The new hydrogen pipeline laying project for methanol recently completed filing. This is a new construction project, with the construction site located between the boundary of Shanxi Yaxin New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. and the boundary of the Lu’an Taihua plant area. The pipeline route will be laid along Kaixi Road and Kaizhong Road, with a total investment of 2 million yuan. According to the filing information, the project will utilize the existing overhead pipe gallery in the park to construct a new hydrogen transmission backup pipeline , with a pipeline length of approximately 1.8 kilometers. After completion, the annual external hydrogen supply capacity is expected to reach 144 million standard cubic meters. The project planned to start construction in June 2026 and be completed in August 2026. According to the filing requirements, construction may only formally commence after obtaining administrative permits from the relevant departments for planning, land use, construction, environmental protection, energy conservation, safety, and other aspects. From the perspective of application scenarios, this backup hydrogen transmission pipeline will further improve the hydrogen delivery supporting capacity of the park, providing support for the allocation of hydrogen resources among enterprises and stable supply. As the application of hydrogen energy accelerates in fields such as chemical industry, transportation, and industrial carbon reduction, the importance of park-level hydrogen transmission infrastructure is increasing.

On January 21, 2026, the State Council Information Office held a press conference where Vice Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Zhang Yunming and spokesperson Tao Qing introduced the achievements in industrial and information technology development in 2025 and answered questions. The key points are as follows: I. Overall Achievements: Four Key Features—Stability, Progress, Innovation, and Vitality Stability : The value-added of industrial enterprises above the designated size increased by 5.9% YoY, with the manufacturing scale ranking first globally for 16 consecutive years; telecommunications service volume grew by 9.1%, and the industrial and information technology sector contributed over 40% to economic growth. Progress : The value-added of equipment manufacturing and high-tech manufacturing increased by 9.2% and 9.4%, respectively; more than 35,000 basic-level smart factories were cumulatively established, and the number of national green factories exceeded 8,000. Innovation : The value-added of integrated circuits and electronic specialty materials increased by 26.7% and 23.9%, respectively; over 330 models of humanoid robots were developed, and the first phase of 6G technology testing resulted in more than 300 key technology reserves; NEV sales reached 16.49 million units, up 28.2% YoY. Vitality : 5G and gigabit optical networks were integrated into 91 out of 97 major categories of the national economy, while industrial internet covered 41 major industrial categories; the number of specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises exceeded 140,000, and high-tech enterprises reached 504,000. II. Progress in Key Areas and Next Steps (I) Green and Low-Carbon Industrial Development Progress : Energy-saving and carbon reduction transformations in traditional industries accelerated, with million-ton-level hydrogen metallurgy projects launched in Hebei and Guangdong, achieving an annual carbon reduction of over 50%; innovation capabilities in the energy-saving and environmental protection equipment industry improved, with over 1,000 technologies and equipment supported for promotion during the 14th Five-Year Plan period; integrated applications such as wind and solar power, energy storage, and hydrogen advanced, with the average utilization rate of renewable energy in green computing facilities exceeding 70%. Next Steps : Address challenges like flexible hydrogen production through technological breakthroughs; promote the large-scale adoption of technologies and equipment driven by application needs; improve standards in areas such as industrial green microgrids and clean, low-carbon hydrogen. (II) Humanoid Robots and Embodied AI Progress : Over 330 product models were developed, accelerating their transition to practical applications; innovation centers were established in Beijing and Shanghai, focusing on R&D of open-source general-purpose robots and operating systems; a standardization technical committee was formed, with participation from more than 70 organizations. Next Steps : Tackle key technologies such as large models and integrated joints; ensure quality, network, and data security; strengthen the ecosystem by enhancing fund support and building open-source communities. (III) New Materials Industry Progress : Innovation and industrial integration were promoted, with high-performance carbon fiber composites applied in subway car bodies; the first-batch new materials insurance compensation program was implemented, facilitating the market entry of products worth over 55 billion yuan; a system of five key platforms was established, and more than 500 standards were released. Next Steps : Leverage the strengths of the national system and market mechanisms, focus on areas such as advanced basic materials, and promote collaborative innovation across the entire chain, while strengthening policy and factor support. Full Text: Ministry of Industry and Information Technology: Main Targets and Tasks for Industrial and Informatization Development in 2025 Successfully Completed On January 21, 2026, the State Council Information Office held a press conference to introduce the achievements in industrial and informatization development in 2025. Zhang Yunming, Member of the Party Leadership Group and Vice Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, attended the press conference. Together with Tao Qing, Spokesperson for the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Director of the Operation Monitoring and Coordination Bureau, and Xie Cun, Spokesperson for the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Director of the Information Communication Development Department, they provided relevant details and answered questions from journalists. The following is a transcript of the press conference. Industrial and Informatization Development in 2025 Characterized by Four Features: "Stable," "Progressive," "Innovative," and "Dynamic" Zhang Yunming: Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, friends from the press! First of all, I would like to thank you for your long-standing concern and support for the cause of industry and informatization. In 2025, facing profound and complex changes in the domestic and overseas situation, and under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, the industrial and informatization system fully implemented the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and its successive plenary sessions, resolutely shouldering the key task of achieving new-type industrialization. The industrial economy advanced under pressure, developing toward innovation and excellence, achieving effective qualitative improvement and reasonable quantitative growth. The main targets and tasks for the year were successfully completed. Looking back at the industrial and informatization development in 2025, it was characterized by four features: "stable," "progressive," "innovative," and "dynamic." First, the "stable" trend continued to consolidate. We adhered to focusing the emphasis of economic development on the real economy, introduced a new round of work plans for stabilizing growth in ten key industries, supported major industrial provinces in playing a leading role, and effectively boosted the steady growth of the industrial economy. In 2025, the value-added of industrial enterprises above the designated size increased by 5.9% YoY, the proportion of manufacturing value-added in GDP remained stable, and the scale of manufacturing is expected to remain the world's largest for the 16th consecutive year. The total telecommunications service volume increased by 9.1% YoY. The contribution of the industrial and informatization sector to economic growth exceeded 40%, effectively serving as a "ballast stone." Second, the "progressive" pace continued to accelerate. We unwaveringly anchored high-quality development as the primary task, and solidly advanced the intelligent, green, and integrated development of manufacturing. The value-added of equipment manufacturing and high-tech manufacturing industries above the designated size increased by 9.2% and 9.4% YoY, respectively, with growth rates 3.3 and 3.5 percentage points higher than that of industrial enterprises above the designated size. Their share in the total value-added of industrial enterprises above the designated size increased by 2.2 and 0.8 percentage points compared to 2024. The digital and intelligent transformation of the manufacturing sector has been steadily advancing, with a cumulative total of over 35,000 basic-level, 8,200 advanced-level, and 500 outstanding-level smart factories established, and 15 leading-level smart factories nurtured. Industrial carbon reduction, pollution control, green expansion, and growth have been promoted in a coordinated manner, with more than 8,000 national green factories cultivated, and the energy and water consumption per unit of added value for industrial enterprises above designated size continuously decreasing. Third, new momentum continues to grow. We have focused on promoting the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, and have implemented key core technology breakthrough projects, industrial foundation reconstruction projects, and major technical equipment breakthrough projects. Significant progress has been made in major equipment such as ultra-large diameter tunnel boring machines and heavy-duty gas turbines, and artificial intelligence has injected strong impetus into industrial economic growth, with the first phase of 6G technology trials forming over 300 key technology reserves. The added value of industries such as integrated circuits and electronic special materials grew by 26.7% and 23.9% YoY respectively, the production of industrial robots increased by 28% YoY, and the sales of new NEVs reached 16.49 million units, up 28.2% YoY. Investment in emerging fields showed a good trend, with sectors like aviation, spacecraft, and equipment manufacturing achieving double-digit growth in investment. Fourth, the effects of "vitality" continue to manifest. We have accelerated reforms in key areas, implemented special actions to reduce the burden on enterprises, expedited the clearance of arrears owed to enterprises, and promoted the implementation of pro-enterprise policies, striving to create a vibrant environment for enterprise development. Initial results have been achieved in the comprehensive management of involution-style competition, and the competitive ecology in key industries such as NEVs and PV continues to improve. 5G and gigabit optical networks have been integrated into 91 out of 97 major categories of the national economy, and industrial internet has covered all 41 major industrial categories, injecting more vitality into economic and social development. Efforts have been strengthened to cultivate high-quality enterprises, with over 140,000 specialized, refined, unique, and innovative SMEs and 504,000 high-tech enterprises within their validity period cumulatively fostered. In 2025, the added value of specialized, refined, unique, and innovative "little giant" enterprises in industrial enterprises above designated size grew by 9% YoY, and the total profit of high-tech enterprises in the first 11 months grew by 5.3% YoY. Looking back at the past year and ahead to the next five years, during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China's industrial economic development has achieved new significant accomplishments, with its characteristics of resilience, potential, and vitality further highlighted. We are full of confidence in maintaining a steady and positive trend for industrial economic development in 2026. In the new year, the industrial and information technology system will adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, conscientiously implement the deployment of the Central Economic Work Conference, take promoting high-quality development as the theme, uphold the general principle of seeking progress while maintaining stability, better coordinate domestic economic work and international economic and trade struggles, better coordinate development and security, vigorously promote new-type industrialization, accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system with advanced manufacturing as the backbone, and focus on stabilizing growth, strengthening innovation, promoting integration, optimizing governance, and preventing risks, to ensure a good start for the 15th Five-Year Plan. I will briefly introduce these points. Building on the experience summarized from last year, we have continued to prepare this review material on the industrial and information technology developments in 2025 and during the 14th Five-Year Plan period for your reference. Next, my colleagues and I are ready to take questions from our journalist friends. Thank you. Q&A Session Emerging and Future Industries: Achieving Three "Batches" to Provide Strong Momentum for China's Economic Development Journalist: In recent years, how has the development of China's emerging and future industries progressed? The proposal for the 15th Five-Year Plan suggests cultivating and strengthening emerging and future industries. How will this be promoted and implemented? Thank you. Zhang Yunming: Thank you for your question. I will address it. Since the start of the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has resolutely implemented the decisions and plans of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, coordinating efforts to optimize and upgrade traditional industries, develop and strengthen emerging industries, and make forward-looking arrangements for future industries. We have advanced technological breakthroughs, achievement transformation, and industrialisation in an integrated manner, improving institutional mechanisms for supply-demand matching, collaborative research, resource sharing, and policy coordination. We have developed new quality productive forces according to local conditions, providing strong momentum for China's economic and social development, which is reflected in three "batches." First, a batch of innovative achievements with high "innovation content" have emerged one after another. "Good ideas" from the laboratory are continuously transformed into "good products" on the production line. Technologies such as perovskite materials, permanent magnetic materials, and power batteries are at internationally advanced levels. New-type networks, high-speed communications, advanced computing, emerging software, and blockchain technologies are accelerating iteration. Prototypes like atomic clocks and magnetometers based on new quantum technologies have been successfully developed. Superconducting quantum computers and photonic quantum computers have achieved quantum advantage, meaning these computers possess computational capabilities that surpass any classical computer in solving specific problems. Brain-computer interface technology is accelerating its expansion from medical applications to fields like education and industry. Second, a batch of new products with broad application prospects are accelerating their entry into the market. End-use products such as intelligent robots are continuously maturing and being put into use. Bio-manufacturing products are expanding their application scope in industries like pharmaceuticals and health, daily chemicals and cosmetics, and green energy. A number of new scenarios, such as "5G+," "Industrial Internet+," "Robotics+," and "Beidou+," are being rapidly cultivated, providing vast market space for the rapid industrialisation of new products. Third, a batch of competitive industries with strong international competitiveness have emerged. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, a number of emerging industries, including NEVs, PV, low-altitude equipment, ships, and marine engineering equipment, accelerated their development and growth, making the name card of "Made in China" even more "impressive."In 2025, NEV production and sales reached new highs, the PV industry developed steadily, injecting green momentum into global development. The number and variety of civil drone products continued to grow. The shipbuilding industry achieved simultaneous improvement in both quantity and quality, with industrial competitiveness continuously strengthening. Looking ahead to the "16th Five-Year Plan" period, in terms of emerging industries, we will thoroughly implement the action to develop and strengthen emerging industries and create new momentum, the large-scale application demonstration action for new technologies, new products, and new scenarios in manufacturing, establish national demonstration bases for emerging industrial development, and work from both supply and demand sides to accelerate the cultivation of emerging pillar industries. Regarding future industries, we will implement the "Implementation Opinions on Promoting the Innovative Development of Future Industries," continuously carry out the "unveiling the list and appointing the best" mechanism for innovation tasks, organize and implement a number of forward-looking and strategic major science and technology projects, support local governments in building a number of future industry pilot zones according to local conditions, increase government investment fund investments, and form a favorable situation nationwide where future industries compete for development. That's all for my answer, thank you. Thoroughly Implement the Smart Manufacturing Project, Continuously Carry Out Gradient Cultivation of Smart Factories Reporter: As benchmark demonstrations for smart manufacturing, the cultivation and development of leading-edge smart factories have attracted much attention. What landmark achievements have they made in key technology breakthroughs and industrial chain collaboration? How will the cultivation be deepened next to expand the demonstration and leading effect? Thank you. Xie Cun: Thank you for your question. Cultivating leading-edge smart factories is a strategic measure for China to seize the opportunity of industrial intelligent development and build future manufacturing competitive advantages. Since 2025, we have jointly promoted this work with departments including the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), the Ministry of Finance, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council, the State Administration for Market Regulation, and the National Data Administration, aiming to create a number of "Chinese models" representing the highest global level of smart manufacturing, paving the way and leading the overall upgrade of China's manufacturing industry. Currently, the first batch of 15 leading factories were collectively unveiled at the 2025 World Intelligent Manufacturing Summit, and the related cultivation work has achieved outstanding progress in three aspects: First, beneficial exploration has been conducted in manufacturing modes. The leading factories meet production requirements for high efficiency, high precision, high flexibility, and high quality, setting transformation benchmarks for their respective industries. Some automobile factories achieved flexible mixed-flow production of multiple car models, some petrochemical factories achieved autonomous operation relying on digital twins, and some optical cable factories conquered extreme manufacturing processes for ultra-large size preform rods, etc. These changes drove an average productivity increase of 29% and reduced product defect rate by 47%. Second, innovative breakthroughs have been achieved in manufacturing technology. Currently, artificial intelligence has penetrated over 70% of business scenarios in leading factories, accumulated more than 6,000 vertical domain models, drove the large-scale application of over 1,700 key smart manufacturing equipment and industrial software pieces, and formed a number of industrial intelligent agents with perception, decision-making, and execution capabilities, promoting the evolution of smart manufacturing from "automation" to "autonomy." Third, in terms of industrial value, it has driven synergistic upgrading. The lighthouse factories not only provide high-end products but also extend into high-value models such as large-scale customization, industry chain collaboration, and predictive maintenance, transforming from "product manufacturers" into comprehensive providers of "products + services + solutions." Lighthouse factories export relevant capabilities to the entire industry, driving the synergistic upgrading of more than 1,300 upstream and downstream enterprises, and promoting the overall leap of the industry chain toward the high end. Next, we will deeply implement the smart manufacturing project and continue to carry out gradient cultivation of smart factories. We will further expand the scale and establish more benchmarks. We will support leading enterprises in exploring future manufacturing models and continue to cultivate a number of lighthouse factories to lead the overall transformation of the industry. We will further refine standards and promote knowledge sharing. We will systematically summarize best practices to form replicable and promotable technical guidelines, standards, and solutions, and export and share them with the entire industry. We will further open up and collaborate, contributing China's solutions. We will promote lighthouse factories as sources of technology, standards, and rules, and accelerate their replication and promotion overseas, providing Chinese wisdom for the global digital and intelligent transformation of manufacturing. Let us look forward to lighthouse factories continuously injecting new momentum into "Intelligent Manufacturing in China" and exploring new frontiers! That's all for my answer, thank you. Three Aspects of Efforts to Expand Domestic Demand and Optimize Supply to Better Meet the People's Needs for a Better Life Reporter: The Central Economic Work Conference listed "adhering to domestic demand-led approach and building a strong domestic market" as the primary task. May I ask, what is the current development status of the consumer goods industry? In 2026, how will we further adapt to consumption upgrading, improve the supply capacity of high-quality consumer goods, and better meet consumer demand? Thank you. Tao Qing: Thank you for your question, I will answer it. The consumer goods industry is a traditional advantageous industry and an important livelihood industry in China. Currently, there are about 195,000 enterprises above the designated size, employing more than 25 million people, accounting for 37% and 34.3% of all industrial enterprises above the designated size, respectively. In the full year of 2025, the value-added of consumer goods industries above the designated size increased by 3.7% YoY, accounting for 26.1% of all industries above the designated size. In 2025, our ministry thoroughly implemented the "Action Plan for Boosting Consumption," and jointly issued and implemented the "Implementation Plan on Enhancing the Adaptability of Consumer Goods Supply and Demand to Further Promote Consumption" with multiple departments. We mainly focused on three aspects to continuously expand domestic demand, optimize supply, and better meet the people's growing needs for a better life. First, we made every effort to optimize supply-demand synergy and continuously increased the supply of high-quality products. We organized promotional consumption activities such as "Foodie Season," "Better Supply and Upgrading in Textiles and Apparel," and "Shopping Season for Respecting the Elderly," cumulatively releasing 35 landmark bio-manufacturing products, 1,321 innovative textile products, 1,188 high-quality elderly products, and 1,021 upgraded and innovative consumer goods. We improved the quality and safety traceability system for infant formula milk powder, striving to meet diverse consumer demands with high-quality supply, so that the people "have the supply for what they want to buy and feel more assured about what they buy." Second, strengthen the leading role of brand strategy to activate the intrinsic momentum of domestic product consumption. Deeply implement the "increase variety, improve quality, and create brands" strategy in the consumer goods industry, release the first batch of 93 enterprise brands and 43 regional brands of Chinese consumer famous products, organize and host the Famous Consumer Products Conference, and improve the brand cultivation and promotion system. Focus on cultivating historical classic industries, creating "national trend masterpieces" such as Chinese tea, silk, and porcelain, exploring new consumption scenarios, formats, and models, and promoting domestic products to not only "break out" but also "shine," becoming the "favorites" of the people's consumption. Third, consolidate the foundation of industrial upgrading and build a solid support for high-quality supply. Issue and implement digital transformation plans for industries such as textiles, light industry, food, and pharmaceuticals. Strengthen the construction of distinctive industrial clusters in the consumer goods industry, release the first list of 39 traditional advantageous food production areas and key local specialty food industries for cultivation, and 25 key textile and garment special industry clusters (at the county level) under the "one county, one policy" initiative in central and western regions, making the consumer market both full of "vitality" and more "technological." Next, we will resolutely implement the decisions and deployments of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, closely follow the orientation of supply-demand collaboration, keep up with the trend of consumption upgrade, optimize product supply, continuously build an array of Chinese consumer famous products, improve the brand development ecosystem, steadily promote the intelligent, green, and integrated development of the consumer goods industry, and build a "hard support" for consumption supply. With more practical measures, we will release consumption vitality, enhance consumption momentum, and promote more domestic products to gain fame domestically and go global, making consumption choices richer and the consumption experience more comfortable. That concludes my response, thank you. Five Measures to Accelerate High-Quality Development of the Artificial Intelligence Industry Reporter : In the context of "AI + Manufacturing," which industries will be prioritized for support? How will the balance be struck between potential unemployment or foreign restrictions due to innovative development? Thank you. Zhang Yunming : Thank you for your question. I will answer it now. By 2025, global artificial intelligence technology will accelerate innovation and iteration, deepening integration with various industries and fields. 2025 is also a year when China's artificial intelligence industry thrives and shines. We focus on both the development of the AI industry and its deep application in the manufacturing sector, achieving significant results, mainly in four aspects. First, the foundation continues to be strengthened. Domestic enterprises have released multiple AI chip products, with smart computing power reaching 1,590 EFLOPS. High-quality data sets in the industry are emerging at an accelerated pace, and domestic large models lead the global open-source ecosystem. According to relevant institutions, by 2025, the number of AI enterprises in China will exceed 6,000, and the core industry scale is expected to surpass 1.2 trillion yuan. Second, products have become increasingly diverse. AI-enabled end-use products such as AI phones, AI computers, and AI glasses are rapidly entering millions of households. In the first three quarters of 2025, shipments in the smart glasses market exceeded 1.78 million units, nearly 80% of which were AI glasses, adding a greater sense of technology and futurism to production and daily life. Third, applications continue to expand. Currently, AI applications have covered key industries such as steel, nonferrous metals, power, and communications, and are gradually penetrating key areas such as product R&D, quality detection, and client services. For example, a home appliance enterprise used its self-developed "5G+AI" industrial visual detection system to increase detection accuracy to 99.98% and improve per capita productivity by 275%. Fourth, the ecosystem is accelerating its growth. The National AI Industry Investment Fund was launched and put into operation, with a capital scale of 60 billion yuan. The AI Standardization Special Initiative was further implemented, resulting in the development and release of over 40 key national and industry standards by 2025, along with the incubation and launch of key open-source projects such as agent protocols and operator libraries. Recently, our ministry, together with seven other departments, issued the Implementation Opinions on the Special Initiative for "AI + Manufacturing," accompanied by industry transformation guidelines and enterprise application guides. In the next step, we will focus on implementing the Implementation Opinions to accelerate the high-quality development of the AI industry. We will strengthen technological innovation, accelerating breakthroughs in key technologies such as training chips and heterogeneous computing power. We will promote integrated applications, focusing on sectors such as software programming, new materials R&D, pharmaceutical R&D, and information communications, and systematically drive breakthroughs in large and small models as well as intelligent agents. We will foster enterprise growth, stimulating the emergence of more enabling application service providers. We will enhance ecosystem development, accelerating the formulation of urgently needed industry standards and improving the AI open-source mechanism. We will advance security governance, strengthening R&D and application in areas such as algorithm security protection and training data protection, and enhancing enterprises' ability to prevent ethical risks. Regarding the employment issue you mentioned, I would like to emphasize that this is an inevitable challenge in the development of AI. Technological progress often accompanies the restructuring of employment patterns and the iteration of job positions. However, restructuring does not mean disappearance, and iteration does not mean replacement. We must view the challenges of development through the lens of development itself. This is also an issue we must resolve. Every country faces similar challenges in the process of developing AI. We will adhere to application-driven approaches, fully leverage the enabling role of AI integration, and while promoting the restructuring of organizational models, work methods, and production paradigms, continuously enhance the AI literacy of workers and cultivate more interdisciplinary talents who understand both AI and manufacturing. This is also an issue that has been proven by the laws of historical development to be inevitably solvable. From the Industrial Revolution to the Information Technology Revolution, every major technological transformation has raised concerns about employment, but ultimately, through industrial transformation, productivity has been enhanced, employment structures optimized, and new jobs created. Finally, I would like to emphasize that in the face of artificial intelligence development, we must uphold the concept of a community with a shared future for humanity, strengthen international exchanges and cooperation with an open and win-win attitude. The new challenges brought by artificial intelligence will surely be effectively resolved, and we should all be full of confidence in this. Thank you! Cultivating New Momentum for Green Development from Three Aspects: Technology Drive, Application Traction, and Standards Leadership Reporter: We have noticed that in 2025, the green and low-carbon transformation of industry accelerated, and the green manufacturing system continued to improve. May I ask what progress has been made in promoting the green and low-carbon development of industry, and how will we further contribute to high-quality green and low-carbon development in the future? Thank you. Tao Qing: Thank you for your question. I will answer it. The advancement of intelligent production technologies and green energy technologies, while empowering industrial greening, has also given rise to green industrialisation. Our ministry has consistently implemented the decisions and deployments of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, actively cultivating new momentum for green development, seeking innovation through green transformation, and achieving positive results. First, unleashing new vitality in traditional industries. We have deeply advanced energy-saving and carbon reduction upgrades, promoting traditional industries to achieve green expansion and growth through carbon reduction and pollution control. For example, using hydrogen as a reducing agent for iron smelting can reduce pollutants and carbon dioxide emissions at the source. Currently, million-ton-level hydrogen metallurgy projects in Hebei, Guangdong, and other places have been successively put into operation. Compared to traditional processes, these can reduce carbon emissions by over 50% annually, creating a new landscape for the development of the steel industry. Second, providing new equipment for energy conservation and environmental protection. China's energy conservation and environmental protection equipment industry has continued to expand in scale, with innovation capabilities significantly enhanced. