South Korea’s Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport announced that it will pre-announce amendments to the Enforcement Decree and related regulations of the Automobile Management Act to enhance safety management of batteries used in electric vehicles. The revisions include expanded information disclosure and stricter criteria for certification revocation. Under the new rules, consumers will be able to access more detailed information when purchasing EVs, including the battery’s country of origin, manufacturer, and production date.

According to customs data, the total import volume of lithium spodumene in China from January to February 2026 was approximately 1.39 million physical tonnes: January imports reached 832,000 physical tonnes, up nearly 6% month-on-month and 41% year-on-year, equivalent to about 84,000 tonnes of lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE); February imports stood at 558,000 physical tonnes, down 33% month-on-month and approximately 2% year-on-year, equivalent to about 50,000 tonnes of LCE. Overall, the arrival volume in January reached an exceptionally high level, mainly due to the tight supply of lithium salts in the fourth quarter of 2025, which drove strong production enthusiasm among domestic lithium spodumene smelters and consequently led to a high demand for lithium ore. In February, arrivals declined due to the Chinese New Year holiday and potential vessel delays. By country of origin, Australia saw a 17% month-on-month recovery in January arrivals, significantly rebounding, supported by improved shipments from November to December 2025. However, after entering January, at the beginning of the quarter, Australian miners adopted a wait-and-see attitude toward lithium prices for the new year, leading to lower shipments. Combined with the Chinese New Year factor in February, arrivals in February decreased by 23% month-on-month. Zimbabwe entered the rainy season after October last year, resulting in a slight decline in concentrate output. Coupled with adjustments to export tax rates and the accounting period at the beginning of the year, arrivals fell by 35% and 18% month-on-month in January and February, respectively. Nigeria has seen a continuous rise in arrivals since June 2025, maintaining high levels. South Africa performed notably well, with arrivals remaining above 100,000 physical tonnes for three consecutive months from December 2025 to February 2026. In contrast, Brazil saw persistently low arrivals in January and February this year, as certain mines had not yet resumed production from October to December last year. Additionally, according to screening and analysis using the SMM model, lithium spodumene imports in January corresponded to approximately 84,000 tonnes of LCE, with lithium concentrate amounting to 636,000 physical tonnes, accounting for 76%. In February, lithium spodumene imports corresponded to 50,000 tonnes of LCE, with lithium concentrate amounting to 438,000 physical tonnes, accounting for 79%.

On February 3, 2026, the United States and India formally signed a bilateral trade agreement, reaching a significant consensus on tariff arrangements for Indian goods exported to the US market. Under the terms of the agreement, the reciprocal tariff rate applicable to Indian goods (including solar modules and energy storage components) was reduced from 25% to 18%.

[Imports of Recycled Copper Raw Materials by Country of Origin] From the perspective of source country structure, the trend of diversification in China's imports of recycled copper raw materials has further strengthened. Japan remained the largest supplier, exporting 33,200 mt to China in October. Although this represented a slight decrease of 0.86% MoM, it marked a significant increase of 45.91% YoY, accounting for 16.89% of total imports. Thailand, as the second-largest source country, recorded imports of 31,000 mt in physical content in October, representing a share of 15.79%. This was an increase of 3% MoM and a sharp rise of 92.18% YoY, indicating a notable growth trend.

SMM Oct. 17: Recently, the operating rate of secondary lead smelters increased significantly, leading to a corresponding rise in raw material procurement demand. Against this backdrop, some smelters in east China, southwest, and northwest China raised their purchase quotations for scrap batteries. The overall willingness of recyclers to sell was moderate, but a few recyclers, due to limited inventory on hand, chose to hold back cargoes and wait for market developments. Currently, the mainstream tax-included purchase price of scrap batteries by secondary lead smelters was 9,950-10,100 yuan/mt, while the purchase price in remote areas was below 9,900 yuan/mt. As the digestion rate of smelters' raw material inventory accelerated, scrap battery prices still had room to rise subsequently. However, as lead prices struggled to rise and showed a rangebound fluctuation trend, smelters were reluctant to significantly raise purchase prices, which limited the extent and speed of scrap battery price increases to some extent. The supply of domestic secondary crude lead remained tight. Smelters in regions such as Hebei and Henan reported very low trading volume of domestic secondary crude lead in the past two weeks. As of Oct. 17, 2025, the mainstream ex-factory price of secondary crude lead was 15,700-15,850 yuan/mt. The import window for crude lead was open. Depending on factors such as cargo quality, delivery cycle, and country of origin, the delivered price of crude lead was at discounts of 0-200 yuan/mt against the SMM #1 lead average price. 》Order and View SMM Metal Spot Historical Prices

May 27, 2025 News: Today, warrant prices ranged from $90 to $98/mt, with QP June, and the average price increased by $1/mt compared to the previous trading day.

