This week (July 27 – July 30), the weekly average price range for Yangshan copper premiums B/L transactions was $104–$110/mt, QP August, with an average price of $107/mt; the weekly average price range for warrant transactions was $108–$117/mt, QP August, with an average price of $112/mt; EQ copper CIF B/L was $70–$80/mt, QP August, with an average price of $75/mt. As of July 30, the SHFE/LME copper price ratio for the SHFE copper 2608 contract after excluding exchange rates was 1.1345, with an import loss of approximately 528 yuan/mt, which was a narrowing of roughly 107 yuan/mt from the previous week. As of Thursday, the LME copper backwardation structure for the August date widened WoW, with the spread between the August date and the September date at -$12.94/mt. Currently, mainstream offers for ER copper B/L are around $115–$120/mt; mainstream offers for registered copper warrants are around $120–$125/mt; mainstream offers for CIF B/L EQ copper are around $75–$85/mt. This week, Yangshan copper premiums maintained a relatively stable trend. As expectations of tight available spot supply began to weaken, premiums lacked further upward momentum. However, influenced by the persistently unfavorable SHFE/LME price ratio, mediocre downstream consumption demand, and a widened backwardation structure in near-term LME contracts, seller offers increased, yet downstream buyers remained cautious at high prices and stayed on the sidelines. Both parties held divergent positions, leading to a further stalemate throughout the week, resulting in sluggish actual transactions. According to SMM, as of Thursday this week (July 30), China's bonded zone copper inventories decreased by approximately 100 mt MoM from the previous period (July 23) to 37,100 mt. Among these, Shanghai bonded inventories increased by 100 mt MoM to 33,400 mt, and Guangdong bonded inventories decreased by 200 mt MoM to 3,700 mt. Bonded zone inventory showed minimal destocking changes, with both warehouse inflows and warehouse withdrawals remaining low during the week. Looking ahead, overall market supply will remain constrained due to the sustained siphoning effect from North America. However, the market situation is expected to tighten further entering August. Cargoes previously canceled from LME Asian warehouses and shipped to China will arrive at ports in batches gradually during August. If consumption fails to show a significant improvement, the import SHFE/LME price ratio will struggle to rebound, and short-term supply growth could impact spot premiums.