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, our ministry supported the promotion and application of over a thousand technological equipment items for energy saving, carbon reduction, water conservation, and pollution reduction. We carried out innovation tasks for major environmental protection technologies and equipment through open solicitation, strengthened breakthroughs and supply-demand matching, providing key equipment support for the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development. Third, developing new business models in green energy. We have proactively adapted to the new-type power system, enhancing the local consumption level of renewable energy. We coordinated the construction and application of industrial green microgrids and digital energy-carbon management centers, released typical application scenarios and cases, and guided the integrated application of wind power, solar power, energy storage, and hydrogen. In 2025, the average utilization rate of renewable energy in national green computing facilities exceeded 70%. The Central Economic Work Conference identified "adhering to the 'dual carbon' goals as the guide and promoting comprehensive green transformation" as a key task for next year's economic work. In the next step, we will thoroughly implement Xi Jinping's Thought on Ecological Civilization, firmly establish and practice the concept that "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets," and focus on three aspects to cultivate new momentum for green development: Technology-driven aspect: Addressing industrial development needs, we will focus on tackling difficulties and bottlenecks such as flexible hydrogen production and the digital-intelligent operation of microgrids, develop key energy-saving and environmental protection equipment and integrated system solutions suited to specific scenarios, and establish a technology and equipment R&D and promotion mechanism dominated by enterprises and deeply integrated with industry, academia, research, and application. Application-led aspect: Guided by market demand, we will direct various resource elements towards green and low-carbon development, promote the transition of advanced and applicable technology and equipment from "demonstration applications" to "large-scale popularization," and form a virtuous cycle of technological iteration, industrial upgrading, and model innovation. Standard-led aspect: Focusing on areas such as industrial green microgrids, clean low-carbon hydrogen, and energy-saving and environmental protection equipment, we will formulate and revise a batch of basic universal and technical specification standards, promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into standards, safeguard baseline requirements and create benchmarks, and comprehensively strengthen the implementation and application of standards. Thank you. Improving the Policy and Regulatory Framework, High-Quality Enterprise Cultivation, and Public Service System to Promote High-Quality Development of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Reporter : Small and medium-sized enterprises are an important support for economic resilience. What was the development status of China's SMEs in 2025? How will efforts be intensified next to promote the high-quality development of SMEs? Thank you. Zhang Yunming: Thank you for your question. I will answer this one. In 2025, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises continued to maintain a stable and positive trend, which can be summarized as two "steadies." The first "steady" is the steady growth of major economic indicators. In 2025, the value-added of industrial SMEs above designated size increased by 6.9% YoY, and the SME export index for December was 52.4%, having remained in expansion territory for 21 consecutive months. The second "steady" is the steady improvement in development quality. Cumulatively, 17,600 specialized, sophisticated, distinctive, and innovative "little giant" enterprises, over 140,000 specialized, sophisticated, distinctive, and innovative SMEs, and over 600,000 scientific, technological, and innovative SMEs have been cultivated. The R&D intensity of specialized, sophisticated, distinctive, and innovative "little giant" enterprises reached 7%, with a total of 460,000 invention patents and an average of 26.6 per enterprise. However, we also note that currently many SMEs still face difficulties and challenges in areas such as market orders, talent attraction and cultivation, capital turnover, and transformation and upgrading, requiring further improvement of policy measures and increased support efforts. In 2026, our ministry will adhere to the "two unwaverings," emphasize both service and management as well as development and support, improve the policy and regulatory system, the high-quality enterprise cultivation system, and the public service system to promote the high-quality development of small and medium-sized enterprises. First, we will continue to optimize the development environment for enterprises. We will formulate a development plan for promoting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) during the 15th Five-Year Plan period. We will fully implement the Regulation on Ensuring Payments to Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, intensify efforts to clear overdue payments owed to enterprises, resolutely curb new instances of overdue payments, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of SMEs. We will accelerate the revision of the classification criteria for SMEs, further optimize classification indicators and methods, and enhance the precision and effectiveness of policy support. Second, we will intensify efforts to cultivate more specialized and innovative SMEs. We will expedite the establishment of mechanisms to promote the development and growth of specialized and innovative SMEs, and implement a three-year action plan for the gradient cultivation of high-quality enterprises. We will explore the establishment of a number of specialized and innovative empowerment centers. We will improve the gradient cultivation system for characteristic industrial clusters of SMEs. We will refine the mechanism where large enterprises "post challenges" and SMEs "respond to challenges," promoting collaborative and integrated development among enterprises of all sizes. Third, we will make every effort to provide comprehensive, all-element, and full-cycle services. Focusing on the needs of enterprises, we will establish and effectively utilize the China SME Service Network. We will create the first batch of national public service demonstration platforms (bases) for SMEs. In collaboration with relevant departments, we will launch the "Benefiting Enterprises Together" service initiative for SMEs, continuously strengthening high-quality and efficient public services in areas such as market expansion, digital empowerment, financing promotion, talent attraction and cultivation, management enhancement, and international cooperation, to support the high-quality development of SMEs. That concludes my response. Thank you. China has constructed the world's largest information infrastructure with leading technology. Reporter : I would like to ask about the construction of information infrastructure. In recent years, China has consistently adhered to the principle of moderately advancing the construction of information infrastructure, providing strong support for the in-depth integration and development of the real economy and the digital economy. What is the current overall situation regarding the construction of information infrastructure? Could you provide an introduction? Additionally, what are the key tasks for the next steps? Thank you. Xie Cun: Thank you for your question. I will answer it. As you mentioned, moderate advancement is one of our primary approaches in constructing information infrastructure. Following this approach, we have built the world's largest information infrastructure with leading technology. Here are some sets of data for reference: In terms of mobile networks, 4.838 million 5G base stations have been constructed, with 5G coverage extended to all townships and 95% of administrative villages across the country. 5G evolved networks (i.e., 5G-A) have covered more than 330 cities. In terms of fixed networks, the number of 10G PON ports for gigabit optical networks has reached 31.62 million, with two-thirds of prefecture-level cities meeting the gigabit city standards. Pilot constructions of 10-gigabit optical networks have also been initiated in some cities. Regarding computing infrastructure, 42 intelligent computing clusters with 10,000 cards each have been established, with the scale of intelligent computing power exceeding 1,590 EFLOPS, ranking among the top globally and strongly supporting the rapid development of China's artificial intelligence industry. Build well, and use well. In recent years, we have also adhered to the principle of "building and using in combination, promoting construction through use," dedicated to advancing the application of information infrastructure at all levels. At the individual user level, the scale of 5G users exceeded 1.2 billion, accounting for 65.9% of all mobile phone users, with an average usage of 23GB per user in December 2025; gigabit broadband users reached 240 million, accounting for 34.5% of all broadband users. In the vertical industry sector, over 23,000 "5G+Industrial Internet" projects were launched, and new models and forms such as "dark factories," "unmanned mines," and "smart ports" gradually grew, becoming a key driving force for the upgrade of traditional industries. In the future, continuous iteration and upgrading will be carried out to maintain technological leadership. We follow the rule of "commercializing one generation while researching and developing the next," steadily enhancing the capabilities of information and communication technology. Currently, China's share of 5G standard-essential patent declarations is 42% globally; 6G R&D has completed the first phase of technical trials, forming over 300 key technology reserves, and the second phase of 6G technical trials has recently been initiated. Next, our ministry will focus on coordinating the three aspects of "construction, use, and research," emphasizing the three key words: "upgrade, iteration, and deepening," to promote high-quality development in the information and communication industry. Upgrade means advancing network upgrades. Implementing the "broadband upgrade" special program, deploying 5G-A networks and 10-gigabit optical networks in urban areas and key scenarios, and promoting the transition from "dual gigabit" to "dual 10-gigabit." Accelerating the development of "intelligent connectivity" in mobile IoT. Strengthening the construction of computing power networks, and deeply implementing the city-level "millisecond computing" special action. Iteration means accelerating technological iteration. Speeding up 6G R&D, and proactively planning and nurturing the 6G application industry ecosystem. Enhancing the layout of next-generation optical communications and quantum information R&D. Deepening means promoting deeper applications. Accelerating the integration of 5G, industrial internet, gigabit optical networks, and computing power into industries such as manufacturing, agriculture, transportation, culture and tourism, education, and healthcare, to comprehensively serve the digital and intelligent development of the economy and society. That concludes my response, thank you. Significant progress in the digital industry during the 14th Five-Year Plan period in terms of scale, innovation capability, and enabling applications Reporter: Since the 14th Five-Year Plan, the speed of digital technology innovation in China has continuously accelerated, and the digital industry has rapidly developed. Could you please tell us about the characteristics? Thank you. Zhang Yunming: Thank you for your question. I will answer this. The digital industry is a key support for the deep integration of the real economy and the digital economy, and it is also an important carrier for developing new quality productive forces. Since the initiation of the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China's digital industry has experienced rapid development, with continuous improvements in quality and efficiency, achieving significant progress in three key areas: scale and volume, innovation capability, and enabling applications. The scale and volume have continued to expand, with major provinces playing an increasingly prominent role as stabilizers for industrial development. Preliminary estimates indicate that by the end of 2025, the revenue of China's digital industry reached approximately 38.3 trillion yuan, with profits of 3.1 trillion yuan, representing cumulative growth of about 39.5% and 48.4%, respectively, compared to the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2020). In 2025, the provinces and cities of Guangdong, Jiangsu, Beijing, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Shandong, Sichuan, Fujian, Anhui, and Hubei ranked among the top 10 in terms of digital industry revenue nationwide, contributing over 90% to the growth of the national digital industry revenue. Innovation capability has accelerated its release, with the role of fostering new momentum as an accelerator becoming more prominent. Innovations in the software industry have continuously emerged, the ecosystem for basic software has continued to improve, and the number of devices equipped with the OpenHarmony operating system has approached 1.2 billion. The artificial intelligence industry has flourished, with a series of groundbreaking innovations continuously emerging and a growing variety of end-use products becoming increasingly abundant. Digital products in new fields and tracks are driving a new round of consumption upgrades, becoming new growth points for economic development. Enabling applications have advanced in depth, with the role of digital-real integration as a connector becoming more prominent. Integrated applications of the industrial internet have achieved full coverage across major industrial categories, initially establishing a multi-level and systematic industrial internet platform system, with the number of industrial equipment connections on key national platforms exceeding 100 million units (sets). Digital-intelligent technologies have been deeply integrated into core production and manufacturing processes, with 100 high-level 5G factories reaching globally leading standards, achieving average capacity increases of 25%, product quality improvements of 21%, and operational cost reductions of 19%. In collaboration with the Ministry of Finance, support has been provided to 101 pilot cities for the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises, promoting the digital transformation of 45,000 small and medium-sized enterprises through a "point-line-surface" approach. Moving forward, we will continue to accurately grasp the trends and patterns of digital industry development, accelerate technological innovation and enabling applications, strengthen standard leadership and ecosystem building, enhance policy coordination and factor support, and intensify efforts to promote the high-quality development of the digital industry. That concludes my response. Thank you. The 2025 "Ten Practical Actions for Warm Information and Communication Services" Achieved Positive Results Reporter : We understand that the information and communication industry is closely related to everyone's daily life. May I ask what measures the MIIT has taken in 2025 to promote the industry's services for people's livelihoods? How will you further advance information and communication services to make them more convenient, beneficial, and favorable for the people? Thank you. Xie Cun : Thank you for your question. Information and communication services are closely related to the immediate interests and experiences of the general public. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has always adhered to a people-centered development philosophy, taking practical measures to improve people's livelihoods. In H1 2025, we guided the release of the "Ten Practical Deeds for Warm-hearted Information and Communication Services." Since the launch of this initiative, a series of positive outcomes have been achieved: First, the handling and use of telecommunications services have become more convenient. "Online processing" now covers almost all types of telecom services, with over 91% of transactions conducted online. Video customer service has served more than 60 million users, reducing the need for people to make physical visits and making things easier for them. We organized basic telecom enterprises to publish standardized telephone marketing measures, centrally display telecom tariff plans, upgrade services such as capping excess data usage, and provide a 7-day appointment service for broadband cancellation. For key scenarios like automatic renewals, users are reminded via SMS and phone calls, making consumption more transparent and reassuring. Second, digital services for the elderly have become more considerate. Basic telecom enterprises have fully covered their own business halls with dedicated love seats, providing priority green channels and auxiliary devices for seniors, and accelerating the promotion of "door-to-door services" and "one-on-one teaching" for the elderly. The "one-click access to human customer service" senior hotline has served over 650 million people. A total of 3,092 websites and apps closely related to the lives of the elderly have completed age-friendly and accessibility renovations, continuously enhancing the convenience and accessibility of services. Third, the use of recycled numbers has become safer. Before issuing new numbers, basic telecom enterprises refreshed over 250 million recycled numbers and unlinked more than 1 billion internet applications. They launched an "active refresh" service on official apps and mini-programs, supporting the unbinding of 239 commonly used internet applications, and processed over 360 million unbinding requests for more than 5.8 million users. Fourth, the legitimate rights and interests of users are better protected. We have promoted end-user enterprises to add features that record the use of sensitive permissions such as microphones, cameras, and location, allowing users to view and disable these permissions at will, thus better protecting personal information security. We have also promoted the transparency of algorithmic recommendations, providing users with easy options to turn off personalized recommendation services. We have introduced "do not disturb" services for calls and messages, offering innovative functions such as smart answering, call verification reminders, and international call protection, helping to safeguard the tranquility of users' lives. Moving forward, we will continue to focus on the concerns and expectations of the public, further implementing the "Ten Practical Deeds for Warm-hearted Information and Communication Services," and striving to enhance the supply of digital services, promoting clear and worry-free consumption. We will strengthen the promotion of digital aging development achievements, providing more high-quality and convenient digital products and services for the elderly and people with disabilities. Expand the coverage of "Secondary Number Renewal" and promote its integration with more internet applications closely related to people's livelihoods. Improve the regular and long-term governance mechanism for personal information protection in apps, enhancing the public's sense of gain, happiness, and security. That's all from me, thank you. Continue to promote technological innovation and iterative upgrades in humanoid robots, driving the development of the embodied AI industry. Reporter: Over the past year, the humanoid robot industry has developed rapidly. What level has China's humanoid robot industry achieved in terms of whole-machine development, breakthroughs in core components, and commercialization scenarios? What will be the focus of industrial cultivation in the next step? Thank you. Zhang Yunming : Thank you for your question. I will answer it. From its stunning debut at the 2025 Spring Festival Gala to competing alongside athletes in sports events, humanoid robots have demonstrated their "kung fu mode," and their rapid development is evident to all. Driven by artificial intelligence, the industry has evolved beyond expectations. In 2025, the number of domestic whole-machine enterprises exceeded 140, and over 330 humanoid robot products were released. The industry widely regards 2025 as the first year of mass production for humanoid robots, with the industry poised for takeoff and promising prospects. Over the past year, following the approach of "innovation-driven development, scenario traction, and ecological synergy," we have made significant progress in humanoid robot technology and products. Currently, humanoid robots in China are capable of "standing steadily, walking stably, and running quickly," accelerating their transition from "moving on stage" and "running in competitions" to "being used in households" and "working in factories." We have focused on enhancing "hard power" to solidify the technological foundation. We supported Beijing and Shanghai in establishing innovation centers for embodied AI and humanoid robots, developed open-source public version robots such as "Qinglong" and "Tiangong," and the "Kaiwu" operating system, driving breakthroughs in basic software and hardware. We have promoted "rapid deployment" to advance application demonstrations. By deeply exploring high-value scenarios such as humanoid robots serving people's livelihoods and performing tasks, we have facilitated the large-scale development of new technologies and products. We have fostered a "favorable ecosystem" to strengthen multi-party collaboration. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology established the Humanoid Robot and Embodied AI Standardization Technical Committee, with active participation from over 70 top-tier enterprises and research institutions. In the field of embodied AI, we supported the construction of national AI application pilot bases, creating an integrated innovation hub for humanoid robots and embodied AI covering "R&D-design-testing-manufacturing-application." In the next step, we will continue to promote technological innovation and iterative upgrades in humanoid robots, using humanoid robots as a small entry point to drive the development of the larger embodied AI industry. We will focus on "advancing technology" by continuously organizing tasks such as open challenges and missions, deploying national major scientific and technological projects, and enhancing the technical level of large models, integrated joints, computing power chips, and other areas. Continue to "Ensure Safety" by enhancing the quality, cybersecurity, and data security inspection and detection of humanoid robots, and by conducting research and management services related to scientific and technological ethics, thereby achieving high-quality development underpinned by high-level security. Accelerate "Strengthening the Ecosystem" by increasing the support from the National AI Industry Investment Fund for humanoid robots, establishing open-source communities for humanoid robots, and issuing the Comprehensive Standardization System Development Guidelines for Humanoid Robots and Embodied AI, thereby promoting the global sharing of innovative achievements. That concludes my response. Thank you. Three Measures Have Significantly Enhanced the Development Level and Supply Assurance Capability of New Materials Reporter: We have observed that in recent years, China's new materials industry has entered a period of accelerated development, with its industrial scale continuously expanding. Could you elaborate on the efforts made to promote the innovation, R&D, and practical application of new materials? How will the development of the new materials industry be further advanced? Thank you. Tao Qing : Thank you for your question. President Xi Jinping emphasized that the new materials industry is a strategic and foundational sector, as well as a key area of high-tech competition, and we must strive to catch up and keep pace. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has thoroughly studied and implemented President Xi Jinping’s important directives, working alongside relevant departments and local governments to vigorously promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation in new materials, resulting in a significant improvement in the development level and supply assurance capability of new materials. We have focused on three key areas of work: The first area is strengthening key breakthroughs. We have organized and implemented national major science and technology projects and the industrial foundation reengineering project, reinforced the leading role of enterprises in innovation, established upstream-downstream cooperation mechanisms centered on key downstream application fields, and carried out systematic collaborative innovation. Since the 14th Five-Year Plan period, a number of key materials have been successfully developed. For example, high-performance carbon fiber composites were applied for the first time globally in the main load-bearing structures of commercially operated metro train bodies, achieving an 11% reduction in vehicle weight and an annual reduction of approximately 130 mt in CO₂ emissions, thereby advancing urban rail transit toward lightweight and green upgrades. The second area is strengthening promotion and application. Focusing on the bottlenecks faced by new materials during their initial market entry, we have deeply implemented the first-batch new materials insurance compensation policy, expanded the scope of supported materials and duration for the first batch, alleviated user procurement concerns, and encouraged local governments to tailor the first-batch policy according to local conditions to accelerate the promotion of first-batch materials. To date, new materials products with a cumulative value exceeding 55 billion yuan have been introduced to the market, supporting endeavors such as the Shenzhou-21 manned spacecraft in reaching for the stars, enabling the C919 large aircraft to soar through the skies, and facilitating the operation of smart EMUs across China. The third area is strengthening capacity building. A layout has been established, forming a key platform system for new materials that covers the entire process, including material R&D, pilot-scale maturation, material production, testing and verification, and material application. This accelerates the synchronized testing, verification, and iterative upgrading of new materials and end-use products. Cumulatively, it has provided nearly 3,000 batches of new material application verification services, over 1.5 million testing and evaluation services, and served 230,000 enterprises. More than 500 new material standards have been issued, leading the optimization and upgrading of advanced basic materials, key strategic materials, and cutting-edge new materials. Next, our ministry will resolutely implement the decisions and plans of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, fully leverage the advantages of the new-type national system and the super-large market, and base our efforts on meeting the practical needs of key application fields. With the goal of leading industrial development through material innovation, and focusing on advanced basic materials, key strategic materials, cutting-edge new materials, and "AI + materials" as development directions, we will promote collaborative innovation across the entire chain of advanced materials upstream and downstream. We will strengthen policy coordination, financial support, labour supply, and factor guarantees, create a favorable ecosystem for the R&D and application of new materials, and comprehensively enhance the innovation capacity and development efficiency of the new materials industry. That is all from me. Thank you.