【China's Bauxite Imports in April 2025】 According to the General Administration of Customs of China, China imported 20.684 million mt of bauxite in April 2025, up 25.62% MoM and 45.44% YoY. By country of origin, imports from Guinea reached 16.732 million mt, up 28.72% MoM and 59.62% YoY; imports from Australia were 2.68 million mt, up 5.7% MoM but down 14.41% YoY. The total imports of non-mainstream bauxite amounted to 1.272 million mt.

In early April, the US announced a so-called "reciprocal tariff" policy, imposing at least a 10% tariff on all goods exported to the US and higher rates on countries with the most severe trade imbalances. Among them, China will face a 34% tariff. At the same time, the US imposed a 24%-49% tariff on Southeast Asian countries (such as Vietnam and Thailand), blocking China's traditional strategy of re-exporting through third countries. On April 10, the US government announced that the "reciprocal tariff" rate on Chinese goods exported to the US would be further increased to 125%. Cui Dongshu, Secretary General of the Passenger Vehicle Market Information Association under the China Automobile Dealers Association, stated that the proportion of Chinese cars exported to the US is negligible, especially for domestic brands, and they will not be affected by the US tariff hike. In 2024, only 116,000 units of Chinese cars were exported to the US, accounting for just 1.81% of China's total car exports. Previously, most domestic brand companies in China had already announced their withdrawal from the US market. Although this tariff adjustment has a relatively limited impact on China's vehicle manufacturers, it has become a focal point in the automotive parts sector, where the US is one of the main export destinations. For example, according to data disclosed by the General Administration of Customs, in 2024, the US remained the largest market for China's lithium battery exports, with an export value of $15.315 billion, setting a new record, and accounting for 25% of China's total lithium battery export value, up 4.2 percentage points from 2023. According to a set of data shared by Cui Dongshu recently, since 2020, China's lithium battery exports have performed relatively well, with exports reaching $15.9 billion in 2020, rising to $28.4 billion in 2021 and $50.9 billion in 2022, and reaching an extremely high level of $64.9 billion in 2023, but dropping to $61.1 billion in 2024. In Q1 2024, China's monthly lithium battery exports remained stable at around $5 billion. It can be seen that the US's high tariff policy will bring some pressure to China's new energy battery industry in the short term. However, China controls 80% of the global battery industry chain (from lithium mines to equipment manufacturing). Although Japanese and South Korean battery companies have formed a certain competitive advantage in the US market, they still rely on core materials from China for their factories in the US. In the upstream material field, data from research institution EVTank shows that China's global market share of key battery materials is at a high level and is on the rise; in 2024, the market share of cathode materials reached 89.6%, anode materials 95.9%, electrolytes 91.9%, and separators 79.4%, making it difficult to shake its dominant position in the short term. In the medium and long term, EVTank pointed out that the future international development of China's lithium battery industry will gradually shift from being trade-oriented to local investment and development overseas, and from exports to going global. According to incomplete statistics from Battery Network, in 2024, there were over 279 investment and expansion projects in the new energy battery industry chain, with 229 projects announcing investment amounts, totaling 628.188 billion yuan. Among them, in 2024, domestic battery industry chain companies invested in 27 overseas projects, with 25 projects announcing investment amounts, totaling about 97.031 billion yuan, accounting for 15.45% of the total annual investment. It is worth noting that all 27 overseas projects included in the statistics were invested and constructed by A-share listed companies, covering almost the entire battery industry chain, including batteries, battery raw materials, cathode and anode materials, electrolytes, copper foils, separators, and structural components, except for some auxiliary materials. In terms of overseas destinations, domestic companies mainly focused on locations such as Hungary and Spain in Europe, Morocco in Africa, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia in Southeast Asia, and the US in North America. Currently, the uncertainty caused by the "reciprocal tariff" is still fermenting. According to rough statistics from Battery Network, in April alone, more than 12 listed companies announced new developments in overseas battery and material-related projects, accelerating the construction or advancement of overseas factories or related projects to avoid trade barriers and get closer to market demand. Pulite: HSD's First Overseas Cell Factory Delivered On April 6, Pulite (002324) held a factory delivery ceremony and mechanical and electrical installation