry, including general-purpose equipment, special-purpose equipment, and aerospace, to increase the proportion of green electricity application and optimize the energy utilization structure; carry out comprehensive applications of digital technologies to enhance energy utilization efficiency. Encourage manufacturers of new energy heavy-duty trucks to collaborate with enterprises in related industry chains such as batteries, charging, and battery swapping equipment, fully promoting the coordinated development of the entire industry chain for battery swapping heavy-duty trucks. Actively expand the application of new energy sources such as electricity and hydrogen in the transportation sector, gradually reducing the proportion of fuel vehicles. Accelerate the phase-out of old, high-energy-consuming, and high-emission vehicles, and promote the use of electric vehicles for newly added and updated taxis, sanitation vehicles, postal vehicles, and light urban logistics vehicles. Accelerate the adoption of new energy vehicles for public institution vehicles, and encourage party and government organs, enterprises, and institutions at all levels to take the lead in using new energy vehicles (NEVs). Accelerate the construction of a high-quality charging and battery swapping infrastructure system in accordance with the principles of "moderate advancement, balanced layout, and intelligent efficiency," increasing support for land use, funding, and other aspects for the construction of charging and battery swapping facilities. New and existing public parking lots should be equipped with charging and battery swapping facilities for electric vehicles (EVs) or reserve installation conditions for such facilities. Orderly promote the construction of infrastructure for other new energy and clean energy sources such as gas stations, hydrogen refueling stations, and methanol refueling stations.