I. Policy Review: Hydrogen Energy Policy Developments (I) Domestic Policies Department of Economy and Information Technology of Sichuan Province: Issued the "Key Areas and Directions for New Industrial Tracks in Sichuan Province." The document specifies the following regarding green hydrogen: 1. Hydrogen equipment: Chengdu, Deyang, Panzhihua, Zigong, Neijiang. 2. Key hydrogen materials and core parts: Chengdu, Deyang. Hydrogen fuel cell systems: Chengdu, Deyang. 3. Hydrogen fuel vehicles and rail transit products: Chengdu, Deyang. 4. Distributed hydrogen power generation equipment: Chengdu, Deyang. Hydrogen-oxygen combined cooling, heating, and power facilities: Chengdu, Deyang. Department of Industry and Information Technology of Hunan Province : Issued the "Hunan Province Zero-Carbon Factory Construction Plan (Interim)." The document outlines the main objectives: By 2027, strive to cultivate a number of provincial-level zero-carbon parks. The decrease in carbon dioxide emissions per unit of industrial added value in parks should be significantly higher than the overall societal decrease, forming a set of replicable and scalable experiences in construction paths, development models, low-carbon transformation, and operational management. By 2030, complete and accept a batch of provincial-level zero-carbon parks. Carbon dioxide emissions per unit of industrial added value in parks will further decrease, the energy structure will become increasingly cleaner, energy conservation and consumption reduction will continue to advance, industrial carbon reduction and decarbonization will show significant results, the zero-carbon park construction model will be basically perfected, and the green competitiveness of advantageous industries will reach the domestic advanced level. Department of Industry and Information Technology of Hunan Province: Issued the "Hunan Province Zero-Carbon Park Construction Plan (Interim)." The document states: By 2027, cultivate and construct a number of zero-carbon factories in sectors such as electronic products, engineering machinery, EVs, lithium batteries, PV, rail transit, aerospace, and textiles that achieve leading provincial levels in energy consumption, resource utilization, process technology, and operational management, forming replicable and scalable construction experience. By 2030, gradually extend zero-carbon factory construction to industries including steel, non-ferrous metals, petrochemicals and chemicals, and building materials, complete and accept a batch of zero-carbon factories with significant emission reduction results and prominent driving effects, and effectively promote low-carbon, zero-carbon, and negative-carbon process technologies and operational models in key industries, providing core support for the province's industrial green and low-carbon transformation. By 2035, zero-carbon factory construction will fully accelerate, corporate carbon emissions per unit of energy consumption and product carbon footprints will continue to decline, synergistic carbon reduction across the industry chain will make positive progress, and the efficacy of zero-carbon factories in leading the green, low-carbon, and high-quality development of the province's manufacturing industry will be fully demonstrated. (II) Overseas Developments Max Power: It announced the completion and testing of a natural hydrogen well in Saskatchewan, Canada, defining it as "Canada's first natural hydrogen drilling discovery." Mejillones Ammonia Energy: Obtained environmental approval for its proposed 620,000 mt green hydrogen and ammonia project in Antofagasta, Chile. AM Green: Broke ground on a 1.5 million mtpa green hydrogen-based ammonia plant in Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India, targeting initial production by mid-2027. II. Enterprise Dynamics: Project Signings and Technical Cooperation (I) Project Intelligence Hubei Guanggu East Holding Group: The Guanggu East Hydrogen Energy Aoti Avenue Station was completed and put into operation in Daye, marking the second hydrogen refueling station in the area. This station is an integrated energy facility covering an area of 18 mu, featuring refueling, hydrogen refueling, hydrogen storage, charging, and car washing services, with a daily hydrogen refueling capacity of 2 mt. With government subsidies, the selling price of hydrogen is set at 25 yuan per kilogram. Shanghai Lingang New Area Public Transport Co., Ltd.: Issued a procurement for vehicle-use hydrogen for 2026, with a budget of 17.63 million yuan, primarily to supply hydrogen refueling services for hydrogen energy vehicles. The hydrogen quality must meet 99.97% high-purity standards and comply with national and industry standards. The intended supplier is Shanghai Zhongyou Shenneng Hydrogen Energy Technology Co., Ltd. Qingdao Xinbo Holding Group Co., Ltd.: Announced the winning bid result for the hydrogen pipeline project in the hydrogen energy industrial park. The bid winner is China Petroleum Pipeline Engineering Co., Ltd., with a winning bid price of 2.0389 million yuan. Beijing Yihuatong Technology Co., Ltd.: Formally signed a strategic cooperation agreement with PowerChina Kunming Engineering Co., Ltd. Both parties will integrate their strengths in hydrogen-electric energy storage technology and new energy engineering to collaborate comprehensively in areas such as wind and solar power, new-type energy storage, green hydrogen production from electricity, and zero-carbon intelligent computing centers. Sinopec Chemical Sales Co., Ltd. Central China Branch : Collaborated with Zhonghan Petrochemical, chemical logistics, and downstream customers to increase the application of hydrogen energy vehicles. In 2025, hydrogen-powered heavy-duty trucks transported 37,000 mt of synthetic resin products, up over 200% YoY. Shanghai Hydrogen Energy Group Co., Ltd. : The opening ceremony for the "Hydrogen Corridor" in Southwest China and the launch ceremony for 300 hydrogen-powered heavy-duty trucks under the Hydrogen Energy Group's Fengyuan Integrated Wind-Solar Hydrogen Production and Refueling Project were held at the Yunnan FuYuan Coal Intelligent Logistics Park. Beijing Haidelizi New Technology Co., Ltd.: Haidelizi successfully won the bid for CNOOC Gas and Power Group Co., Ltd.'s "Fuel Cell Combined Heat and Power System Integration, Testing, and Commissioning Project." (II) Enterprise Dynamics SPIC (Tianjin) Energy Investment Co., Ltd.: was officially established recently. The company has a registered capital of 200 million yuan and is located in Room 318, Huaying Building, Central Avenue, Tianjin Pilot Free Trade Zone (Airport Economic Zone), hosted by Nabai Chuan (Tianjin) Business Secretary Co., Ltd., with hosting number 812, and its legal representative is Peng Wansheng. The company's business scope is extensive, covering multiple areas. General business items include: construction and operation of centralized fast charging stations; cooling supply services; sales of solar thermal utilization equipment; information system integration services; contract energy management; engineering management services; solar power generation technical services; leasing of computers and communication equipment; consulting and planning services; professional design services; data processing services; industrial internet data services; operation of EV charging infrastructure; ESS technical services; sales of hydrogen refueling and storage facilities for stations; wind power generation technical services; leasing of PV power generation equipment. At the same time, the company is also involved in some licensed business items, specifically including: electricity supply business; power generation, transmission, and distribution business; installation, maintenance, and testing of transmission, supply, and receiving power facilities; electrical installation services, etc. Shaanxi Hydrogen Energy Industry Development Co., Ltd.: held a discussion and exchange with the China Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute, where both sides conducted in-depth and practical exchanges on deepening strategic synergy in the hydrogen energy field and injecting national-level technology and resource momentum into the high-quality development of the regional hydrogen energy industry. Shanxi Meijin Energy Co., Ltd. : released its 2025 performance forecast. The report shows that the estimated net profit attributable to the parent company's shareholders is expected to be a loss of 850 million to 1.25 billion yuan, compared to a loss of 1.143 billion yuan in the same period last year; the estimated non-recurring net profit is expected to be a loss of 885 million to 1.285 billion yuan, compared to a loss of 1.093 billion yuan in the same period last year; and the basic earnings per share are expected to be a loss of 0.19 to 0.28 yuan per share. Shanghai Anting Hydrogen Energy Technology Group Co., Ltd.: received a national-level industry recognition—its official operating entity, Shanghai Anting Hydrogen Energy Technology Group Co., Ltd., was recently officially approved as a member unit of the China Industrial Development Promotion Association. Shanxi Pengfei Group Co., Ltd.: Zheng Peng, Chairman of the Board of Directors, led a team on an invited field trip to Huawei's headquarters in Shenzhen for exchange and discussions, accompanied by Peng Zhongyang, Deputy Head of Huawei's Strategic Reserve Corps, and Ding Xu, Minister of Quality Operations and Process IT Department of the Intelligent Automotive Solutions BU, among others. Shanghai Kunhua New Energy Technology Co., Ltd.: made an appearance at the 18th World Future Energy Summit held at the Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Centre in the UAE. III. Technological Advancements: Efficiency and Cost Breakthroughs (1) Progress in Hydrogen Production, Storage, and Transportation Beijing Hydrogen Energy Innovation Center: At the "Hydrogen Heart, Peer Cooperation, Creating a Winning Future" achievements release conference of the Beijing Hydrogen Energy Innovation Center, the center unveiled its R&D achievements in the forward-designed integrated hydrogen-electric chassis for heavy-duty trucks. The project's version 2.0 heavy-duty truck achieved a hydrogen consumption of 7.1 kg per 100 kilometers under plain operating conditions, and the vehicle supports flash charging, with refueling completed in 10-15 minutes. CIMC ENRIC: The product of the 38.7 m³ Type II tube bundle container project, developed by its Shijiazhuang ENRIC Gas Machinery Co., Ltd., has successfully rolled off the production line. Chinese Academy of Sciences: A new technology of Sprayed Ultra-High Performance Concrete (SUHPC), jointly developed by CCCC Second Harbor Engineering Co., Ltd. and the Wuhan Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has been successfully applied in the initial tunnel support engineering of China's first rock cavern hydrogen energy storage system project—the Daye Rock Cavern Hydrogen Energy Storage System in Hubei Province. Foshan Xianhu Laboratory: The industry's first "Zero-Carbon Ammonia-Fueled Aluminum Billet Heating Furnace" for aluminum extrusion production was launched at Foshan Xianhu Laboratory. This equipment enables zero-carbon operation in the aluminum processing heating stage, marking a significant step forward in the green transformation of China's aluminum processing industry. (2) Fuel Cell Technology/Product Developments South China University of Technology: The team led by Chen Yu discovered a Ce₀.₆Ni₀.₂Cu₀.₂O₂ nanocatalyst with a heterogeneous structure, which contributes to high-performance direct methanol protonic ceramic fuel cells. Wuhan University of Technology: Professor Tang Haolin's team collaborated with Professor Jin Huanyu from the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. They proposed a strategy of "coupling electron-withdrawing groups to enhance proton delocalization." Through molecular structure design, they reduced the proton delocalization energy barrier in perfluorosulfonimide-biphenyl* acid (PFSI-BPA) membranes, achieving a synergistic improvement in efficient proton conduction and thermal stability. This was confirmed through a combination of in-situ measurements and theoretical calculations. Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology: By carefully designing the structure within the titanium dioxide electrolyte and leveraging the synergy between polystyrene sphere templates and lithium-based electrodes, the team successfully induced an "online in-situ structural transformation" inside the battery, ultimately forming a stable lithium-titanium-oxygen-carbon heterogeneous structure.

On November 12, the General Office of the People's Government of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region issued a notice on printing and distributing the Plan Outline for Comprehensively Promoting the Construction of a Beautiful Inner Mongolia and Strengthening the Important Ecological Security Barrier in Northern China (2025–2035). The document pointed out that efforts will be made to promote the high-end, diversified, and low-carbon development of the modern coal chemical industry, build the Ordos Modern Coal Chemical Industry Demonstration Zone and the strategic base for coal-to-oil and gas with high quality, explore coupling development models integrating modern coal chemical industry with green hydrogen, carbon capture, utilization, and storage, actively advance the R&D and industrial application of technologies such as coal-based special fuels and coal-based biodegradable materials, and orderly promote the construction of modern coal chemical projects that are aligned with the national planning layout and the autonomous region’s industrial chain extension and supplementation. Vigorously develop the hydrogen production industry using new energy, explore innovative development models for the new energy industry, develop the wind and solar power, hydrogen, and energy storage industrial cluster with high quality, expand and strengthen carbon-based material industries such as carbon fiber, build a nationally important new energy equipment manufacturing base, and strive to create a national convergence zone for the integrated development of new energy and advanced high-energy-consuming industries. Enhance the supply capacity of green electricity, broaden the fields of green electricity substitution, increase the proportion of green electricity usage, and accelerate the replacement of renewable energy in key industries and key industrial parks such as ferroalloys, non-ferrous metals, and data centers. By 2030, the installed capacity of new energy is expected to exceed 300 million kW, and the proportion of renewable electricity consumption is expected to reach over 40%. Notice of the General Office of the People's Government of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on Printing and Distributing the Plan Outline for Comprehensively Promoting the Construction of a Beautiful Inner Mongolia and Strengthening the Important Ecological Security Barrier in Northern China (2025–2035) To the administrative offices of leagues and municipal people's governments, committees, offices, departments, and bureaus of the autonomous region, and large enterprises and institutions: With the approval of the People's Government of the Autonomous Region, the Plan Outline for Comprehensively Promoting the Construction of a Beautiful Inner Mongolia and Strengthening the Important Ecological Security Barrier in Northern China (2025–2035) is hereby issued to you. Please implement it conscientiously in light of actual conditions. Oct 28, 2025 (This text has been abridged.) Plan Outline for Comprehensively Promoting the Construction of a Beautiful Inner Mongolia and Strengthening the Important Ecological Security Barrier in Northern China (2025–2035) I. Embarking on a New Journey to Build an Inner Mongolia Model of a Beautiful China (I) General Requirements Adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implement Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization, fully implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and its previous plenary sessions, earnestly implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speeches and instructions on Inner Mongolia, adhere to strengthening the important ecological security barrier in northern China as the overarching goal, take forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation as the main work line, and use further deepening the reform of the ecological civilization system as the driving force. Coordinately promote carbon reduction, pollution reduction, ecological expansion, and growth, advance the integrated protection and systematic governance of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, and deserts in a holistic manner, make every effort to protect various ecological resources and address prominent ecological and environmental issues, promote industrial ecologicalization and ecological industrialization, create a national model for ecological security barrier construction and a pioneer benchmark for green and low-carbon development of resources and energy, comprehensively build an Inner Mongolia model of a beautiful China characterized by a stable ecological security, green and low-carbon economy, beautiful ecological environment, harmonious and livable urban and rural areas, and modern and efficient governance, and make beauty a distinctive symbol in writing a new chapter of Chinese modernization in Inner Mongolia. II. Vision and Goals Standing at the new journey of striving to write a new chapter of Chinese-style modernization in Inner Mongolia, we will grasp the regional and phased requirements, make overall plans, implement them step by step, and advance the construction of a beautiful Inner Mongolia in stages, achieving the goal and vision of "a splendid landscape on the northern border of the motherland." Short-term Goal: By 2027, the diversity, stability, and sustainability of ecosystems will steadily improve, biodiversity will be effectively protected, the comprehensive vegetation coverage of grasslands will stabilize above 45%, and the forest coverage rate will reach 21.98%. The battle against desertification under the "Three-North" Shelter Forest Program and the three landmark campaigns will achieve phased results, with significant achievements in sand control, and the treatment rate of treatable desertified land reaching over 54.33%, making the ecological security barrier even stronger. The quality and scale of green, low-carbon, and circular development industries will significantly increase, energy resource allocation will become more efficient, and utilization efficiency will greatly improve, with a notable enhancement in green and low-carbon levels. Environmental quality will markedly improve, with the average concentration of fine particulate matter across the region stabilizing below 25e-05 g/m³, surface water environmental quality continuously improving, and the safe utilization rate of polluted farmland remaining above 98%. The safe use of key construction land will be effectively guaranteed. Green lifestyles will be widely promoted, the shortcomings in ecological and environmental infrastructure will be largely addressed, and the proportion of counties fully built as beautiful countryside will reach 40%. Public satisfaction with the ecological environment will continue to rise, and the living environment in both urban and rural areas will steadily improve. Medium-term Goal: By 2030, the important ecological security barrier in the north of China will be further consolidated. The comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development will deepen, and the energy utilization efficiency of key industries will reach advanced domestic levels. The transition to green and low-carbon energy will lead the nation, and the ecological environment will see a full improvement. The quality of the living environment in both urban and rural areas will significantly enhance, and the construction of an ecological civilization system will continue to deepen. The modernization level of the ecological environment governance system and capacity will see a substantial increase, and green lifestyles will become fashionable. The beautiful scenery of "clear waters reflecting the evening glow, green grass swaying in the wind, and flowers blooming everywhere" will be seen all around, and the construction of a beautiful Inner Mongolia will yield a series of landmark achievements. Long-term Goal: By 2035, the important ecological security barrier in the north of China will be even more solid. A green and low-carbon economy, resource conservation, and the quality of the ecological environment will reach advanced levels among similar regions nationwide. A green and low-carbon spatial pattern, industrial structure, production methods, and lifestyle that match the level of ecological civilization construction will basically take shape. The modernization of the ecological environment governance system and capacity will be basically realized, and Inner Mongolia will become a model for a beautiful China. "Green prosperity, blue skies, clear waters, clean soil, and harmonious cities" will vividly depict the construction of a beautiful Inner Mongolia. Looking ahead to the middle of this century, China's crucial ecological security barrier in the north will be unbreakable, green development and lifestyles will be fully established, the ecological environment will be healthy and beautiful, the modernization of the ecological environment governance system and governance capacity will be fully realized, providing a series of Inner Mongolia experiences for national and even global ecological civilization construction, and a beautiful Inner Mongolia where humans and nature coexist in harmony will be fully built. II. Strengthening the Crucial Ecological Security Barrier in Northern China Adhere to respecting, conforming to, and protecting nature, protect various ecological resources such as mountains, waters, forests, farmland, lakes, grasslands, and deserts as carefully as protecting one's own eyes, comprehensively utilize natural restoration and labour restoration methods to advance ecological protection across the entire region, enhance the diversity, stability, and sustainability of ecosystems, and make the crucial ecological security barrier in northern China unbreakable. (I) Establishing and Improving the Territorial Space Support System Build a new pattern for the protection and development of territorial space. Coordinate and optimize agricultural, pastoral, ecological, and urban spaces, establish a comprehensive, all-element, and full-process land-use regulation system covering ecological, agricultural, and urban spaces, and support the construction of a networked overall layout for territorial space protection and development characterized by "three mountains and one bend, two belts and ten zones, one core with dual stars and multiple points." Hold firm to the ecological protection red line, strengthen law enforcement supervision, protection, and restoration, and ensure that the ecological functions and nature of the ecological protection red line do not degrade or change. Strictly control the development of unused land resources, and rigorously assess the ecological environmental impact and water resource support capacity for developing and utilizing reserve cultivated land resources identified through the new round of national survey and evaluation of reserve cultivated land resources. Resolutely curb the conversion of cultivated land to non-agricultural uses, strictly control its diversion to non-grain production, and firmly safeguard the red line of 170 million mu of cultivated land. Strictly control urban development boundaries, and orderly promote connotative development of industrialization and urbanization within the development boundaries. Strengthen the economical and intensive use of land resources, and improve the precise allocation and efficient utilization of land elements. By 2027, the pattern of territorial space development and protection will be optimized, and by 2035, a new pattern of territorial space development and protection will be fully formed. Deepen and implement the strategy of major functional zones. Reasonably optimize the spatial layout of major functional zones, and guide the shaping of new momentum and advantages for regional development. Coordinate the development of urbanized areas, further advance the construction of the Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos-Yulin urban agglomeration and the high-quality development of Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos-Ulanqab, promote Tongliao City and Chifeng City to develop into regional central cities driving high-quality development in the eastern part of the autonomous region, and improve the construction of key border port towns such as Manzhouli City and Erenhot City. Optimize the main agricultural production areas, leverage the supply advantages of agricultural products in the areas along the Greater Khingan Range foothills, the West Liao River Basin, the Yin Mountains foothills, and the pastoral and agricultural areas along the Yellow River main stream plain, to ensure national food security and the supply of important agricultural products. Optimize key ecological function zones, strengthen the ecological security barrier construction in key ecological areas of the Yellow River, the northern sand prevention belt, and the northeastern forest belt, enhance the ecological corridor functions of the Greater Khingan Mountains, Yinshan Mountains, and Helan Mountains, improve the service functions of ecological products, and safeguard national and regional ecological security. Strengthen the application of ecological environment zoning control. Improve the autonomous region's ecological environment zoning control system, continuously enhance its application in serving industrial structure adjustment and upgrading, ensuring ecological security patterns, and other practical implementations, achieving a refined management system with full coverage, cross-departmental coordination, and multi-factor integration. Strengthen the dynamic linkage between ecological environment zoning control outcomes and territorial spatial planning, implementing differentiated ecological environment management by unit. Continuously expand the intelligent application of the ecological environment zoning control information platform, and steadily improve management and service efficiency. (II) Fully Protect and Restore Large Grasslands and Forests Coordinate and promote the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, and sands. Focus on the ecological comprehensive management area of the Yellow River's "Ji Zi Wan" in Inner Mongolia, the ecological security barrier belt of the Greater Khingan Mountains, and the northern sand prevention belt of the Inner Mongolia Plateau, carry out systematic management of mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, and sands, with key implementation of comprehensive management of coal mining subsidence areas, transformation and upgrading of independent mining areas, improvement of infrastructure in state-owned forest farms and forest areas, and pollution control and ecological restoration of key lakes and reservoirs. Consolidate the achievements of integrated ecological protection and restoration in the Wuliangsuhai Lake basin and the Horqin Grassland's mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, and sands, and actively seek national support for the integrated protection and restoration of the Yellow River basin, the West Liao River basin, and the middle section of the Greater Khingan Mountains—the source of the Nen River. Strengthen the protection and restoration of grassland ecosystems. Strictly implement the basic grassland protection, grazing prohibition and rest, and grass-livestock balance systems, adhere to determining livestock numbers based on grass availability, dynamically adjust the scope of grazing prohibition and grass-livestock balance areas, resolve the issue of overgrazing on grasslands, and promote grassland recuperation. Strictly implement the grassland "three-zone" use control system, and carry out grassland expropriation and occupation review and approval in accordance with the law. Through the implementation of projects such as the "Three-North" Shelterbelt Program and leygrass planting subsidies, increase efforts to improve degraded grasslands, and carry out classified comprehensive management of degraded grazing pastures, degraded mowing pastures, and severely desertified grasslands. Implement grassland ecological protection subsidy and reward policies, establish a mechanism linking subsidy and reward fund distribution with implementation effects, increase efforts to build native grass seed breeding bases, and enhance grass seed supply capacity. Strengthen the protection and restoration of forest ecosystems. Implement the systems of total forest land control, quota management, and forest land review and approval. Continuously strengthen the protection of natural forests in mountainous areas such as the Greater Khingan Mountains, Yinshan Mountains, and Helan Mountains, and steadily increase the forest and grass vegetation coverage in basins such as the Yellow River, Nen River, and West Liao River. Adhere to water-based greening principles, rationally plan land greening spaces, and carry out large-scale land greening actions. Focus on promoting the restoration and transformation of degraded forest stands in the northern Yanshan Mountains, implementing the restoration of degraded poplar forest stands, low-yield and inefficient apricot forests, and the rejuvenation of shrublands through stumping to ensure steady growth in forest resources and quality. Strengthen soil and water conservation efforts. Establish a new key prevention and control pattern for soil erosion centered on "two zones and three belts," enhance protection in key soil erosion