project commencement ceremony for its 2.5GWh cylindrical power battery production base project in Malaysia, invested by its subsidiary HSD. HSD's Malaysian factory plans to complete the installation and commissioning of mechanical and electrical engineering and equipment within six months, with production expected to start in Q3 2025. It will then become HSD's first overseas cell factory to achieve mass production. The factory, with a planned investment of 750 million yuan, will mainly produce cylindrical batteries for power tools, smart mobility, and cleaning appliances, with an annual capacity of 2.5GWh. Investment Nears 1 Billion Yuan! EVE's Overseas Factory Receives Approval On the morning of April 8, EVE (300014) announced that its wholly-owned subsidiary, EVE Power Hungary Kft. (referred to as "EVE Hungary"), recently received a building permit decision from the Debrecen City Government in Hungary, allowing EVE Hungary to establish a battery manufacturing plant in Debrecen. EVE stated that receiving the building permit decision will effectively promote the company's construction needs in Hungary and facilitate all parties to fully leverage their resources and advantages, further expanding the production capacity of power and ESS batteries, continuously consolidating and enhancing the company's influence, comprehensive competitiveness, and internationalization level in the new energy industry, and is an important step in the company's efforts to improve its global industrial layout. According to EVE's announcement in June 2023, its wholly-owned subsidiary, EVE Hungary, plans to invest no more than 9.971 billion yuan in the construction of a large cylindrical battery project for passenger vehicles. Annual Capacity of About 200,000 mt! GEM and Korea's ECOPRO Plan to Jointly Build Cathode Material Plant On April 11, GEM (002340) announced that it had signed a strategic cooperation agreement with Korea's ECOPRO and its subsidiary ECOPRO BM to build a "nickel resource - new energy materials" industry chain. Both parties will jointly develop the IGIP park in Indonesia and implement the IGIP project, covering the core supply chain of secondary battery materials, including nickel resources, precursors, and cathode materials. ECOPRO will participate in the infrastructure service company with a stake of no more than 20%. GEM and ECOPRO will also jointly invest in a laterite nickel ore high-pressure leaching project and establish a joint venture to build a cathode material plant with an annual capacity of about 200,000 mt. This strategic cooperation aims to enhance GEM's core position in the global high-nickel precursor manufacturing field, promote the company's future performance growth, and align with the company's long-term development strategy and the interests of its investors. CATL: German Factory Now Profitable On the evening of April 14, CATL (300750) released its Q1 financial report. During the earnings briefing, CATL stated that in terms of the profitability of overseas factories, the company's power battery sales in the European market achieved YoY growth in Q1. The company's market share in the European power battery market increased from 17% in 2021 to 38% in 2024, ranking first, and the market share has continued to increase this year, widening the gap with the second place. The company's German factory has started to make a profit. Two Listed Companies to Build Two Lithium Battery Factories in the US According to news from CBAT, on April 14, CBAT and KNDI reached a strategic cooperation to plan and construct two lithium battery production bases in the US in phases. Currently, CBAT and KNDI are evaluating site selection options: the first phase will prioritize the construction of a battery pack assembly factory, and subsequent cell manufacturing projects will be advanced based on market conditions. The two projects will be established as joint ventures with differentiated equity structures. About 5 Billion Yuan! Shenzhen Senior Technology Material's First ASEAN Lithium Battery Separator Factory to Open Soon According to Shenzhen Senior Technology Material (300568), on April 16, President Xi Jinping, at the invitation of the Supreme Head of State of Malaysia, Ibrahim Iskandar, paid a state visit to Malaysia. As a representative of local Chinese new energy enterprises, Chen Xiufeng, Chairman of Shenzhen Senior Technology Material, was invited to attend the state ceremony at the Malaysian National Palace and the welcome luncheon. Shenzhen Senior Technology Material announced that it plans to invest about 5 billion yuan to build a high-performance lithium-ion battery separator production base in Penang, Malaysia. Upon completion, it will have a production capacity of 100 million m² of wet-process separators and coated separators. It is reported that this base will be the first lithium battery separator factory in the ASEAN region and is expected to start production in mid-2025. Annual Production of 200,000 mt Electrolyte! Tinci Responds to Progress of US Project On April 16, Tinci (002709) responded to the progress of its US project during an institutional survey. In January 2025, the company signed a cooperation agreement with Honeywell