[SMM Analysis] Sulphuric Acid: A Key Variable Reshaping Copper Pricing Logic

SMM May 7: Metals market: As of the midday close, base metals in the domestic market showed mixed performance. SHFE copper rose 0.43%, SHFE aluminum fell 1.76%, SHFE lead fell 0.36%, SHFE zinc rose 0.41%, SHFE tin rose 3.16%, and SHFE nickel fell 3.33%. In addition, the most-traded casting aluminum futures fell 1.85%, the most-traded alumina contract rose 0.49%, the most-traded lithium carbonate contract rose 0.08%, the most-traded silicon metal contract rose 2.03%, and the most-traded polysilicon futures rose 4.79%. Ferrous metals showed mixed performance. Iron ore rose 0.55%, rebar rose 0.68%, hot-rolled coil rose 0.29%, and stainless steel fell 1.12%. Coking coal and coke: the most-traded coking coal contract fell 1.22%, and the most-traded coke contract fell 1.2%. Overseas base metals, as of 11:41, LME metals mostly fell. LME copper fell 0.22%, LME aluminum fell 1.16%, LME lead rose 0.23%, LME zinc fell 0.29%, LME tin fell 1.71%, and LME nickel fell 0.13%. Precious metals, as of 11:41, COMEX gold rose 0.39% and COMEX silver rose 1.35%. Domestic precious metals: the most-traded SHFE gold contract rose 1.11%, and the most-traded SHFE silver contract rose 3.43%. In addition, as of the midday close, the most-traded platinum futures rose 3.21%, and the most-traded palladium futures rose 1.71%. As of the midday close, the most-traded Europe containerized freight index contract fell 3.35%, closing at 2,355.5 points. As of 11:41 on May 7, midday futures quotes for selected contracts: Spot cargo and fundamentals Nickel: On May 7, SMM #1 refined nickel prices fell 5,050 yuan/mt from the previous trading day. Spot premiums: Jinchuan #1 refined nickel averaged 1,150 yuan/mt, down 100 yuan/mt from the previous trading day... Macro front China: [PBOC reverse repo operations resulted in a net drain of 99.2 billion yuan for the day] The PBOC conducted 27 billion yuan of 7-day reverse repo operations today. As 126.2 billion yuan of 7-day reverse repos matured today, a net drain of 99.2 billion yuan was achieved for the day. [HKEX CEO: LME warehouses in Hong Kong nearing full capacity] HKEX CEO Bonnie Y. Chan said that the storage capacity of a series of LME-approved warehouses in Hong Kong was nearing saturation. The LME began approving metal warehouses in Hong Kong last year. Speaking at a seminar during LME Asia Week in Hong Kong, Chan said the LME currently had 15 warehouses in Hong Kong, compared with just 4 a year ago. She called this an important milestone in establishing physical market connectivity. LME and Hong Kong Exchanges will explore more collaborative projects, including futures and RMB-denominated products, to build a comprehensive commodities ecosystem in Asia. (Jin10 Data) US dollar: As of 11:41, the US dollar index fell 0.01% to 98.01. Chicago Fed President Goolsbee said on Wednesday that the war with Iran increasingly appeared to be an inflationary shock to the economy. Although the impact on employment and economic growth was not yet evident, concerns about supply chain disruptions and sustained price increases were intensifying. "This is not yet a 'stagflation' shock," meaning the kind that hits the job market while pushing up inflation and forces the US Fed to decide which of its policy objectives faces greater risk, Goolsbee said after attending the Milken Institute conference in Los Angeles. "This is just an inflation shock. And the longer this persists, the more uneasy I become." According to CME "FedWatch": the probability of the US Fed keeping rates unchanged through June was 93.5%, with a cumulative 25-basis-point interest rate cut probability of 6.5%. The probability of the US Fed keeping rates unchanged through July was 86.5%, with cumulative probabilities of a 25-basis-point cut at 13.0% and a 50-basis-point cut at 0.5%. (Jin10 Data) Other currencies: On the first day of resumed trading in the Japanese market, the yen broadly stabilized against other G10 currencies and Asian currencies. However, analysts noted that the yen's downside room against the US dollar is likely to be limited due to potential foreign exchange intervention by Japanese authorities. Analysts at Maybank stated in a foreign exchange research report that the unpredictability of Japanese authorities' actions would limit the upside room for USD/JPY in the short term. Given that three suspected interventions have already occurred after the currency pair breached the 157.00 level, the market is now increasingly wary of pushing the dollar above that level. (Jin10 Data) Data: China's April foreign exchange reserves (TBD), US April Challenger enterprise layoffs, US initial jobless claims for the week ending May 2, US March construction spending MoM, US April New York Fed 1-year inflation expectations, Eurozone March retail sales MoM, France March trade balance, and Switzerland April seasonally adjusted unemployment rate are scheduled for release today. In addition, 2027 FOMC voter and Chicago Fed President Goolsbee will participate in a panel discussion at a conference. Crude oil: As of 11:41, oil prices in both markets rose, with WTI up 0.86% and Brent up 0.87%. The market weighed the prospects of a Middle East peace agreement. A decline in US crude oil inventory last week supported oil prices. US EIA Cushing, Oklahoma crude oil inventory for the week ending May 1 was -648,000 barrels, compared to the previous value of -796,000 barrels. US EIA crude oil inventory for the week ending May 1 was -2.313 million barrels, versus expectations of -3.291 million barrels and a previous value of -6.234 million barrels. US EIA Strategic Petroleum Reserve inventory for the week ending May 1 was -5.224 million barrels, compared to the previous value of -7.121 million barrels. According to federal data released Wednesday, US energy inventories continued to decline rapidly due to supply shocks caused by the Middle East war, highlighting the tightening supply problem as the energy crisis continued to spread. According to data from the US Energy Information Administration (EIA), refined product inventories, including diesel, plunged by 1.3 million barrels last week to the lowest level since April 2003. These inventories are currently 11% below the five-year seasonal average. Due to refinery shutdowns, diesel prices recently hit record highs in Wisconsin, Illinois, and Michigan. (CNN) According to a person familiar with the matter, the Trump administration is exploring the use of oil resources beneath US military bases and other Department of Defense sites to replenish the nation's dwindling emergency reserves. The source said no decision has been made on this potential move. This comes as the US government has pledged to explore innovative ways to replenish the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which was further depleted during the Iran war. (Jin10 Data) According to a foreign media survey, OPEC's crude oil production fell to a 36-year low last month as the ongoing Iran war continued to obstruct Persian Gulf exports and forced more oil fields to shut down. The survey showed that OPEC's April crude oil production decreased by 420,000 barrels per day to 20.55 million barrels per day, the lowest level since 1990, mainly dragged down by further production declines in Kuwait and Iran. The survey showed that Kuwait saw the largest production drop last month, with daily output falling by 470,000 barrels to 800,000 barrels per day, less than one-third of pre-war levels. The country's exports have fallen to just 22,000 barrels per day. Iran followed, with production declining by 180,000 barrels per day to 3.05 million barrels per day, doubling the cumulative production cuts since the war began. OPEC also suffered another blow last week. The UAE announced its withdrawal from the organization, following years of friction with the group's leader Saudi Arabia over production limits. The April survey still included UAE data, as the UAE's withdrawal did not officially take effect until May 1. (Bloomberg) Spot market overview: ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ►