prevention areas and key soil erosion control areas, and establish a sound supervision and management system for soil and water conservation. Strengthen the regulation of human-induced soil erosion in accordance with the law. Prioritize comprehensive management of the Ten Kongdui basins, enhance soil erosion control in the upstream hilly and gully regions, reduce sediment flow into the Yellow River from the midstream desertified areas, ensure flood control safety in the downstream alluvial plains, and holistically improve soil erosion management in the Yellow River Basin. Increase efforts to manage erosion gullies in the Northeast Black Soil Region, promote the construction of small ecologically clean watersheds, and carry out comprehensive soil erosion control on sloping farmland. By 2030, the level of soil erosion control in the Ten Kongdui basins will be further enhanced, with a soil and water conservation rate reaching 63% or higher; by 2035, soil erosion in the Ten Kongdui basins will be fully managed, with a soil and water conservation rate reaching 64% or higher. Strengthen mine ecological protection and restoration. Continue to promote mine geological environmental protection, restoration, and land reclamation in active mines, and encourage qualified mining areas to carry out large-scale comprehensive land management and adjacent mining enterprises to implement contiguous comprehensive management. Adapt measures to local conditions and implement targeted strategies for coordinated mine pollution control and ecological restoration, strengthen post-restoration monitoring and maintenance, advance the construction of green mines in an orderly manner, and actively promote a number of typical green mine cases. Increase efforts in the ecological restoration of historically abandoned mines, promote high-quality and efficient demonstration projects for historically abandoned mines, and strive to achieve full treatment of all planned engineering treatment plots in the inventory of historically abandoned mines by the end of 2030. Fully implement the "one reservoir, one policy" safety risk control measures for tailings ponds, improve the risk monitoring and early warning system for tailings ponds, and establish a classified and tiered environmental supervision system for tailings ponds. Strengthen ecological restoration and land reclamation of tailings ponds, gradually reduce the number and scale of tailings ponds, and facilitate the closure and deregistration of long-term inactive and ownerless tailings ponds. (III) Resolutely Win the Battle of the "Three Norths" Shelterbelt Project Win the Battle of the Yellow River's "Ji Zi Wan" Region. Focus on the management of the Mu Us Sandy Land, Kubuqi Desert, and Ulan Buh Desert. In the two comprehensive treatment areas—the Kubuqi Desert–Mu Us Sandy Land and the desertified land in the central and western sections of the Yin Mountains—promote the implementation of a number of regional systematic management projects to create a new highland for desertification prevention and control in the new era. Win the Battle of the Horqin and Hunshandak Sandy Lands. Focusing on the high-quality development of forest and grassland vegetation and cutting off the sources of wind and sand affecting the Beijing–Tianjin region, priority will be given to implementing comprehensive ecological management in the Horqin Sandy Land, the Hunshandake Sandy Land, and the Zhangjiakou–Chengde Bashang area. Measures such as engineering sand fixation, biological sand barriers, aerial seeding for afforestation, and enclosure for forest and grass regeneration will be adopted to advance the comprehensive management of the Horqin Sandy Land. In the eastern part of the Hunshandake Sandy Land, measures including enclosure and grazing prohibition will be implemented to protect shrub forests and sparse woodland on sandy land; in the central part, a combination of enclosure, aerial seeding, afforestation, and planting, integrating trees, shrubs, and grasses, will be used to achieve vegetation restoration; in the western part, measures such as mountain closure, forest and grass regeneration, grazing prohibition, rotational grazing, and grass-livestock balance will be adopted to reduce human disturbance. Firmly combat desertification along the Hexi Corridor–Taklimakan Desert edge. With a focus on securing the edges of the Badain Jaran and Tengger deserts, protected no-go zones will be demarcated in key wind-blown sand outlets and dust pathways in Alxa Right Banner and Ejin Banner, implementing comprehensive management of desertified land, construction of forest and grass belts along desert edges, and restoration of degraded forests. (IV) Safeguarding the Boundaries of Natural Ecological Security Strengthening the supervision and management of important ecological spaces. Accelerate the establishment of a protected area system centered on national parks such as Daqing Mountain and Helan Mountain, and promote refined management of protected areas. Enhance supervision, management, and enforcement in protected areas, strictly control non-ecological activities within them, and work toward the dynamic elimination of ecological and environmental issues within the ecological conservation red lines of protected areas. Conduct assessments of the ecological and environmental protection effectiveness of protected areas and ecological conservation red lines. Strengthening biodiversity conservation. Continuously carry out biodiversity surveys, monitoring, and assessments, and establish a sound biodiversity monitoring network and database. Enhance the protection and restoration of nationally key protected, rare, and endangered wildlife and plants, along with their habitats and native environments, connect important species' local and cross-border migration corridors, and improve the wildlife-borne disease prevention and control system. Continue to strengthen interdepartmental coordination, carry out specialized campaigns against invasive alien species, and jointly advance the prevention and control of invasive alien species and harmful organisms, while predicting and assessing biosafety risks. Establish and improve emergency response plans for major biosafety incidents and enhance rapid response mechanisms. By 2030, a relatively comprehensive ex situ conservation system for rare and endangered wildlife and plants will be formed, and capabilities for biosafety risk perception, identification, monitoring, early warning, assessment, and prevention and control will be significantly enhanced. Strengthening the protection of biological resources. Enhance the protection, exploration, collation, detection, screening, and evaluation of traits and functions of biological resources, accelerate the construction of breeding bases for improved varieties, conservation farms, and core breeding farms, build a leading domestic and internationally advanced basic research and commercial breeding system, promote the sharing and utilization of germplasm, improve the functions of the autonomous region’s digital germplasm resource bank, and ensure that the resources distributed or exchanged by the autonomous region’s designated germplasm resource banks amount to no less than 50 accessions. Enhance the safeguarding capacity of the ecological security barrier. Integrate basic geographic data, ecological environment quality data, natural resources data, and other information from various regions and departments to establish a monitoring indicator system for the autonomous region's ecological security barrier, enabling dynamic monitoring of forest coverage, grassland degradation, wetland conservation, desert control, biodiversity, ecological environment quality, and other aspects of the ecological security barrier. Establish an ecological security risk monitoring and early warning indicator system, and explore the implementation of ecological early warning monitoring for key lakes as well as forecasting and early warning for risks such as ecological damage and environmental pollution. Strengthen research on the ecological security barrier in key regions and key areas, and conduct preliminary studies on major projects, regularly assessing the status of the ecological security barrier. By 2035, a comprehensive, interconnected, and highly efficient three-dimensional ecological security barrier protection system will be fully established. III. Building a New High Ground for Green and Low-Carbon Development Guided by the "dual carbon" goals, deepen regional green development collaboration, strengthen the resource utilization of solid waste, vigorously develop green productivity, and demonstrate Inner Mongolia's responsibility and contribution in safeguarding the national energy security landscape and promoting the achievement of the national "dual carbon" goals. (I) Steadily Advancing Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Accelerate the establishment of a dual control system for carbon emissions. Improve and refine the statistical accounting system for carbon emissions at the regional, industrial, enterprise, and project levels, and establish policies and management mechanisms for regional carbon assessment, industrial carbon control, enterprise carbon management, project carbon evaluation, and product carbon footprint. Deepen the pilot construction of carbon monitoring and assessment in Inner Mongolia. Promote the construction of the National Carbon Metrology Center (Inner Mongolia), strengthen the construction and application of the online monitoring system for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality at the National Carbon Metrology Center (Inner Mongolia), and carry out carbon emission metering and monitoring in key industry sectors. Strengthen the control of carbon dioxide emissions in key areas and key industries, orderly promote carbon peaking in key industries such as steel, non-ferrous metals, building materials, and chemicals, and increase support for major projects and technological innovations in carbon dioxide emission reduction. Advance the construction of national carbon peaking pilot projects in Hohhot, Baotou, Ordos, and Chifeng High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, and cultivate and build a number of national and autonomous region-level zero-carbon parks. Develop a carbon footprint factor database for key products in advantageous industries, strengthen carbon footprint management for upstream and downstream enterprises, actively promote the national pilot construction of carbon footprint labeling and certification for two types of products—textiles (cashmere products) and aluminum—and carry out carbon footprint labeling and certification for other distinctive and advantageous products in batches and phases, exploring innovative models such as carbon accounts and carbon inclusion. Comprehensively strengthen energy conservation and carbon reduction in key areas. Focus on high-energy-consuming industries such as chemicals, steel, non-ferrous metals, building materials, coking, and coal chemicals to conduct energy conservation diagnostics. Develop an action plan for energy-saving technological upgrades, implementing energy-saving renovations in line with benchmark energy efficiency levels and advanced standards, and accelerating the elimination of outdated industrial capacity as well as processes, technologies, and equipment. Promote the establishment of energy management systems in wholesale, retail, accommodation, and catering enterprises, and encourage the application of high-efficiency energy-saving facilities, equipment, and new energy-saving models. Strengthen the energy-saving review of fixed asset investment projects and conduct carbon emission assessments for these projects. Promote multi-level and multi-sectoral collaborative innovation in pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction. Accelerate the implementation of effective models for synergistic efficiency in pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction, promoting synergistic efficiency in key areas such as industry, transportation, urban and rural construction, agriculture, and ecological development, and advancing coordinated control of air pollutants, water environment treatment, soil pollution control, and solid waste pollution prevention and control. Support the pilot construction of collaborative innovation in pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction in Ordos City, E-Tok High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, and Sulige Economic Development Zone. (II) Enhance the Green Level of Energy and Resources Promote the clean, low-carbon, and efficient use of coal energy. Optimize the coal capacity in Hulunbuir, Xilin Gol League, and Ordos, steadily advance the construction of advanced capacity in Tongliao and other regions, and manage and utilize rare coal types protectively. Summarize the achievements of energy-saving, carbon reduction, heating renovation, and flexibility improvement of coal-fired power units, explore and study the low-carbon transformation of coal-fired power units, and gradually reduce the use of fuel coal in non-power industries. Strengthen the overall planning management of mining areas, promote intensive and efficient development, and facilitate the comprehensive utilization of treated mine water. Actively expand the methods of methane extraction and utilization from coal mines, and implement coalbed methane development and utilization projects in Hulunbuir and Xilin Gol League. Promote the high-end, diversified, and low-carbon development of the modern coal chemical industry, build a high-quality demonstration zone for the modern coal chemical industry and a strategic base for coal-to-oil and gas conversion in Ordos, and explore the coupled development model of modern coal chemicals with green hydrogen and carbon capture, utilization, and storage. Actively promote the R&D and industrial application of special coal-based fuels and biodegradable materials, and orderly advance the construction of modern coal chemical projects planned by the state and the region to extend and complement the industrial chain. Vigorously develop new energy. Promote the high-proportion development of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power, focusing on building million-kW level wind power bases in Baotou, Tongliao, Xilin Gol League, Ulanqab, Ordos, Bayannur, and Alashan. Actively develop distributed PV and dispersed wind power, prioritizing the layout of new PV power stations along border areas, deserts, semi-deserts, subsidence areas due to coal mining, and open-pit mine spoil heaps. Vigorously develop the hydrogen production industry using new energy, explore innovative development models for the new energy industry, and promote the high-quality development of "wind, solar, hydrogen, and storage" industrial clusters. Strengthen the carbon fiber and other carbon-based material industries, and build a national important base for new energy equipment manufacturing, fully creating a cluster area for the integrated development of new energy and advanced high-energy-consuming industries. Enhance the supply capacity of green electricity, broaden the application areas for green electricity substitution, increase the proportion of green electricity usage, and accelerate the replacement of renewable energy in key industries and industrial parks such as ferroalloys, non-ferrous metals, and data centers. By 2030, the installed capacity of new energy will exceed 300 million kW, and the proportion of renewable electricity consumption will reach over 40%. Comprehensively advance the conservation and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources. Promote green exploration, intensive development, and large-scale utilization of mineral resources, and implement a new round of strategic mineral resource exploration breakthroughs. Accelerate the development of high-end rare earth functional materials, and establish Baotou City as the largest rare earth new materials base in the country and a globally leading rare earth application base. Increase exploration efforts for unconventional natural gas. Steadily advance the extraction of valuable components from metal tailings and the standardized utilization of residual waste after extraction. By 2035, the structure and spatial layout of mineral resource development and utilization will be fully optimized, and resource utilization efficiency will be further enhanced. (3) Cultivate and Expand Green Productivity Promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. Accelerate the transformation of traditional industries using high and new technologies as well as advanced applicable technologies, extend, supplement, and expand industrial chains, and drive the high-end, intelligent, and green transformation of traditional industries. Improve the technological equipment level of non-ferrous metals, advance deep processing, expand downstream application fields, and enrich the variety of end-use products. Promote the transformation, upgrading, and technological enhancement of steel enterprises, drive integrated development of exploration, mining, beneficiation, smelting, and processing, and develop green, high-value-added steel products. Transform and develop the green building materials industry, strictly control new cement capacity, standardize the mining of ceramic raw materials, promote technological transformation and upgrading of glass enterprises, and vigorously develop new-type wall materials, green insulation materials, and green ceramics. Promote the integrated construction of the entire industry chain for coking enterprises, advance deep processing of by-products such as coke oven gas and coal tar, and extend the industry chain downstream to coal-based new materials and fine chemicals. Accelerate the cultivation of emerging and future industries. Deepen the work of strengthening industrial chains through quality and enhance quality support for industrial development. Cultivate advanced manufacturing clusters such as modern equipment manufacturing, fine chemicals, non-ferrous metal processing, new materials, and biopharmaceuticals to high standards, and accelerate the advancement of national advanced manufacturing clusters in dairy, rare earth new materials, and modern coal chemicals to world-class levels. Strengthen and expand advantageous industries such as the new energy industry and green agricultural and livestock product processing, forming new growth engines. Deeply implement the "East Data, West Computing" project, advance the pilot construction of national computing-power coordination development, and create a nationwide green computing power guarantee base. Accelerate the cultivation of future industries such as the low-altitude economy, artificial intelligence, biomanufacturing, and new-type alloy materials. Promote the high-quality development of ecological agriculture and animal husbandry. Implement the strategy of storing grain in the land and technology, drive the transformation and upgrading of the entire industry chain and value chain in agriculture and animal husbandry, and facilitate the sector's transition toward advanced development. Accelerate the construction of high-standard farmland, modern ecological pastures, functional zones for grain production, and protected areas for important agricultural products such as cotton, oil, and sugar. Support the development of facility agriculture that is ecologically intensive, efficient, and land-use compliant. Expedite the production, R&D, and application of high-end and specialized agricultural machinery and equipment. Optimize the spatial layout of livestock and poultry farming, including dairy, mutton sheep, beef cattle, pigs, poultry, specialty breeding, wool, and forage feed, guiding the concentration of major agricultural and livestock products in advantageous regions. (IV) Building a Waste Recycling System Promote source reduction of solid waste. Strengthen standardized environmental management of general industrial solid waste, and conduct surveys and graded classification of historical solid waste stockpiling sites. Focus on source reduction of bulk industrial solid waste such as fly ash, coal gangue, and smelting slag, and recommend a batch of advanced and applicable technological equipment for inclusion in the national catalog of advanced applicable technologies and equipment for comprehensive utilization of industrial resources. Collect typical cases of "zero-waste industrial parks" and "zero-waste enterprises" to guide industrial parks and enterprises in adopting zero-waste production methods, achieving source reduction and localized resource utilization of industrial solid waste. Enhance clean production audits and the application of results for enterprises in key industries, encouraging waste-generating enterprises to strengthen production process management, optimize solid waste treatment processes, improve the quality of solid waste resources, and reduce the difficulty of comprehensive utilization. Strengthen whole-process management of product production and circulation, restrict excessive packaging, and promote the marketing of pre-cleaned vegetables to reduce the generation of municipal solid waste. Enhance the level of waste resource utilization and reuse. Reinforce the primary responsibility of waste-generating units and implement the extended producer responsibility system. Develop local standards for the comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste and promote the application of evaluation and management results for industrial solid waste resource utilization. Promote the comprehensive development and utilization of industrial solid waste based on elemental value, and vigorously expand the application of coal gangue and fly ash in green building materials, mine filling, pit backfilling, subsidence area remediation, saline-alkali soil improvement, desertification land ecological restoration, and watershed management. Advance the resource utilization of high-aluminum fly ash in Ordos City, and pilot the transportation and resource utilization of fly ash in Xilingol League. Promote the construction of recycling projects for decommissioned new energy equipment such as wind turbines and PV equipment in relevant leagues and cities, and facilitate the second-life application of equipment and key components. Advance the classified utilization and centralized disposal of renewable resources such as end-of-life vehicles, retired home appliances, used batteries, and waste tires. Encourage the rational extension of deep-processing industry chains for renewable resources including steel scrap, non-ferrous metal scrap, waste paper, and waste plastic. Carry out large-scale equipment renewal in key sectors and trade-in programs for consumer goods in an orderly manner. IV. Winning the Battle to Protect Blue Skies, Clear Waters, and Clean Land Adhering to precise, scientific, and law-based pollution control, efforts will focus on key regions, sectors, and critical areas to fight the battles for blue skies, clear waters, and clean land at higher standards. Ecological and environmental risk prevention and control will be strengthened to promote continuous improvement in environmental quality and enhance people's sense of happiness and fulfillment from a beautiful ecological environment. (I) Protecting the Fresh Air of Blue Skies and White Clouds Vigorously improve air quality in Wuhai and surrounding areas. Enhance the joint regional mechanism for preventing, controlling, and treating air pollution. Accelerate the green transformation of industrial structures and promote ultra-low emission upgrades in the coking industry. Deepen industrial pollution control, ensuring that industrial enterprises strictly comply with special emission limits for air pollutants. Strengthen comprehensive environmental management in mining areas, intensify dust control efforts, and advance geological environmental protection and land reclamation by mining enterprises. Steadily advance the management of fire hotspots in mining areas to achieve "dynamic zeroing" of fire hotspots. Comprehensively strengthen law enforcement and supervision in mining areas, and improve the regional coordinated mechanism for ecological and environmental law enforcement. Continue to deepen VOC treatment. Accelerate the substitution of raw and auxiliary materials with low or no VOC content, and strictly control the construction of projects that produce or use high-VOC-content coatings, inks, adhesives, cleaning agents, etc. Strengthen comprehensive VOC management across all processes and stages, comprehensively promote VOC treatment in key industries such as petrochemicals, chemicals, and biological fermentation, and vigorously adopt advanced production processes and efficient pollution control facilities. Key industries in key regions must strictly adhere to special control requirements. Promote in-depth treatment in key industries. Complete ultra-low emission upgrades for key industries such as steel, coking, and cement, as well as coal-fired boilers (including power generation) of 65 mt/hour or above in an orderly manner. Implement clean fuel substitution for industrial furnaces, and safely and steadily promote the replacement of high-pollution fuels in industrial furnaces with industrial waste heat, electricity, natural gas, etc. Strengthen efforts to phase out and renovate coal-fired boilers, incorporate the replacement of coal-fired heating boilers into urban heating plans, promote the substitution of fuel-type coal gas generators with clean energy, and implement centralized gas supply and decentralized use in parks (clusters) based on local conditions. Implement actions to eliminate heavy pollution weather. Strengthen joint air pollution prevention and control in Hubao-E-Ba and Wuhai and surrounding areas, enhance air quality early warning and forecasting, and implement regional emergency responses scientifically and precisely. Improve the "one enterprise, one policy" emergency emission reduction list, and implement performance grading and differentiated control for key industries during heavy pollution weather. Strengthen monitoring and early warning for dust weather, and improve the construction of meteorological and air quality monitoring networks in dust source areas and along dust transport paths. Strengthen dust control in construction sites, roads, stockpiles, and exposed ground. Enhance the management of straw burning and improve the level of comprehensive utilization. Focus on solving pollution problems such as cooking fumes and foul odors near residential areas. Vigorously promote the comprehensive management of scattered coal burning in urban villages and peri-urban villages across the region, and steadily advance the replacement of scattered coal for residential use and facility agriculture in rural and pastoral areas. Promote the comprehensive control of motor vehicle pollution. Continuously promote the shift from road to rail for bulk cargo transportation and the transition from loose to containerized transport, and advance multimodal transport demonstration projects. By 2035, the proportion of railway freight turnover in total freight turnover is expected to reach over 60%. Strengthen the comprehensive management of non-road mobile sources, and promote the new energy transformation and upgrading of internal operation vehicles and machinery in railway yards, logistics parks, airports, as well as power, steel, coal, coking, building materials, and ore enterprises. Encourage the adoption of new energy for newly added or updated forklifts under 3 tons. Strengthen the full-process control of refined oil quality, thoroughly clean up self-built oil tanks, mobile refueling trucks, and illegal refueling stations, and crack down on the production, import, and sale of oil products that do not meet national standards. Intensify supervision and law enforcement over motor vehicle inspection agencies, strengthen road inspections of heavy-duty trucks, and severely punish all kinds of illegal activities. (II) Building Beautiful Rivers and Lakes with Clear Water and Green Banks Strengthen water resource management. Accelerate the construction of an Inner Mongolia water network with a focus on the Yellow River, Xiliao River, Nenjiang River, Erguna River, and Heihe River, supported by major water diversion projects such as Yinchuo Jiliao and Inner Mongolia Branch, and with large and medium-sized reservoirs like Haibowan, Nierji, Hongshan, Dongtaizi, and Wendegen serving as regulation nodes. Enhance the construction of key water conveyance and drainage channels, improve the capacity for coordinated water allocation, water supply security, and strategic reserves, and aim to increase the diverted and transferred water volume by 3 billion m³ by 2035. Increase the development of atmospheric water resources and carry out ecological restoration through artificial rain enhancement operations at appropriate times. Strictly implement the "Four Waters Four Determinations" policy, and reinforce the rigid constraints on water resources. Strictly enforce the system of planning water resources assessment, and use the approval opinions of the planning water resources assessment as important bases for planning approval and project layout. Promote the transformation and upgrading of existing enterprises and industrial parks with a focus on water conservation, and implement the construction and renovation of urban public water supply networks, gradually reducing the leakage rate of urban public water supply networks. Increase the allocation of unconventional water sources such as reclaimed water, mine water, and dewatering water, and improve the level of circular and efficient use of water resources. Conduct national pilot projects for regional reclaimed water circulation and utilization, and key cities for reclaimed water utilization. Vigorously develop high-efficiency water-saving irrigation in agriculture, promote the application of intelligent meteorological water-saving irrigation