to jointly establish a joint venture, aiming to accelerate the large-scale production of electrolytes and LiPF6 in the North American market. Both parties will jointly invest in the construction of electrolyte and LiPF6 projects, which are currently in the preliminary preparation stage. Tinci stated that the Texas Tinci project, which plans to build an annual production capacity of 200,000 mt of electrolytes, has completed land acquisition and is currently advancing factory design and related environmental assessment procedures. Shanshan Technology and Falcon Jointly Develop Natural Graphite Anode Material Project On April 16, according to "Shanshan News," recently, Shanshan Technology, a subsidiary of Shanshan Co., Ltd. (600884), and Falcon Energy Materials plc. signed a strategic cooperation agreement. Both parties will rely on the Moroccan production base to jointly develop a natural graphite anode material project, accelerating the innovation and upgrade of the global new energy material supply chain. According to the plan, both parties aim to achieve large-scale trial production of natural graphite at the Moroccan base in H2 2025, quickly responding to the global market demand for high-performance anode materials. Chuanjinuo: Plans to Invest 1.934 Billion Yuan in Phosphate Chemical Project in Egypt On the evening of April 17, Chuanjinuo (300505) announced that it plans to build a project in Egypt with an annual production capacity of 800,000 mt of sulfuric acid, 300,000 mt of industrial wet-process crude phosphoric acid, 150,000 mt of 52% phosphoric acid, 300,000 mt of monoammonium phosphate, and 20,000 mt of sodium fluosilicate. The total investment in the project is 1.934 billion yuan, with 1.609 billion yuan for fixed assets and 325 million yuan for working capital, funded by corporate self-raising and bank loans. EVE: Malaysian ESS Factory Expected to Start Mass Production Early Next Year On the evening of April 17, EVE (300014) released its 2024 annual report. The report shows that in 2024, EVE's Malaysian factory ESS project is proceeding as planned, with mass production expected to start in early 2026, supporting global deliveries. Additionally, in the small cylindrical battery segment, the construction of EVE's small cylindrical battery factory in Malaysia is progressing smoothly, with production expected to start in early 2025, further meeting customer demand. Tengyuan Cobalt Plans to Invest Nearly 1 Billion Yuan to Build Copper and Cobalt Smelter in DRC On April 21, Tengyuan Cobalt (301219) announced that to further secure the supply of raw materials for domestic cobalt smelters after the company's expansion and to support its 2022-2026 development plan, the company plans to purchase new land in the DRC to build a hydrometallurgy plant with an annual production capacity of 30,000 mt of copper and 2,000 mt of cobalt. The project investment is 980 million yuan (approximately $136 million), with a construction period of 18 months. ... EVTank reminded that in the face of complex global geopolitics and trade environments, especially the "competitive cooperation" between China and Europe and the "competitive game" between China and the US in the medium and long term, the global expansion of China's battery industry is "going against the wind" and will face more challenges. "Building factories in the US is fraught with difficulties. It is possible to establish factories in other overseas markets, such as building regional supply chains in Southeast Asia (Vietnam, Indonesia) and other regions, utilizing local resources (nickel, cobalt) and low-cost labor to disperse tariff pressures. However, the US 'country of origin principle' restricts the export of Chinese-funded overseas factories. In the medium and long term, it is necessary to be vigilant against the systemic risks brought about by the repeated changes in US policies and the restructuring of the global industry chain." Yu Qingjiao, Secretary General of the Zhongguancun New-type Battery Technology Innovation Alliance, also stated that the geopolitical risks in the US market are too high, and power battery enterprises basically do not consider building factories in the US. To hedge against the impact of high US tariffs, strategies such as technology licensing models, FOB models to transfer tariffs, and expanding emerging markets are mainly used to gradually turn challenges into opportunities to consolidate global leadership.

In March 2025, China's refined lead exports declined by 66.57% month-on-month and 34.38% year-on-year, while combined imports of refined lead and lead products surged by 197.96% year-on-year. Due to tight raw material supply and high prices, domestic lead costs are relatively high. In particular, the firm prices of metals such as antimony and tin have directly led to an increase in lead alloy prices. Recently, domestic lead ingot and lead product exports have been at a disadvantage.

According to SMM data, China's primary aluminum imports in December 2024 were approximately 161,400 mt, up 7.1% MoM and down 7.8% YoY. According to customs data, China's primary aluminum imports in December 2024 were approximately 161,400 mt, up 7.1% MoM and down 7.8% YoY.