technology, enhance the fine management of agricultural water use, and intensify the modernization transformation of large and medium-sized irrigation districts such as Hetao. Continuously improve the quality of the water environment. Strictly manage urban drainage permits, accelerate the renovation of urban domestic sewage collection and treatment facilities and the remediation of mixed and misconnected stormwater and sewage pipelines, and promote the construction of sponge cities. Carry out water pollution remediation in industrial parks to enhance the efficiency of sewage collection and treatment. Consolidate and enhance the results of urban black and odorous water body treatment to achieve long-term clear water quality. Basically complete the investigation and remediation of river discharge outlets, and improve the monitoring and supervision system for these outlets. Solidly advance the standardized construction of drinking water source areas and the construction of alternative water sources, consolidating and enhancing the safety assurance level of drinking water sources. Consolidate and improve the quality of the water ecological environment in river basins such as the Yellow River, Nen River, Argun River, Haihe River, Liaohe River, and rivers in the northwest. Promote the protection and restoration of aquatic ecosystems. Using the river and lake chief system as a lever, strengthen the protection and utilization of river and lake shorelines, and advance the normalization of the "clearing four disorders" in rivers and lakes. Focusing on the Yellow River and the West Liaohe River, continue to carry out ecological restoration and protection in river basins, strengthen comprehensive soil and water conservation and groundwater over-extraction management, and establish forest and grass vegetation primarily for water conservation in important water source areas. Implement ecological restoration projects such as water ecological environment protection, and increase efforts to protect and restore important wetlands like Ulansuhai Nur. Strengthen the guarantee of ecological base flow (water volume) in key rivers and lakes, accelerate the construction of river channel management projects in the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River, and enhance the early warning and prevention of algal blooms in key lakes and reservoirs. Strengthen the protection and restoration of water source conservation areas and ecological buffer zones, conduct aquatic ecological monitoring in the Yellow River and key rivers and lakes, and reinforce the management, control, and protection of river and lake ecological spaces. Deepen the comprehensive management of the "One Lake and Two Seas" and Chahan Nur. In Hulun Lake, continue to implement the treatment of degraded and desertified grasslands around the lake, strengthen wetland protection and restoration, ensure the unimpeded fish migration channel from Hulun Lake to the Wuerxun River and Bell Lake, and scientifically carry out ecological water replenishment. For Ulansuhai Nur, focus on advancing non-point source pollution control and aquatic ecological protection, construct purification facilities such as ecological channels and constructed wetlands, continuously strive for and allocate water quotas from the Yellow River, and implement ecological water replenishment to Ulansuhai Nur. In Daihai, prioritize the ecological construction of river buffer zones, enhance the water conservation capacity of inflow rivers such as the Gongba River, Muhua River, and Tiancheng River, improve the effectiveness of emergency water replenishment projects, and ensure the ecological water demand of the lake. For Chahan Nur, focus on measures such as wetland vegetation restoration and ecological monitoring to protect wetland resources and biodiversity, preserve natural wetland landscapes, and effectively restore the ecological environment of the basin. Promote the demonstration and leadership of "Beautiful Rivers and Lakes" construction. Integrate the management of water resources, aquatic ecology, and water environment, and accelerate the realization of more rivers and lakes achieving the beautiful scene of "clear water and green banks, fish swimming in shallow water, and harmony between humans and water." Fully explore water culture, advance the construction of water-accessible and public-friendly facilities, support the construction of high-quality livable areas, enhance the quality of public water-accessible environments, and allow the public to intuitively experience the beauty of rivers and lakes. Actively apply for the Ministry of Ecology and Environment's "Beautiful Rivers and Lakes" outstanding case designation, improve the long-term management mechanism for beautiful rivers and lakes, and basically complete the construction of beautiful rivers and lakes by 2035. (III) Building a Pure Land and Clean Fields as the Granary Beyond the Great Wall Strengthen the construction of high-standard farmland. Focusing on the Songnen Plain, Xiliao River Plain, Tumochuan Plain, and Hetao Plain, carry out high-standard farmland construction, promote the pilot construction of national comprehensive high-standard farmland areas in the Hetao Irrigation District and Jalaid Banner of Xing'an League, and by 2035, convert all permanent basic farmland with suitable conditions into high-standard farmland. Comprehensively ascertain the "soil inventory," establish a long-term mechanism for the protection and improvement of cultivated land quality, and by 2035, raise the quality grade of cultivated land across the region to 5.1. Safeguard the black soil, the "giant panda" of cultivated land. In distribution areas of black soil cultivated land such as the northwestern plateau and hilly region of the Greater Khingan Mountains, the southeastern shallow mountain and hilly region of the Greater Khingan Mountains, the Yanshan mountainous and hilly region, and the Xiliao River Irrigation District, address issues like the thinning, depletion, and hardening of black soil cultivated land. Strengthen the survey of black soil resources and evaluation of quality grades, establish a black soil resource database, improve the black soil quality monitoring network, enhance the assessment of project implementation effects and effectiveness monitoring, and strictly crack down on illegal activities such as unauthorized excavation, excessive digging, and illegal trading of black soil that damage black soil resources and the ecological environment in accordance with the law. Promote the comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land. Focusing on the improvement of saline-alkali cultivated land in the three major irrigation districts of the Xiliao River Plain, Tumochuan Plain, and Hetao Plain, strengthen the construction and maintenance of farmland infrastructure to prevent secondary salinization of cultivated land. By 2035, effectively curb the trend of salinization in existing cultivated land and improve 20.82 million mu of saline-alkali cultivated land. Solidly advance the prevention and control of soil ecological environment risks at the source. Strengthen the classified management of agricultural land, coordinate with territorial spatial planning, dynamically adjust the quantity and boundaries of agricultural land under priority protection, safe utilization, and strict control categories based on soil pollution levels and relevant standards, and refine and implement classified management measures. Enhance the management of priority protected cultivated land, and strengthen the monitoring and protection of soil ecological environment quality. Strengthen the management of priority supervised plots, establish a key control list for high-risk plots near sensitive receptors such as drinking water sources and residential areas, block pollution diffusion pathways, eliminate impacts on sensitive receptors, and complete key control of listed plots by the end of 2027. Strengthen the traceability, remediation, and safe utilization of contaminated agricultural land. Fully initiate the traceability of contaminated agricultural land, promote comprehensive investigation by banners (cities, districts) as appropriate, and carry out phased remediation as needed. Solidly advance the investigation of causes of heavy metal pollution in contaminated cultivated land soils, and continue to promote the investigation and remediation of industries and enterprises involving heavy metals such as cadmium around cultivated land areas. For safe utilization of farmland, select optimized fertilization and other safe utilization technologies; for strictly controlled farmland, adopt measures such as adjusting the planting structure and crop rotation and fallowing. Strengthen risk control and remediation of construction land. Strictly manage the list of key units under environmental supervision to ensure that all major soil pollution regulatory units are included. Enhance environmental management with a focus on discharge permits, urging key soil pollution regulatory units to comply with requirements for controlling the emission of toxic and hazardous substances, conducting soil pollution risk assessments, and self-monitoring according to discharge permit regulations and standards. Strengthen the supervision of plots involved in industrial relocation and the relocation of hazardous chemical producers in densely populated urban areas, and orderly promote soil pollution control on plots that are temporarily not being developed. Explore the establishment of a model where enterprises can simultaneously produce and control pollution. By 2027, the rate of qualified rectification of hidden dangers by key soil pollution regulatory units should reach over 90%. Strengthen groundwater environmental protection. Dynamically update the list of key polluting units for groundwater pollution prevention and control, and improve the groundwater ecological environment monitoring network. Intensify groundwater environmental supervision of "one enterprise, one reservoir" (chemical producers, tailings ponds), and "two sites, two zones" (hazardous waste disposal sites, landfills, industrial clusters dominated by the chemical industry, and mining areas). Define and adjust key areas for groundwater pollution prevention and control as appropriate, promoting zonal management and graded prevention and control of the groundwater environment. Conduct special campaigns for groundwater pollution in chemical parks. (4) Safeguard the Bottom Line of Ecological and Environmental Security Strengthen the environmental risk control of hazardous waste. Deepen the assessment of standardized environmental management of hazardous waste, continuously enhancing environmental risk prevention and control. Optimize the structure of hazardous waste utilization and disposal capabilities, focusing on addressing the shortcomings in the treatment capacity for special hazardous waste, and promote the construction of regional centralized disposal centers for special categories of hazardous waste. Continue to advance the collection of hazardous waste from small and micro-enterprises, and the exemption management and transfer "white list" system for "point-to-point" directed use of hazardous waste. Strengthen the construction of medical waste centralized disposal and transportation capabilities, and improve the medical waste collection system and the coordination and emergency response mechanism for medical waste during major epidemics. Strengthen heavy metal pollution control. Strictly implement the requirements for the control of key heavy metals in key regions, and strengthen comprehensive heavy metal pollution control in areas such as Chifeng City and Bayannur City. Legally conduct mandatory clean production audits for key heavy metal industry enterprises, and carry out investigations and rectifications of thallium-related enterprises. Continuously reinforce the special emission limits for particulate matter and key heavy metal pollutants in the lead-zinc smelting and copper smelting industries in key regions. Strengthen the management of new pollutants. Conduct environmental information surveys on chemicals and enhanced monitoring of the first batch of priority-assessed chemicals, pilot monitoring of new pollutants, and enhance the monitoring capability for new pollutants. Conduct pilot assessments of environmental risks posed by emerging pollutants in key regions such as the Yellow River Basin and the "One Lake and Two Seas," as well as in key industries including chemicals and pharmaceuticals, and establish a regional inventory of high-concern emerging pollutants. Enterprises will be urged to strictly implement registration responsibilities for new chemical substances and adopt relevant environmental risk control measures to manage environmental risks throughout the entire life cycle of emerging pollutants. Illegal production and processing of eliminated persistent organic pollutants will be strictly cracked down upon in accordance with the law, and control measures for newly listed persistent organic pollutants will be implemented. By 2035, environmental risks from emerging pollutants will be effectively controlled. Ensure nuclear and radiation safety. Improve the nuclear and radiation safety regulatory system and strengthen supervision of entities utilizing nuclear technology and enterprises engaged in the development and utilization of associated radioactive ore. Enhance whole-process supervision of the sales, use, and disposal of radiation-emitting devices and radioactive sources. Strengthen radiation safety supervision during the development and utilization of uranium (thorium) mines and enhance the standardized management of the radioactive waste repository in Baotou City. Improve the treatment, disposal, and comprehensive utilization of solid waste from associated radioactive ore. Strengthen the development of radiation environmental monitoring and emergency response capabilities, enhance radiation emergency monitoring capacities at the league and city levels, and improve the construction of the nuclear and radiation emergency collaboration network. Promote standardized management of electromagnetic radiation construction projects and strengthen supervisory monitoring around key electromagnetic facilities. Continuously enhance scientific understanding of nuclear safety culture and advance the construction of nuclear safety culture demonstration bases. Promote the normalization of environmental risk management. Conduct ecological and environmental health surveys and monitoring, and improve the environmental risk assessment and emergency response management system. Strengthen communication and collaboration among key departments, and enhance emergency coordination mechanisms such as information sharing, resource allocation, and joint response. Promote the application of environmental emergency technical equipment and strengthen the development of environmental emergency rescue teams at the league and city levels. Enhance the practical application and emergency drills of the "one river, one policy, one map" approach for sudden water pollution incidents in key rivers. Promote the optimization of environmental emergency monitoring and early warning network layouts in key river basins, optimize the allocation of emergency monitoring resources, encourage participation from third-party monitoring forces, and establish an emergency monitoring system for sudden environmental incidents characterized by vertical coordination, regional support, and multi-party collaboration. Effectively address the adverse impacts and risks of climate change. Emphasize both mitigation and adaptation, and vigorously enhance the capacity to adapt to climate change. Improve the functionality of meteorological disaster monitoring and early warning systems, and enhance the forecasting of impacts and risk warnings for disasters such as droughts, floods, snowstorms, strong winds, hail, lightning, forest and grassland fires, and ice jams in the Yellow River. Establish a dataset for projecting future climate change in the Inner Mongolia region, and strengthen monitoring of the impacts of meteorological disasters and climate change on ecological security. Establish a comprehensive monitoring network for population exposure and health, as well as a climate change risk assessment system. Enhance impact and risk assessments of climate change on key vulnerable areas and climate-sensitive industries and regions, with a focus on improving the capacity of water resources, agriculture and animal husbandry, infrastructure, and climate-sensitive secondary and tertiary industries to adapt to climate change. By 2030, a basic system for climate change observation and prediction, impact assessment, and risk management will be established; by 2035, climate change monitoring and early warning capabilities will be further enhanced, and the climate risk management and prevention system will be largely mature. V. Expanding the "Inner Mongolia Path" for Ecological Value Transformation Fully leverage the resource advantages of vast forests, grasslands, deserts, wetlands, and lakes. By improving mechanisms, implementing holistic protection, and carrying out systematic restoration, facilitate the two-way transformation path of "lucid waters and lush mountains," improve the mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products, and achieve the simultaneous prosperity of ecology and economy. (I) Improving the Mechanism for Realizing the Value of Ecological Products Enhance the monitoring and value accounting system for ecological products. Deepen the investigation of basic information on ecological products, clarify the ecological assets and baseline of the autonomous region, establish a catalog of ecological products, and improve the system for dynamic monitoring and information resource sharing of ecological products. Deepen reforms of the paid-use system for natural resource assets owned by the whole people, and orderly advance the unified confirmation and registration of natural resource rights. Explore the integration of basic data for ecological product value accounting into the autonomous region's national economic accounting system, and promote the application of accounting results in ecological protection compensation, ecological environment damage compensation, financing for development and operation, and trading of ecological resource rights. Strengthen the branding of ecological industries. Implement regional brand enhancement initiatives, increase the influence of regional public brands such as "Tianfu Hedao," Ulanqab potatoes, and Wuhai grapes, and build regional characteristic brands such as Xilingol lamb, Hulunbuir grassland lamb, Horqin beef, Chifeng millet, Xing'an rice, and dairy products. Widely promote the image of "Vast Grasslands, Expansive Pastures, Ecological Inner Mongolia, and Delicious Green Flavors," advance the "Meng" label certification, and promote high-quality green "Meng"-branded ecological products to domestic and international markets. Continuously explore ecological and climate resources to empower the development of ecological industries. (II) Promoting Models for Realizing the Value of Ecological Products Deepen the sustainable utilization of forest and grassland resources. Develop economic forests and understory economies according to local conditions, accelerate the construction of industrial bases for specialty forest foods, characteristic forest fruits, woody grain and oil crops, and Chinese medicinal herbs under forests, as well as understory breeding industries. Develop high-value-added specialty forest products and transform the advantages of forest resources into industrial strengths. Implement breeding models such as year-round stall-feeding, semi-stall-feeding, and grazing plus supplementary feeding according to local conditions, as well as production and operation models such as family ranches, collective economic organizations plus specialized cooperatives, smart ranches, entrusted breeding benefit linkages, and cold-season off-site breeding. Encourage the expansion of industrial development models such as clustering in parks and integrating animal husbandry with culture and tourism. Comprehensively promote the transformation of the value of ecological products for desertification control. Promote the Kubuqi and Dengkou models, as well as PV-based desertification control experiences. Consolidate and expand the "economic forest + traditional Chinese medicine" model, and promote the development of sand land economic forestry, fruit, and the planting of traditional Chinese medicines such as Cistanche on Haloxylon ammodendron, based on local conditions. Integrate desertification control with new energy development, deepen the integrated approach to "grazing prohibition, sand land management, and PV green electricity," and promote three-dimensional development models such as "power generation above, planting below, and breeding in between." Develop characteristic tourism in sandy areas under the premise of high-level protection, and continuously launch ecological cultural tourism activities such as the Yinshan Crossing, Golden Autumn Poplar, and Xilingol Hunshandake Sand Land Self-Drive Rally. Promote the transformation of the ecological product value mechanism for mine governance and restoration. Innovate major technologies for the coordinated advancement of mineral resource development and protection, actively explore the "mining moves mountains, reclamation restores green mountains, and transformation creates gold mountains" mine development model, and promote various green coordinated development models such as "mine governance + PV" and "mining-reclamation-agriculture-park" based on local conditions. Strengthen the demonstration and guidance for the realization of ecological product value. Deepen the innovation of the ecological product value realization mechanism in Hulunbuir, Xing'an League, Chifeng, Xilingol League, Ordos, Alashan League, Arxan, and Linhe District, actively explore value accounting applications, path model explorations, and institutional reforms, and promptly summarize and promote typical experiences. (3) Strengthen the Guarantee for Realizing the Value of Ecological Products Promote the matching of supply and demand for ecological products. Relying on the Autonomous Region's Ecological Product Trading Center, regularly hold ecological product promotion meetings targeting regions such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and comprehensively promote online and offline transactions and investment attraction for ecological products. Support eligible regions to explore the establishment of ecological financial service companies and ecological industry funds, and actively develop unique ecological credit products using the expected income rights from under-forest economy, ecological compensation, and carbon emission rights as collateral. Promote the trading of resource and environmental rights. Establish and improve the measurement and management system for forests, grasslands, and wetlands, and the monitoring system for carbon sink volumes, strengthen the research on key technologies and methods for urgently needed carbon sink volume measurements, and build specialized laboratories for carbon sink measurements. Deeply carry out actions to consolidate and enhance the carbon sink capacity of ecosystems, fully tap the potential of forest and grassland carbon sinks, promote the carbon sink project reserves of enterprises such as the Inner Mongolia Forestry Industry Group, and create a state-owned forest carbon sink reserve base. Actively seek national pilot projects for forest and grassland carbon sinks, advance the pilot work of forest carbon sink trading in Hohhot, Baotou, Hulunbuir, and Xing'an League, accelerate the construction of the Forest and Grassland Carbon Sink (Baotou) Experimental Zone, and promote the formation of replicable and scalable forest and grassland carbon sink development and trading models, encouraging qualified shrub afforestation and other projects to be developed into national voluntary greenhouse gas reduction projects. Improve the system for paid use and trading of pollution discharge rights, and encourage regions with the necessary conditions to address water demand through water rights trading. Enhance the ecological protection compensation mechanism. Refine the allocation mechanism for transfer payments to key ecological function zones, and explore incorporating factors such as the value accounting of ecological products and the area of ecological protection red lines into the allocation mechanism. Actively promote inter-provincial horizontal ecological compensation within the Yellow River Basin, and explore the establishment of a horizontal ecological protection compensation mechanism among leagues and cities along the Yellow River. Promote the establishment of a comprehensive ecological protection compensation mechanism covering natural ecological spaces such as forests, grasslands, and wetlands. Encourage insurance institutions to participate in developing green insurance products for ecological protection compensation. VI. Building a Beautiful New Homeland That Is Livable and Conducive to Business Adhere to prioritizing the people's livability and comfortable residence, deeply advance the people-centered new-type urbanization strategy and the comprehensive rural revitalization strategy. Proceed from the actual needs of production and daily life to create urban characteristics with regional individuality, inherit the regional features of beautiful rural and pastoral areas, and comprehensively enhance the quality of urban and rural living environments. (I) Strengthening the Construction of Modern, Livable, and Beautiful Cities Highlight the distinctive characteristics of each league and city. Adhere to adapting measures to local conditions and demonstration-driven approaches, and promote the construction of beautiful cities in leagues and cities in a phased manner. Promote Hohhot City to build a "Beautiful Green City, Grassland Metropolis," establishing it as a pioneer demonstration city for ecological civilization and high-quality development; Baotou City, based on its characteristics as a modern industrial city, to create a uniquely charming "Natural City" on the grassland frontier; Hulunbuir City to leverage its advantages in agricultural and pastoral resources, building a distinctive grassland famous city; Xing'an League, as an important node city in the east, to construct an ecologically livable and scenically happy "Xing'an League on the Xing'an Mountains"; Tongliao City, based on its role as a national high-quality green agricultural and livestock product production base and a national comprehensive transportation hub city, to build an accessible and vast modern regional central city in the east; Chifeng City, based on its role as a national important energy and strategic resource supply guarantee base, to build a modern regional central city in the eastern part of the autonomous region; Xilingol League, based on its role as a national important ecological function area and a national important agricultural and livestock product production base, to create a grassland pearl that is livable and conducive to business; Ulanqab City, based on its role as a northern data center city and a new channel for "green energy to Beijing," to build a grassland on the outskirts of Beijing and a summer capital; Ordos City, based on its role as a national important energy and strategic resource base, to create an ecologically livable warm city on the frontier and a charming city; Bayannur City to focus on the high-quality development of agriculture and animal husbandry, creating a Jiangnan-like region on the frontier and a grassland water city in the Hetao Irrigation District; Wuhai City, characterized by its waterfront livability and ecological gardens, to build a "Sea in the Desert" city of sand and sea; Alxa League to leverage the charm of its unique desert tourism destination, "advancing with goodness" to build an ecologically livable city. Promote green and low-carbon urban development. Advance urban renewal initiatives in an orderly manner, addressing shortcomings in municipal infrastructure construction. Optimize the urban energy supply structure. Continue to promote the development of demonstration projects for urban green freight and logistics. Accelerate energy-saving retrofits of existing buildings, with all new civil buildings in urban areas across the region required to meet green building standards. By 2035, urban buildings are expected to achieve clean heating comprehensively. Promote source reduction, classified treatment, and recycling of urban construction waste. Deepen the national low-carbon city pilot programs in Hulunbuir City and Wuhai City, and advance Hohhot City’s efforts to build a climate-resilient city. Enhance the ecological livability of cities. Protect the natural landscape and water features of cities, promote integrated planning of ecological corridors, ventilation corridors, urban greenways, landscape corridors, and infrastructure, and facilitate the formation of a complete ecological network connecting urban water systems and green spaces with surrounding rivers, lakes, forests, and farmland. Rationalize the layout of structural green spaces such as green corridors and greenways, creating a balanced and shared urban green space system. Strengthen the development of comprehensive parks, specialized parks, community parks, suburban parks, and wetland parks. Scientifically increase small-scale green spaces in central urban areas and old residential communities, and encourage the use of street corners and community micro-spaces for greening. Consolidate the achievements of national garden city construction and actively work toward becoming national forest cities. Incorporate biodiversity conservation requirements into urban construction standards and planning, and encourage the development of urban biodiversity open spaces and experience sites. Improve the systems for classified disposal, collection, transportation, and treatment of household waste in prefecture-level cities, achieving full coverage of waste classification in urban residential communities. Explore the development of eco-communities. Integrate efforts such as the renovation and upgrading of existing housing, urban renewal of old residential communities, and maintenance of municipal infrastructure and public service facilities to promote the greening of community infrastructure and the ecological enhancement of urban environments. Incorporate concepts such as low-carbon energy efficiency and biodiversity friendliness into the planning, construction, management, and daily life of new communities. Support and guide communities in carrying out volunteer services for water and electricity conservation, waste classification, plastic reduction, noise control, and environmental beautification. Promote the construction of quiet communities. Coordinate urban-rural integrated development. Integrate urban and rural planning and layout, promoting a shift in urban development from outward expansion to inward enhancement. Ensure that county townscapes blend harmoniously with surrounding natural landscapes, encourage industrial clusters to concentrate around urban areas, and extend urban public services to cover these industrial clusters. Use counties as the basic unit for integrated planning and layout of infrastructure such as roads, water supply, power supply, information networks, broadcasting and television, and flood control. Advocate for a layout approach combining large-scale decentralization with small-scale concentration, and develop distributed energy, waste treatment, and sewage treatment facilities based on local conditions. Strengthen the construction of towns, villages, and characteristic blocks featuring intangible cultural heritage in agriculture and animal husbandry. (II) Enhancing the Development of Beautiful Rural Pastoral Areas Optimizing the classification and layout of villages. Fully respecting the development patterns of rural pastoral villages and the will of the people, orderly promote the development of rural pastoral residential areas according to categories such as agglomeration and upgrading, suburban integration, characteristic protection, and relocation and consolidation. On the basis of strictly implementing the boundaries for cultivated land and permanent basic farmland, ecological protection red lines, and village spatial control, establish a scientific, moderate, and orderly layout system for rural pastoral residential areas. Enhance the landscape improvement of rural pastoral residential areas, preserve the original topography and landforms of the countryside, strengthen the protection and inheritance of rural cultural heritage, and protect historically and culturally famous villages as well as traditional villages. Coordinated promotion of rural pastoral living environment improvement. Drawing on the experience of the "Ten Million Projects," accelerate the improvement of the living environment in rural areas along the Yellow River Basin, around the "One Lake and Two Seas," and along the banks of major rivers and lakes. Establish systems for the collection, transportation, and disposal of domestic waste, harmless treatment of fecal waste, management of domestic sewage, and protection of drinking water sources that are suitable for the actual conditions of rural pastoral areas. Continuously advance the comprehensive management of non-point source pollution in agriculture, strengthen the recycling and disposal of pesticide packaging waste, promote the scientific use and recycling of plastic film, encourage the return of straw to fields and its resource utilization, and advance the purification of the production environment. Continue to carry out dynamic investigation and remediation of black and odorous water bodies in rural pastoral areas, basically eliminating black and odorous water bodies and large areas of inferior Class V water bodies. Solidly advance the toilet revolution in rural pastoral areas, exploring integrated planning and layout, integrated construction, and integrated management, maintenance, and utilization models for toilet fecal waste and domestic sewage. Improve long-term mechanisms for farmers and herders to participate in the improvement, operation, maintenance, and management of the living environment. Promoting the construction of beautiful villages. Implement actions to promote the construction of beautiful villages across entire banners and counties. By 2027, select 3–5 key banners (cities, districts) with strong local characteristics and highlights, capable of forming replicable and scalable good experiences and practices, and whose construction achievements are widely recognized by the people, and recommend them for inclusion in the coordinated advancement of the Beautiful China Pioneer Zones. Deeply implement rural greening and beautification, increase the ecological green coverage in villages, and build a system of rural ecological corridors. Fully explore rural tourism operation models to enhance the sustainable development capacity of agriculture and animal husbandry. Encourage and guide villagers to actively develop courtyard economies. Vigorously promote the substitution of clean energy in rural areas, adhering to the principle of establishing before dismantling, and advancing clean heating in clusters according to local conditions. Conduct monitoring and evaluation of the rural ecological environment. VII. Building a New Pattern of Whole-People Action for a Beautiful Inner Mongolia Guided by Xi Jinping's Thought on Ecological Civilization and Xi Jinping's Thought on Culture, actively implement the enhancement action for the construction of the Northern Frontier Culture, promote the concept of ecological civilization, carry out whole-people actions for building a beautiful Inner Mongolia, and foster a strong atmosphere throughout society that advocates and participates in the construction of ecological civilization. (I) Vigorously Promoting Ecological Culture Strengthen the construction of ecological culture throughout the region. Vigorously promote and propagate the spirit of the Mongolian horse and the "Three Norths Spirit," foster cultural confidence and self-improvement in building a beautiful Inner Mongolia, and enhance the understanding, recognition, and participation of all ethnic groups in the construction of a beautiful Inner Mongolia. Prosper and develop ecological literature, actively host events such as the Inner Mongolia Ecological Literature Week, implement high-quality ecological cultural projects, and carry out the collection, selection, and exhibition of outstanding ecological cultural works. Relying on ecological civilization construction demonstration zones and "Lucid Waters and Lush Mountains Are Invaluable Assets" practice and innovation bases, establish a number of ecological literature creation practice points. Promote the deep integration of ecology and cultural tourism. Encourage leagues and cities to jointly create large scenic areas, develop "premium tourism routes" across regions, and build a cultural tourism integration development pattern with ecology as the base, culture as the feature, and tourism as the industry. Strengthen the systematic planning of tourism resources such as mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, and deserts, and vigorously develop tourism products such as forest tourism, grassland tourism, ice and snow tourism, desert tourism, and border tourism. Continuously build brands such as "Song Tour Inner Mongolia" and create a national-level ecological protection experimental zone for agricultural and pastoral culture (Chifeng). With Hulunbuir City and Xing'an League as the core, build an influential ice and snow economy leading zone, and encourage the introduction of a series of attractive ice and snow activities and events. (II) Practicing Green and Low-Carbon Living Enhance the green level of food consumption. Vigorously promote green and organic foods and agricultural products. Guide consumers to establish civilized and healthy food consumption concepts, and reasonably and moderately purchase, store, prepare food, order meals, and dine. Urge food producers and operators to implement measures against food waste. Promote various government agencies, enterprises, and institutions to establish and improve canteen dining management systems and implement measures to prevent food waste. Continuously advance the "Clean Plate Campaign" and resolutely curb catering waste. Integrate requirements such as civilized dining tables into citizen conventions, village regulations, and industry standards. Vigorously develop green transportation. Significantly increase the proportion of NEVs in urban public transport, taxis (including ride-hailing), sanitation, urban logistics distribution, postal express delivery, civil aviation airports, and official use in Party and government agencies. Accelerate the construction of infrastructure such as charging piles and battery swapping stations. In key areas such as Hohhot, Baotou, Ulanqab, and Ordos, the proportion of NEVs in newly added or updated public transport vehicles should be no less than 95%. By 2027, the proportion of NEVs in newly added vehicles (excluding trucks) is expected to reach 35%. Consolidate the achievements of Hohhot and Wuhai as national "Transit Metropolises," and strengthen the construction of infrastructure such as public transport transfer hubs, public transport stations, and public transport lanes. Enrich the street and alley networks to connect pedestrian spaces and the landscapes along the routes, and strengthen the construction of urban slow-traffic systems such as pedestrian walkways and dedicated bicycle lanes. Fully promote the consumption of green products. Optimize government green procurement policies, expand the scope and scale of green product procurement, and incorporate carbon footprint requirements into government procurement in a timely manner. Strengthen the quality and brand building of green and low-carbon products. Actively establish standards and labeling systems for green and low-carbon products. Encourage e-commerce platforms, shopping malls, supermarkets, and other distribution enterprises to set up dedicated sections for green and low-carbon products, designate special sessions for green and low-carbon products during major sales promotions, and actively promote green and low-carbon products. Reduce the use of disposable consumer goods and strengthen the full-chain governance of excessive packaging of goods. (3) Jointly Discuss and Plan a Beautiful Vision Enhance ecological civilization publicity. Plan and launch major thematic exhibitions on ecological civilization construction, comprehensively showcasing the vivid practices and key achievements in building a beautiful Inner Mongolia from 2025 to 2035. Actively cultivate and select advanced models emerging in the field of ecological environment construction, and fully leverage the exemplary and leading roles of representative figures and advanced collectives. Seize opportunities such as World Environment Day and National Ecology Day to carry out various forms of thematic publicity activities on ecological civilization, enhancing public awareness of conservation, environmental protection, and ecology. Deepen the opening of environmental protection facilities to the public, enabling more people to visit these facilities. Give full play to the bridging role of industry associations and chambers of commerce, encourage and support enterprises in strengthening the construction of publicity platforms, training environmental interpreters, and actively participating in the dissemination of ecological value concepts and ecological culture. Promote the construction of conservation-oriented government agencies, leveraging their exemplary and leading roles. Actively guide enterprises to proactively fulfill their environmental social responsibilities, explore innovative green development production and operation models, voluntarily release corporate social responsibility reports, and accept social supervision. Carry out ecological environment volunteer service activities. Develop and strengthen volunteer service teams, and promote the institutionalization, standardization, and normalization of ecological environment volunteer services. Leverage the role of grassroots platforms such as New Era Civilization Practice Centers (stations), neighborhood committees, and homeowners’ associations, as well as the broad mobilization capacity of mass organizations, and utilize the "social worker + volunteer" model to foster positive interaction between social workers and ecological environment volunteers. Establish project incubation and cultivation mechanisms, promote the project-based development of ecological environment volunteer services, and cultivate and build branded ecological environment volunteer service initiatives. Support the organization of ecological environment volunteer service exhibitions and exchange activities. Carry out ecological civilization education and practice activities. Incorporate Xi Jinping’s Thought on Ecological Civilization into school education and teaching activities, and continuously guide and promote schools in various regions to carry out lively research and practice activities related to building a beautiful China. Make full use of museums, exhibition halls, science and technology museums, and leverage the roles of research and practice bases, ecological civilization education bases, and ecological environment science popularization bases to provide venues and create conditions for students' extracurricular activities. Continue to deepen the "Search for the Most Beautiful Families" campaign, selecting exemplary green families that save energy resources, protect the ecological environment, and participate in ecological environment volunteer services. Organize thematic activities such as the selection of green families, waste sorting, and food conservation to guide families to actively disseminate and exemplify the concept of ecological civilization. VIII. Improving the Governance System for Building a Beautiful Inner Mongolia Focusing on the goal of building a beautiful Inner Mongolia, deepen the reform of the ecological civilization system, follow the path of reform and innovation, system integration, and policy coordination, implement the responsibilities of various entities, and execute a stimulus policy package of policies, legal measures, and technological support to improve the ecological environment governance system and capacity. (I) Establishing a Multi-Stakeholder Co-Governance Responsibility System Improve the coordination mechanism for ecological civilization construction. Fully implement the "List of Ecological Environmental Protection Responsibilities of Party Committees and Governments at All Levels and Relevant Departments of the Autonomous Region" and the "Three Managements and Three Musts" requirements for relevant departments, fulfill the responsibilities of building an ecological security barrier and protecting the ecological environment, and implement the accountability system for Party and government officials for ecological environmental damage. Improve the mechanism for coordinated supervision, ensuring the transfer and handling of case clues in the field of ecological environment and the linkage of accountability. Accelerate the improvement of a target responsibility system centered on improving ecological environment quality, strengthen interdepartmental coordination, and adhere to the principles of "territorial management, hierarchical responsibility" and "whoever is in charge, is responsible." Enhance the mechanism for auditing and rectifying natural resource assets of officials upon leaving their posts, as well as the collaboration and coordination mechanism. Strictly implement the river and lake chief system and the forest chief system. Implement the primary responsibility of enterprises in pollution control. Improve the environmental management system for stationary pollution sources centered on pollutant discharge permits, and strictly enforce corporate responsibilities for pollution control, damage compensation, and ecological restoration. Enhance the corporate environmental information disclosure mechanism, strengthening mandatory environmental governance information disclosure for publicly listed firms and bond-issuing enterprises. Fully leverage the functions of industry self-discipline and supervision to promote the establishment of guidance and constraint mechanisms for corporate green development and lawful pollutant discharge, forming an industry order that is resource-saving and environmentally friendly. Establish a credit rating system for polluting enterprises, creating mechanisms for "rewarding trustworthiness" and "penalizing dishonesty." Strengthen public participation in environmental governance. Continue to carry out the thematic practice activities of "Beautiful China, I Am an Actor," giving full play to the regulatory role of various social organizations in building a beautiful Inner Mongolia. Improve the public participation, supervision, and feedback mechanisms for environmental assessments of major policies and major projects. Establish and improve the work mechanism for ecological and environmental complaints and reports through letters and visits, as well as the 12345 hotline, encouraging public participation in reporting violations of ecological and environmental laws. (II) Improve the Ecological and Environmental Management System Promote the improvement of local regulatory and standard systems. Focusing on key areas of the ecological environment, promote the revision and improvement of relevant local regulations. Develop a standard system for the important ecological security barrier in northern China, and research and formulate standards in areas such as pollution prevention and control, ecological conservation and restoration, green and low-carbon industries, resource conservation and utilization, ecological and environmental risk prevention, and ecological and environmental supervision. Promote standardization in the field of water recycling. Improve the ecological and environmental protection inspection system. Strengthen the system and mechanisms of ecological and environmental protection inspections at the autonomous region level, enhance the team and capacity building, increase the application of new technologies, and conduct special inspections targeting prominent regional and sectoral ecological and environmental issues. Strengthen the implementation of rectification measures from ecological and environmental protection inspections, enhance inter-departmental coordination, and form a joint supervisory force. Deepen the linkage between environmental administrative law enforcement and judicial proceedings. Improve the joint law enforcement coordination mechanism among the ecological environment department and other departments such as natural resources, water conservancy, forestry and grassland, and agriculture and animal husbandry, establish an information sharing and consultation mechanism for major, complex, and difficult cases with public security, procuratorate, and court organs, and improve the connection mechanism between ecological and environmental protection administrative law enforcement and criminal justice, strengthening the construction of the "two laws" connection information platform. Promote the institutionalization of information sharing, standardize the criteria and procedures for case transfer, and improve the feedback mechanism for the handling results of transferred cases. (III) Enhance the Level of Green Scientific and Technological Innovation Further implement the "Science and Technology Revitalizes Inner Mongolia" initiative. Focus on key technological breakthroughs in areas such as the construction of ecological security barriers, green manufacturing, energy conservation and carbon reduction, renewable energy, multi-pollutant synergistic control, and comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste resources, and plan and implement a number of major scientific and technological projects. Carry out technology integration and application demonstrations, and build a number of high-level green technology innovation platforms. Strengthen innovative collaboration with national ministries, developed regions, and domestic and overseas universities, research institutes, and technology enterprises. Intensify cooperation and exchanges in cross-border ecological and environmental protection and desertification control. Strengthen the application of scientific and technological achievements. Improve the work mechanism for the implementation of major scientific research projects and the output of scientific and technological achievements. Build a science and technology innovation system combining "government, industry, academia, research, and application," and improve the service system for the transformation and commercialization of scientific and technological achievements. Conduct R&D and demonstration in key areas such as energy conservation and environmental protection, carbon reduction, clean production, clean energy, ecological conservation and restoration, and urban and rural green infrastructure, and promote the dissemination and application of cutting-edge green and low-carbon technologies and equipment. Strengthen the Talent Team Development. Enhance the development of academic disciplines and majors related to ecological environmental protection and the construction of ecological security barriers, as well as the cultivation of high-level talent in the field of ecology and environment. Implement the "Yingcai Xingmeng" project to expand the size of the talent team, improve the quality of the talent team, optimize the structure of the talent team, and refine the talent service support system, promoting the integration of talent scale, quality, and structure with the construction of a Beautiful Inner Mongolia. (IV) Enhance Ecological and Environmental Governance Capacity Establish a Modern Ecological Environment Monitoring System. Accelerate the construction of an integrated, refined ecological environment monitoring network covering environmental quality, pollution sources, and natural ecological conditions through sky-ground integration, strengthen the capabilities of remote sensing interpretation analysis and ground monitoring personnel, and improve the level of forecasting and prediction. Conduct supervision, monitoring, and evaluation of ecological quality, and strengthen ecological monitoring and early warning. Enhance monitoring capacity for greenhouse gases, groundwater, new pollutants, noise, radiation, and rural environments. Accelerate the construction of a high-level intelligent ecological environment monitoring system, comprehensively improving the automation, intelligence, and three-dimensional capabilities of ecological environment monitoring. Strengthen the ecological environment monitoring capacity at the banner (city, district) level. Strengthen Ecological and Environmental Supervision Capacity. Accelerate and continuously improve the construction of Inner Mongolia's "Window of Ecology" service platform, promoting the sharing, development, and utilization of ecological environment data resources. Enhance the application of ecological environment supervision scenarios in urban operation platforms, strengthening supervision over dust, stationary pollution sources, mobile pollution sources, hazardous waste, etc. Continue to deepen the "streamlining administration, delegating power, improving regulation, and upgrading services" reform in the field of ecology and environment, and establish a sound classification and tiered supervision system. Promote the "Internet + Unified Command + Comprehensive Law Enforcement" off-site supervision model, and implement IoT supervision methods such as video monitoring and monitoring of water and electricity usage in environmental protection facilities. Enhance Ecological and Environmental Law Enforcement Capacity. Promote cooperation and exchange in joint ecological and environmental law enforcement in regional and cross-provincial adjacent areas, and innovate cross-regional and cross-basin joint environmental supervision models. Address the shortcomings in law enforcement capacity in areas such as climate change response, ecological protection, and nuclear and radiation safety. Actively promote the application of technological means such as drones, unmanned ships, mobile monitoring vehicles, and satellite remote sensing in ecological and environmental law enforcement. Strengthen the supervision and law enforcement capacity at the league-city and banner (city, district) levels, and enhance the development of grassroots law enforcement teams. IX. Promote the Timely Realization of the Goal of a Beautiful Inner Mongolia Vigorously promote the spirit of the Mongolian horse, characterized by "enduring hardship, pressing forward unyieldingly, and never giving up until the goal is achieved," and take the construction of a Beautiful Inner Mongolia as an important political task, ensuring it is grasped firmly and implemented effectively. Work hard and pragmatically, take real action, and act swiftly and decisively to ensure that all tasks for building a Beautiful Inner Mongolia are carried out effectively and yield tangible results. (I) Strengthening Organizational Leadership. Adhere to the leadership of the Party throughout the entire process of building a Beautiful Inner Mongolia, establish a working mechanism where the autonomous region takes overall responsibility, leagues and cities as well as banners and counties (cities, districts) implement the tasks, and departments fulfill their respective duties. All regions and departments shall incorporate the implementation of this outline into their important agendas, and make overall arrangements in relevant plans and policies. The Office of the Autonomous Region Ecological and Environmental Protection Committee (located in the Department of Ecology and Environment of the Autonomous Region) shall enhance the organization and coordination of the implementation of this outline, promote the overall deployment, task implementation, and follow-up assessment of the outline in a coordinated manner, study and establish an assessment indicator system for the effectiveness of building a Beautiful Inner Mongolia, and transition the assessment of the effectiveness of the battle against pollution to the assessment of the effectiveness of building a Beautiful Inner Mongolia at an appropriate time. (II) Enhancing Policy Coordination. All regions and relevant departments shall align and coordinate their relevant plans with this outline, and promote the implementation of the goals, tasks, and projects for building a Beautiful Inner Mongolia. Strengthen communication and coordination with national ministries and commissions, and strive to incorporate the key tasks and major projects of building a Beautiful Inner Mongolia into national relevant plans and programs. (III) Increasing Financial Input. Actively seek central government funds, coordinate existing funds of the autonomous region, and support the building of a Beautiful Inner Mongolia. Strengthen fiscal, financial, and price policy support. Establish a diversified investment and financing mechanism, innovate development models and investment and financing models guided by ecological and environmental considerations, explore financial support models for regional projects, innovate financial products and services such as insurance, orderly promote green credit, issue green bonds, guide various financial resources and social capital to flow into green and low-carbon fields, and study and explore the establishment of a Beautiful Inner Mongolia Construction Fund. Increase support for comprehensive desertification prevention and control and key ecological projects such as the "Three-North" Shelterbelt Program. Innovate investment mechanisms for ecological protection and restoration, such as work relief and post-construction subsidies, and facilitate direct participation channels for farmers and herders. (IV) Promoting Demonstration and Dissemination. Tailor measures to local conditions and create a number of demonstration benchmarks for building beautiful cities and beautiful villages at different levels and categories, actively carry out the construction of "Beautiful Cells," regularly publish outstanding cases, and strengthen the promotion and application of typical models. Conduct publicity on the effectiveness of building a Beautiful Inner Mongolia. Deepen the construction of demonstration zones for ecological civilization and practice and innovation bases for the concept that "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets." Recognize and commend advanced units and individuals who have made significant achievements and contributions to the building of a Beautiful Inner Mongolia in accordance with relevant regulations. Source: People's Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

【SMM Steel】Slovakia's Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Environment announced the second round of a EUR 150 million industrial decarbonization program, fully funded by the European Union. The program aims to help industries implement energy-saving and carbon reduction technologies to lower emissions and emission allowance costs. Subsidies target companies covered by the EU Emissions Trading System, which account for approximately 90% of the country's total industrial emissions. Each project must achieve emission reductions of at least 10,000 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent compared to the five-year historical average. Authorities stated this EU funding will serve as a crucial tool to stimulate sluggish investment and maintain employment.

On September 26, 2025, the Department of Industry and Information Technology of Hebei province issued the "Notice on Carrying out the Recommendation Work for the 2025 Catalog of Green and Low-Carbon Advanced Technology Equipment in the Industrial Sector." This notice aims to implement the "Hebei Province '14th Five-Year Plan' for Industrial Green Development" and the "Implementation Plan for Carbon Peaking in the Industrial Sector of Hebei Province," accelerate the promotion and application of advanced and suitable green and low-carbon technologies and equipment in industry, and provide direction for energy conservation and carbon reduction in key industry sectors, exerting an important impact on the green and low-carbon development of the industrial sector. The notice clarifies relevant matters such as the scope of recommendation, application conditions, and recommendation procedures, providing specific guidance and assurance for the promotion and application of green and low-carbon technology equipment in industry. I. The Scope of Recommendation Covers Seven Major Categories of Technology Equipment The notice is oriented towards supporting the achievement of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, recommending superior technology equipment with multiple advantages, specifically including seven categories. First, energy-saving and carbon-reduction technologies in key industry sectors, such as process innovation and optimization technologies in industries like steel, and energy-saving and efficiency improvement technologies in areas like data centers. Second, low-carbon transition technologies for energy use, such as clean and low-carbon hydrogen production and application, renewable energy integration technologies like efficient ESS, and multi-energy efficient complementary technologies. Third, industrial carbon reduction technologies, including low-carbon raw material and fuel substitution and other low-carbon, zero-carbon, and negative-carbon technologies. Fourth, synergistic transition technologies for digitalization and greening, such as digital energy and carbon management technologies deeply integrated with various information and communication technologies. Fifth, water efficiency improvement technologies, such as the replacement of high water-consumption production processes. Sixth, comprehensive utilization technologies for industrial resources, including source reduction of industrial solid waste. Seventh, high-efficiency energy-saving equipment, i.e., industrially mass-produced equipment whose energy efficiency indicators meet or exceed the Grade 1 energy efficiency level of relevant national standards. II. Application Conditions Specify Strict Requirements Applicant enterprises (units) must possess independent legal person status and have no adverse records in the credit information reports published on official credit websites such as Credit China. The technology (product) applied for must comply with national and provincial relevant industrial policies, have clear intellectual property or patent technology rights, possess at least one successful application case domestically with stable operation for no less than one year, be mature and reliable with high promotion value and potential, and the product's main performance indicators must be at a leading level and already put into batch production. III. Recommendation Process and Result Announcement Are Standardized and Transparent The industry and information technology bureaus of each city (including Dingzhou and Xinji cities), the Industry, Technology and Data Bureau of Xiongan New Area, and relevant industry associations are required to organize relevant enterprises to apply, fill out application forms by category, conduct reviews, and recommend the best candidates. The summary forms and application materials must be sent as required to the Department of Industry and Information Technology of Hebei province (Energy Conservation and Comprehensive Utilization Division) by October 27, 2025, with electronic versions sent to the designated email address. Recommended projects will be selectively included in the "Hebei Province Green and Low-Carbon Technology Equipment Recommendation Catalog for the Industrial Sector," to be publicly released by the Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology. The issuance of this notice reflects Hebei province's high regard for the green and low-carbon transformation of its industry. It will help accelerate the promotion and application of advanced, suitable green and low-carbon technologies and equipment in industry, drive energy conservation and carbon reduction in key industries, inject new momentum into the green development of Hebei province's industry, and contribute to achieving the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals.

I. Policy Review: Hydrogen Policy Dynamics (A) Domestic Policies Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and seven other departments : Issued the “Automotive Industry Steady-Growth Work Plan (2025–2026)”. The document calls for accelerating the full market expansion of NEVs. It urges advancing the pilot program for full electrification of public-sector vehicles, driving the 25 pilot cities to add more than 700,000 NEVs in urban buses, taxis, and logistics distribution. It will continue to organize the NEV promotion campaign in rural areas and county-level battery-charging and battery-swapping facility gap-filling pilots to raise rural electrification levels. It will actively carry out fuel-cell vehicle demonstration applications and promote large-scale deployment of medium- and long-haul, medium- and heavy-duty fuel-cell commercial vehicles. Ministry of Transport : Released the “Technical Specifications for Road Transport of Hydrogen (Including Liquid Hydrogen)” among seven transport-industry standards. The specification sets equipment requirements and procedures for transport, parking, and emergency handling of UN1049 hydrogen (including UN1966 liquid hydrogen) by road. It applies to road transport using tube trailers, tank trucks, tube-container skids, and tank containers, but not to transport using bulk cylinders, vertical cylinder bundles, basket assemblies, or solid-state hydrogen storage systems. Effective 1 March 2026; standard number JT/T 1568-2025. Policy Interpretation: MIIT et al., “Automotive Industry Steady-Growth Work Plan (2025–2026)” : The plan explicitly positions fuel-cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) as a key direction for NEV market expansion, focusing on medium- and long-haul, medium- and heavy-duty commercial vehicles. It plans to deploy 700,000 NEVs (including FCEVs) through 25 pilot cities and to complement this with county-level charging and swapping gap-filling pilots. This layout aligns closely with global trends—IDTechEx forecasts that by 2044 hydrogen fuel-cell trucks will account for 19% of the zero-emission heavy-duty truck market. Ministry of Transport, “Technical Specifications for Road Transport of Hydrogen (Including Liquid Hydrogen)” : The standard fills the regulatory gap for hydrogen transport, resolving the previous problem of “multiple regulators and inconsistent technical parameters” and provides operational guidance for cross-regional hydrogen corridors such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Chengdu-Chongqing hydrogen corridors. (B) International Policies European Commission: Approved Spain’s €1.2 billion renewable hydrogen support scheme. The program will allocate funds through competitive tenders, prioritizing green-hydrogen production facilities of at least 100 MW, including renewable hydrogen-derived fuels, hydrogen storage solutions, and supporting renewable power projects. It aims to help Spain reach 12 GW of electrolyzer capacity by 2030, reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels, and cut 1 million mt of CO₂ emissions. European Commission: Approved the Germany-Netherlands €3 billion H2Global hydrogen import plan. Germany contributes €2.7 billion and the Netherlands €300 million. A dual-auction mechanism will procure green hydrogen from non-EU countries at the lowest cost and resell it to industrial users at market prices, with the difference subsidized by public funds. Germany: Adopted the National Hydrogen Strategy, targeting 5 GW of green-hydrogen capacity by 2030. France: Updated the National Hydrogen Strategy. It establishes a €4 billion support mechanism over 15 years to ensure low-carbon hydrogen competitiveness. Adjustments include 4.5 GW of electrolyzer capacity by 2030 and 8 GW by 2035; strengthening technology autonomy across the entire industry chain; developing low-carbon hydrogen transport networks; and safeguarding basic conditions for hydrogen industry development. US: US President Trump signed the “Big and Beautiful” bill, extending the start-of-construction deadline for hydrogen tax-credit projects by two years to 1 January 2028. Projects originally required to begin construction before 1 January 2026 to receive up to $3 per kg can now qualify if construction starts by 1 January 2028. Policy Interpretation: 1. Fragmented Standards and Cost Pain: The EU’s “carbon extraterritoriality” sparks controversy: its accounting method excludes “recycled carbon fuels” such as biomass-based hydrogen, accused of technological discrimination; CBAM’s tracing of indirect emissions (e.g., grid carbon intensity for electrolytic hydrogen) downgraded a Moroccan PV-hydrogen project because the grid contains 15% coal power. More problematically, fluctuating EU carbon prices (peaking at €110/mt in 2023) directly affect imported hydrogen costs, forcing Algeria and others to demand “carbon-price-linked” long-term contracts—new trade clauses reshaping global energy pacts. 2. Competition and Positioning: The EU-China decarbonization stimulus policy packages essentially use standards as industrial weapons. German pipelines, French electrolyzers, and US subsidies form the “Three Kingdoms” of the hydrogen era. For China, it must both accelerate alignment with EU carbon-footprint accounting and guard against “standard barriers” evolving into “technological lock-in”—when the EU mandates second-generation hydrogen-barrier coatings for 2027 projects, the speed of domestic technology iteration will determine China’s position in the global low-carbon race. II. Corporate Dynamics: Project Signings and Technical Cooperation (A) Project Intelligence China Salt Cavern Comprehensive Utilization Co., Ltd.: Based on geological conditions, China Salt Group’s large-scale hydrogen storage key technology and test validation—dual-salt-cavern hydrogen storage verification platform project (constructed by China Salt Cavern Co.) preliminary design and single-well design for four wells On-site technical services tender released. The project is located in Jintan District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, involving the construction of two new salt cavern groups, each with a water volume of 120,000 m³. The design services include preliminary design, single-well design for four wells, and on-site technical services. Wuxi Runxin New Energy Co., Ltd.: Wuxi Runxin New Energy Co., Ltd. released a hydrogen procurement project announcement for its Shuofang hydrogen refueling station. Procurement content: hydrogen; required quantity: 1; unit: m³. Guangzhou Development Energy Logistics Group Co., Ltd.: The EPC general contracting tender for the Guangzhou Development Integrated Energy Station project was released. The project mainly involves the conversion of a gas refueling station into an integrated hydrogen refueling comprehensive energy station on Longxue Island, Nansha District, and the construction of a new hydrogen refueling station on the Zhudian Road plot in Nansha District. Urban Management and Comprehensive Law Enforcement Bureau of Tianhe District, Guangzhou: Released a government procurement intention for the "Hydrogen Fuel Cell Sanitation Vehicle Procurement Project". The project has a budget of 10 million yuan, procuring three 18-mt hydrogen fuel cell sprinklers and four 18-mt hydrogen fuel cell sweeping vehicles. The sprinklers are required to be hydrogen-powered with functions such as municipal road sprinkling, flushing, cleaning, and dust reduction; the sweeping vehicles are required to be hydrogen-powered with functions including municipal road surface sweeping, washing, and sewage and waste collection. Jinhua Jinyi Comprehensive Bonded Zone Construction and Development Co., Ltd.: Released a procurement announcement for hydrogen energy equipment for the cold storage operation in Phase II, Plot L of the Jinyi Comprehensive Bonded Zone. Procurement content: three hydrogen fuel cell counterbalanced forklifts, with a maximum unit price limit of 346,833.33 yuan each; one hydrogen fuel cell shuttle vehicle (three rows, six seats), with a maximum unit price limit of 234,333.33 yuan each; two hydrogen fuel cell shuttle vehicles (two rows, four seats), with a maximum unit price limit of 214,500 yuan each; ten hydrogen fuel cell patrol vehicles, with a maximum unit price limit of 19,826.67 yuan each. China Resources Power (Panjin) Co., Ltd.: Released an inquiry procurement announcement for hydrogen dryer adsorbent for the equipment management department. Huaneng Shandong Branch Dezhou Power Plant: Released an inquiry and comparison procurement announcement for the hydrogen supply system equipment project for two 660MW cogeneration units. (II) Enterprise Dynamics Beijing Gome Hydrogen Energy Technology Co., Ltd. : According to AiQicha, Beijing Gome Hydrogen Energy Technology Co., Ltd. was established on September 10, 2025. Its business scope includes general projects: emerging energy technology R&D; ESS services; new-type membrane material sales; battery sales; generator and generating set sales; hydrogen refueling and storage facility sales; gas and liquid separation and purification equipment sales; PV equipment and components sales; new energy prime mover sales; land pipeline transportation; auto parts wholesale; energy-saving management services; and NEV auto sales. Huadian Baotou Hydrogen Energy Technology: Wang Xinyu, Director and Party Committee Secretary of Inner Mongolia Huadian Hydrogen Energy Technology Co., Ltd., and Yue Wei, Deputy General Manager and Party Committee Member, signed a strategic cooperation agreement with Li Chensheng, General Manager of Baotou Enn Gas Co., Ltd., at the company headquarters. Shaanxi Hydrogen Energy: During the 3rd Western China Hydrogen Energy Expo, Shaanxi Hydrogen Energy held discussions and exchanges with the People's Governments of Baoji City, Hanzhong City, and Hangjin Banner, respectively. HyDeal Hydrogen: HyDeal Hydrogen announced on September 15 the completion of a new round of strategic financing, with investments from institutions including NIO Capital, and continued support from existing shareholders such as Xianghe Capital and Joy Capital. Part of NIO Capital's investment was arranged through a strategic cooperation with China Electronics Corporation. This round of financing will focus on global market expansion and new product development, further strengthening HyDeal Hydrogen's technological innovation advantages and commercial leadership in the green hydrogen industry. CCCC Northwest Regional Headquarters: Wang Chaojiang, General Manager of CCCC Northwest Regional Headquarters, met with Huang Ye, Party Committee Secretary and Chairman of Shaanxi Hydrogen Energy Industry Development Co., Ltd., in Yulin. The two sides held discussions on new development opportunities and signed a cooperation framework agreement. Shanghai Huayi Group Co., Ltd.: Issued the "Announcement on Partial Shutdown of Subsidiary's Facilities." The announcement stated that, in accordance with government requirements and directives regarding industrial adjustment, transformation, and industrial carbon peaking in the Wujing area, the facilities at the Wujing base of Shanghai Huayi Energy Chemical Co., Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Huayi Group, have been permanently shut down. Shanghai Huayi Energy Chemical is a wholly-owned subsidiary primarily producing methanol, acetic acid, hydrogen, syngas, and other products. The shutdown involves facilities at the Wujing base (with a designed methanol capacity of 950,000 mt and a 2024 capacity utilization rate of 46.5%; acetic acid designed capacity of 700,000 mt and a 2024 capacity utilization rate of 70.7%). These facilities were built earlier. Guofu Hydrogen Energy: Guofu Hydrogen Energy formally signed a cooperation agreement with South Korea's Hylium Industries, Inc., reaching a consensus on the development of hydrogen production, storage, and transportation systems and solutions for the South Korean market. III. Technological Progress: Efficiency and Cost Breakthroughs (I) Production, Storage, and Transportation Sector Foshan Xianhu Laboratory: The industry's first "zero-carbon ammonia-fueled aluminum billet heating furnace" for aluminum extrusion production was launched at Foshan Xianhu Laboratory. This equipment achieves zero-carbon operation in the aluminum processing heating stage, marking a significant step in the green transformation of China's aluminum processing industry. Shougang Group Co., Ltd.: Successfully developed a full series of hydrogen pipeline steels including B/X42/X52/X60/X65MH, overcoming six key technical bottlenecks such as hydrogen embrittlement damage and low-temperature toughness, and formed a relatively complete product matrix for hydrogen pipeline steels. CNPC Baoshun (Qinhuangdao) Steel Pipe Co., Ltd. : Successfully trial-produced multiple specifications of "longitudinal submerged arc welded pipes" (D610x12.7/14.3mm, material/X60MH) for pure hydrogen transportation. SPIC Central Research Institute: The hydrogen storage and transportation team of the Advanced Low-Carbon Institute developed a large-diameter (DN150), high-pressure (10MPa) non-metallic flexible hydrogen pipeline, which achieved safe and stable operation for 30 days on the test platform. Offshore Oil Engineering Special Equipment Branch: The self-developed design achievement of the "cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank" for deep-sea floating platforms obtained the Approval in Principle (AIP) certificate from the China Classification Society (CCS), marking that the safety and reliability of this achievement fully comply with the classification society's specifications. Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences: Breakthrough in alkaline electrolyzer membrane technology: Developed an ultra-thin (20μm) composite separator, increasing the electrolysis system efficiency to 85% (LHV) with a lifespan exceeding 60,000 hours. (II) Fuel Cell Innovation Liaoning General Aviation Research Institute: The RX4M, China's first self-developed four-seat hybrid electric aircraft developed by the team of Academician Yang Fengtian at the Liaoning General Aviation Research Institute of Shenyang Aerospace University, successfully completed its maiden flight at Shenyang Faku Caihu Airport, contributing the "China solution" to global electric aircraft development. Dongfang Hydrogen Energy: Obtained a patent for a system that increases the humidity of incoming air in fuel cell stacks. Georgia Power: Successfully completed the second hydrogen-natural gas blended fuel experiment for the M501GAC natural gas turbine, developed in cooperation with Mitsubishi Power, under both partial and full load conditions. US Hydrogen Energy Association (DoE) led the establishment of the "Hydrogen Refueling Station Compatibility Alliance" : Unified the interface standard for 70MPa hydrogen refueling nozzles, eliminating barriers in refueling protocols among automakers such as Toyota, Hyundai, and Nikola, and promoting interoperability of hydrogen refueling networks.

On July 10, the People's Government of Hainan Province issued the Notice on Printing and Distributing the Hainan Low-Carbon Island Construction Plan. The document states that by 2030, the province will achieve carbon peak, with socioeconomic development rapidly advancing toward low-carbon direction. By 2045, a comprehensive low-carbon island will be fully established, with annual CO2 emissions decreasing by 70% compared to peak levels, and a new-type energy system featuring zero-carbon, high-efficiency, smart, resilient, and safe characteristics will be completed. By 2060, the province will achieve carbon neutrality. Leveraging technological empowerment, the plan aims to build a highland for low-carbon industrial innovation. It promotes innovation through application by establishing multi-level low-carbon technology innovation and application platforms. The plan focuses on breakthroughs and promotion of core low-carbon technologies, advancing research on low-carbon energy integration technologies such as high-efficiency solar cells, electrochemical ESS, and green hydrogen-to-methanol production. It accelerates innovation in CCUS technologies including new-type carbon capture materials, CO2-enhanced oil recovery, and subsea storage, forging new competitive advantages in green low-carbon industries. Targeting green low-carbon sectors, biomanufacturing, new materials, and future energy fields, the plan promotes demonstration projects for advanced green low-carbon technologies, facilitating deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation. Pursuing new quality, the plan drives the development of emerging low-carbon industries. It accelerates the integrated development of smart manufacturing and green low-carbon transformation, cultivating and expanding Hainan's distinctive new quality productive forces. Focusing on strategic emerging industries such as aerospace, high-end equipment manufacturing, new energy, and new materials, the plan aims to build a high-end equipment manufacturing industry chain for "wind and solar power-hydrogen-ESS" and develop distinctive product chains for green hydrogen-ammonia-methanol. Full text follows: Notice of the People's Government of Hainan Province on Printing and Distributing the Hainan Low-Carbon Island Construction Plan Qiongfu [2025] No. 37 To: People's governments of cities, counties, and autonomous counties, and departments directly under the provincial government: The Hainan Low-Carbon Island Construction Plan has been approved by the Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government, and is hereby issued to you. Please implement it conscientiously in light of actual conditions. People's Government of Hainan Province July 3, 2025 (This document has been abridged) Hainan Low-Carbon Island Construction Plan To implement the Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and State Council on Accelerating Comprehensive Green Transformation of Economic and Social Development (Zhongfa [2024] No. 13) and the work deployment of the Sixth Plenary Session of the Eighth Hainan Provincial Party Committee on comprehensively planning the construction of a low-carbon island, and to accelerate green, low-carbon, and high-quality development of the Hainan Free Trade Port, this plan is formulated. I. General Requirements Guided by Xi Jinping's Ecological Civilization Thought, the plan implements the spirit of the 20th CPC National Congress and the Second and Third Plenary Sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee, as well as General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speeches and instructions on Hainan's work. It carries out the major strategic deployments of the CPC Central Committee and State Council regarding the "dual carbon" goals, centering on Hainan Free Trade Port's strategic positioning as "three zones and one center." Adhering to the principle of "pursuing strength through green development," the plan aims to build Hainan into a window showcasing China's advanced concepts, technologies, and practical achievements in low-carbon development to the world. By 2030, the province will achieve carbon peak, and its economic and social development will rapidly progress towards a low-carbon direction. By 2045, it will fully establish a low-carbon island, with annual carbon dioxide emissions reduced by 70% compared to the peak period, and a new-type energy system characterized by zero carbon, high efficiency, intelligence, resilience, and safety will be built. By 2060, the province will achieve carbon neutrality. II. Key Tasks Build a new-type zero-carbon energy system, lay a solid foundation for low-carbon development, and establish six systems: industrial carbon reduction, urban and rural carbon reduction, transportation decarbonization, ecological carbon sequestration, intelligent carbon management, and long-term carbon governance. Adopt a carbon reduction path of "building a foundation - promoting energy conservation - producing green energy - storing green energy - self-circulation - carbon absorption - intelligent management." (1) Energy Low-Carbonization: Create a New Foundation for Low-Carbon Development. 1. Develop zero-carbon resources and build a new-type zero-carbon energy supply system. Construct a zero-carbon power system, ensuring the completion and operation of the second phase of the Changjiang Nuclear Power Plant, accelerating the construction of Units 5 and 6 of the Changjiang Nuclear Power Plant, and initiating the construction of the Yangpu Green Energy Project. Implement distributed PV construction in buildings and reasonably plan centralized PV power stations. Actively develop offshore wind power. Promote the transformation of gas-fired power for peak shaving and facilitate the timely retirement and emergency backup of coal-fired units. Build an industrial zero-carbon heating system, promoting nuclear power waste heat for heating, exploring high-temperature gas-cooled reactor heating technology, and applying zero-carbon heating methods such as waste incineration and industrial air-source heat pumps. By 2030, the zero-carbon energy supply system will begin to take shape. By 2045, the zero-carbon energy supply system will be fully established. 2. Promote electricity substitution and build a highly flexible electricity consumption system. Expand electricity substitution in industrial, construction, transportation, and agricultural end-use sectors to enhance the flexibility of power loads. Improve the capacity for green electricity consumption, develop green electricity direct supply models such as green electricity direct connection and new energy local access to incremental distribution networks according to local conditions, achieve traceability and accountability of green electricity, and enhance the low-carbon competitiveness of export products. Promote the integrated construction of "generation-grid-load-storage" in the power sector to facilitate self-balance of electricity in local areas. By 2030, significant achievements will be made in electricity substitution in end-use sectors, with the demand-side response capacity of electricity reaching 5% of the annual maximum power load. By 2045, except for industry and inter-provincial transportation, the end-use sectors will achieve 100% electrification, and the demand-side response capacity of electricity will reach 15% of the annual maximum power load. 3. Strengthen coordinated dispatching and build a safe and resilient energy security system. Enhance the coordinated and optimized operation capacity of power supplies, improve the safety of new energy power supply, orderly develop new-type energy storage technologies, strengthen emergency backup capacity construction, and establish an energy safety supervision system. We will promote the upgrading of power grids, optimize the grid structure, and form a flexible backbone grid for development. We will rationally allocate the capacity of distribution points and enhance the carrying capacity and flexibility of distribution grids. We will develop intelligent microgrids to achieve compatibility and complementarity with the main grid, promote the intelligent upgrading of power grids, and accelerate the integrated construction of "cloud computing, big data, IoT, mobile communication, AI, blockchain, and edge computing". By 2030, we will initially form a new type of power regulation network adapted to the large-scale absorption of new energy. By 2045, we will fully establish a flexible, intelligent, and secure energy supply system. (II) Decarbonizing industries and shaping a new low-carbon economic chain. 4. Empowering through science and technology to create a high ground for low-carbon industrial innovation. We will drive innovation through application and establish multi-level platforms for low-carbon technological innovation and application. We will carry out research and development, as well as promotion, of core low-carbon technologies, and advance research on low-carbon energy absorption technologies such as efficient solar cells, electrochemical energy storage systems (ESS), and green hydrogen-to-methanol conversion. We will accelerate the innovation of CCUS technologies such as new carbon capture materials, CO₂-enhanced oil recovery, and subsea storage, and forge new competitive advantages in green and low-carbon industries. Focusing on green and low-carbon, bio-manufacturing, new materials, future energy, and other fields, we will promote the construction of a number of demonstration projects for advanced green and low-carbon technologies, and promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation with industrial innovation. By 2030, a system of platforms for low-carbon technological innovation and application will be basically established. By 2045, key low-carbon technologies in areas such as advanced demonstration of non-fossil energy, clean and efficient utilization of fossil energy, advanced power grid construction, and CCUS will be fully promoted. 5. Pursuing quality through innovation to promote the development of emerging low-carbon industries. We will accelerate the integrated development of intelligent manufacturing with green and low-carbon practices, and cultivate and expand new quality productive forces with Hainan characteristics. Focusing on strategic emerging industries such as aerospace, high-end equipment manufacturing, new energy, and new materials, we will build a high-end equipment manufacturing industry chain for "wind and solar power, hydrogen, and energy storage", and develop a characteristic product chain for green hydrogen, ammonia, and methanol. We will cultivate the "rocket chain, satellite chain, data chain", and the "aerospace+" industrial system. We will seize the commanding heights of the digital economy and strengthen the integrated innovation of AI with "land, sea, and air" technologies. We will establish an "ecotourism+" system based on national parks and promote the realization of the value of ecological products in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. We will promote the extension of producer services such as modern logistics, medical and health, and modern finance towards low-carbonization, specialization, and high-end value chains. 6. Enhancing carbon efficiency and accelerating the low-carbon transformation of traditional industries. We will promote the application of advanced energy-saving and carbon-reducing equipment in traditional industries such as petrochemicals, building materials, papermaking, and mining, and carry out demonstration projects for electrification transformation, coupling with new energy, and flexible electricity utilization for high-energy-consuming industrial loads. We will accelerate the low-carbon transformation of industrial parks and carry out the construction of zero-carbon parks. We will carry out green and intelligent integration and upgrading projects for the petrochemical and chemical industries using "5G + industrial internet", and implement "intelligent transformation, digital transformation, and network connection" projects. We will promote green exploration and the construction of green and smart mines. By 2030, 60% of the province's industrial enterprises above designated size will have completed the coordinated digital and green transformation. By 2045, the annual carbon dioxide emissions per unit of industrial added value will have decreased by 65% compared to the peak period. 7. Promote circular carbon reduction and unblock the resource recycling chain. We will drive the large-scale circulation of resources across the industrial chain, promote cutting-edge technologies for low-carbon cement production and biomass chemical engineering, drive the large-scale and clustered development of the fully biodegradable industry, and build a national-level fully biodegradable industry base. We will carry out innovative demonstrations for the recycling and circular utilization of new types of waste, such as retired power batteries, PV modules, and wind turbine blades, promote efficient biological treatment technologies for agricultural and forestry organic waste, and create a new-type ecological circular industry chain. We will increase the promotion and application of bio-based materials and products in industries such as packaging, textiles, and construction. We will promote the enterprise-level micro-circulation, promote centralized heating in industrial parks, and realize the resourceful utilization of industrial residual pressure, residual heat, waste water, waste gas, and waste liquid. By 2030, the comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid waste in the province will exceed 87%, and the recycling rate of major types of renewable resources will exceed 88%. (III) Carbon reduction in urban and rural areas to create a new green living environment. 8. Build cool cities and promote the low-carbon and livable transformation of urban spaces. We will optimize the urban ecological cold source and ventilation corridor systems. We will plan and construct cool residential communities, cool commercial districts, cool open green spaces, and cool green transportation. We will integrate various environmental cooling technologies to achieve the application and promotion of classified systems. By 2030, a batch of demonstration projects for cool cities will be completed. By 2045, the province will promote the planning, construction, and management models of cool cities. 9. Create low-carbon villages and promote clean energy use in rural areas. In conjunction with rural construction initiatives, we will promote a new type of rural household energy system characterized by "self-generation and self-use, mutual assistance with surplus electricity, and agricultural machinery energy storage". We will implement classified collection of organic waste such as crop straws, livestock and poultry manure, and agricultural films, and explore small-scale and decentralized village-level organic waste resourceful treatment and application models. By 2030, a batch of pilot village-level new energy systems will be established in the province, along with village-level organic waste resourceful treatment facilities. By 2045, the new rural energy system will achieve full coverage. 10. Promote zero-carbon buildings and create a new model for tropical building development. We will enhance the low-carbon design and construction standards for new buildings, carry out energy-saving and carbon-reduction retrofitting of existing buildings, and promote the construction of a self-supply system for clean energy in buildings. We will promote flexible electricity use and achieve full electrification of building energy consumption. We will apply technologies such as centralized cooling for building complexes, air-source heat pumps, and fresh air heat recovery according to local conditions to reduce the operating costs and carbon emissions of building cooling and heating. By 2030, the energy conservation rate of newly-built public buildings in the province will reach 78%, and that of newly-built residential buildings will reach 75%. Comprehensive electrification of facilities and equipment will be promoted on a pilot basis in the green and low-carbon transformation of existing buildings. By 2045, facilities and equipment in newly-built and existing building green and low-carbon transformation projects will be fully electrified. 11. Develop new-type municipal services to support the circular and low-carbon transformation of cities. Establish a low-carbon sewage collection and treatment system, promote the integrated operation of "source, network, plant, and river", improve the recycling rate of domestic sewage, and encourage the resourceful recycling of sludge. Build a comprehensive system for the classified disposal, collection, transportation, and treatment of domestic waste and construction waste, and upgrade and renovate domestic waste incineration facilities. By 2030, the collection rate of domestic sewage in urban areas of the province will reach 75%, the recycling rate of domestic waste will reach 40%, and the resourceful recycling rate of domestic waste will reach 65%. By 2045, the collection rate of domestic sewage in urban areas will be further improved, and the recycling rate of domestic waste will reach 50%. (IV) Decarbonize transportation and build a new transportation system. 12. Promote the "dual transformation" to advance the clean transformation of transportation energy and the low-carbon transformation of equipment. Promote the clean energy use in automobiles, upgrade railway equipment, and convert ships from oil to natural gas, promote the development of alternative energy sources for shipping, promote the use of new energy in non-road mobile machinery and equipment, implement shore power transformation actions at airports such as Haikou and Sanya, separately account for and manage Hainan's international aviation and maritime fuels, and steadily increase the application ratio of sustainable aviation and maritime fuels. By 2030, the proportion of newly-added clean energy vehicles (except for special purposes) in the province's public services and social operations will reach 100%, and the proportion of newly-added and replaced NEVs in the private vehicle sector will reach 100%. By 2045, all types of vehicles will be fully electrified, and the proportion of natural gas-powered ships and the blending ratio of sustainable aviation fuels will continue to increase. 13. Improve the large-scale system and build an efficient freight transportation structure and travel system. Expand multimodal transportation modes such as road-rail, road-water, and air-land, implement low-carbon upgrades to the logistics system, and build an efficient collection, distribution, and transportation system for ports, logistics parks, and large industrial and mining enterprises. Promote the construction of railway branch lines at Yangpu Port and Macun Port, and develop intermodal passenger transportation services such as air-rail and sea-rail within and outside the island. By 2030, the proportion of green transportation travel in cities will reach 75%. By 2045, the proportion of green transportation travel in cities will reach 85%. 14. Build a new network and accelerate the construction of new energy supporting facilities and intelligent transportation systems. Promote the "integration of transportation and energy" and build intelligent charging and battery swapping infrastructure. Promote the construction of vehicle networking, vehicle-grid interaction, and integrated PV+ESS+charging and battery swapping stations, and create low-carbon transportation scenarios such as low-carbon port areas, low-carbon airports, green highways, and green shipping demonstration zones. We will promote the construction of a comprehensive big data center for transportation across the province, achieving interconnection and interoperability between the island-wide charging and battery swapping network platform and charging and battery swapping facilities. By 2030, the ratio of new energy vehicles to charging piles across the province will be 2.5:1, and comprehensive big data for transportation across the province will be collaboratively shared. By 2045, the ratio of new energy vehicles to charging piles will be 2:1, and the digitalization rate of transportation infrastructure will reach 100%. (V) Ecological carbon sequestration: exploring new potential for carbon sinks on land and at sea. 15. Aggregating green resources to enhance forest carbon sink capacity. Strengthening land use regulation and baseline constraints, and establishing a terrestrial ecological spatial pattern of "one park, two belts, and multiple points". Building a "green and beautiful free trade port", carrying out actions to expand, protect, and enhance green spaces, and increasing forest carbon storage across the province. By 2030, the forest stock volume across the province will be approximately 183 million m³. By 2045, the forest stock volume will be approximately 195 million m³. 16. Tapping into blue potential to create a model for increasing marine carbon sinks. Strengthening basic research on carbon sinks in marine ecosystems, promoting technologies for ecological carbon sequestration and restoration in marine environments, systematically restoring blue carbon systems such as mangroves, coral reefs, and seagrass beds, advancing the construction of marine ranches, and enhancing the carbon sink capacity of fisheries. By 2030, the mangrove area across the province will be approximately 119,000 mu. By 2045, the contribution of marine blue carbon will significantly increase. 17. Strengthening agricultural carbon sequestration to promote low-carbon agricultural development. Promoting technologies such as returning straw to fields and green manure planting to increase soil organic carbon storage and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields. Developing a composite system of "agriculture + new energy", promoting the integration of crop farming and livestock breeding, as well as agriculture and forestry, and establishing an ecological agricultural recycling model. By 2030, the comprehensive utilization rate of straw across the province will reach 90%, and the construction of carbon sink-enhancing farmland will achieve remarkable results. By 2045, a replicable technical system for carbon sequestration in tropical agriculture will be formed. 18. Exploring geological carbon sequestration to enhance carbon storage capacity. Strengthening research on the potential for carbon sequestration in offshore and onshore oil and gas basins, as well as the mineralization and sequestration of carbon dioxide in basalt, and conducting geological carbon sequestration demonstrations under technically feasible conditions to expand carbon storage space. (VI) Smart carbon management: establishing a new network for carbon-related IoT. 19. Strengthening carbon management to support carbon services. Centering on the integrated management of energy and carbon emissions, establishing three basic databases for carbon-related spaces, carbon emission factors, and carbon footprint factors, constructing a multi-level linked "energy-electricity-carbon" smart management system at the provincial, municipal, park, and key enterprise levels, creating a multi-dimensional architecture of "cloud, management, edge, and terminal" for carbon emission monitoring IoT perception networks, and building a comprehensive carbon management service system centered on regional carbon assessments, industry carbon controls, enterprise carbon management, project carbon evaluations, and product carbon footprints to achieve precise monitoring, management, and data asset application of energy consumption and carbon emissions across the province. By 2030, a smart management system and an IoT-based carbon emission monitoring network will be initially established. By 2045, a comprehensive carbon management service system with full coverage will be established. (VII) Long-term carbon governance and exploration of new policy mechanisms for safeguards. 20. Improve new mechanisms to support the construction of a new-type power system. Deepen the market-oriented reform of on-grid tariffs for new energy. Improve the power market trading system, accelerate the construction of the spot electricity market, and promote the participation of zero-carbon electricity in power market trading. Explore and establish new power operation and investment and financing models to support the innovative development of new-type business entities in the power sector. Establish a vehicle-grid interaction policy mechanism. Improve the trading mechanism for green electricity and green electricity certificates, and accelerate market-oriented innovation for green and low-carbon development. By 2030, a policy system for the high-quality development of a new-type power system will be basically formed. By 2045, a comprehensive institutional mechanism for a new-type power market will be established. 21. Improve carbon standards and promote the standardization of low-carbon island construction. Establish a carbon emission quantification management mechanism, improve the product carbon footprint management system, corporate ESG evaluation standards, and disclosure system to achieve measurable, reportable, and verifiable carbon reduction results. By 2030, a number of high-quality enterprises will have completed low-carbon product certification and ESG certification. By 2045, a relevant carbon emission standard system will be established and improved. 22. Strengthen carbon cooperation and build an international low-carbon exchange platform. Strengthen cooperation with countries along the "Belt and Road," ASEAN, and other multilateral countries to promote exchanges in green energy, technology, investment and financing, trade, and other fields, and build an international low-carbon exchange and cooperation platform. Establish the Hainan International Blue Carbon Research Center and the Hainan International Carbon Emission Rights Trading Center to high standards, and promote the international mutual recognition of carbon standards. By 2030, several international conferences on climate change, green development, and technology exchange will be held. By 2045, a green development alliance for the Hainan Free Trade Port will be established, and a stable cooperation mechanism will be formed. III. Implementation The Provincial Development and Reform Commission should coordinate the overall work, and relevant provincial departments should strengthen collaboration, enhance industry guidance. People's governments at the city and county levels should effectively implement low-carbon construction in their respective regions. Continuously upgrade the project library for green and low-carbon transformation, and actively seek funding support from central budgets, ultra-long-term special treasury bonds, local government special bonds {{referring specifically to China}}, and other sources to support low-carbon projects. Implement relevant national policies and strengthen fiscal, tax, financial, investment, pricing, and other policy support for the construction of Hainan's low-carbon island in accordance with laws and regulations. Source: Hainan Provincial People's Government