May 6, 2026: The average warrant price rose by $5/mt from the previous trading day, closing at $69/mt (price range $62-76/mt); the average B/L price rose by $5/mt from the previous trading day, closing at $66/mt (price range $61-73/mt); the average EQ copper (CIF B/L) price rose by $5/mt from the previous trading day, closing at $36/mt (price range $30-42/mt), with quotes referencing cargoes arriving in early to mid-May. The SHFE/LME price ratio remained open after the holiday. As a major industry conference was held in Hong Kong this week, spot trader activity in the market was limited. Most traders in the market chose to import on their own, with a small number of offers rising notably. It was heard that a small volume of ER copper B/L arriving in early May was offered at $75/mt, QP May; EQ B/L arriving in early May was offered at $48/mt, and EQ B/L arriving in mid-May was offered at $50/mt, QP May-June. ER copper warrants for delivery within this week were offered at $80/mt, with no deals heard so far, QP June.

LME Asian session brief: At opening, LME lead 3M showed a trending upward on, with steady buying interest. Prices opened at $1,927–1,928/t, briefly softened, then rose to an intraday high of $1,941.5/t before consolidating around $1,935/t, resist at higher levels, ending up at increase of $9.50. Overall, sentiment was mildly bullish. Highlights of Western Asian and SEA lead-acid battery market: Lead battery market recently has not yet been impacted by shortage of remelted lead, thanks to the safety net of long-term contracts. Current long-term contracts for 99.985 lead priced at a premium of $80-100 over the LME price. As the shortage of remelted lead is expected to gradually tighten in mid-long term, this will be putting pressure on the profit margins of battery companies.

[SMM Analysis:Split in 2026 Domestic and International Copper Cathode Long-Term Contract Negotiations: Can China's Copper Cathode Export Volume Continue Its Success?] From mid-November, the battle over long-term contracts in the copper cathode foreign trade market began. Against the expectation that the US will continue to impose cumulative tariffs on copper cathode next year, major traditional smelting and exporting enterprises have significantly increased their premium quotes for registered brand products (conforming to COMEX delivery standards) to downstream processors or traders in different regions compared to the 2025 premiums. According to SMM, Codelco's long-term contract offer to China is $350 CIF, while its offers to South Korea and Taiwan, China are $330 CIF, and to Europe is $325 CIF. Aurubis's offer to Europe is $315 CIF. Mainland Chinese smelters' offers to Taiwan, China are $150 CIF. Although the long-term contract offers for EQ copper CIF Mainland China are somewhat chaotic, they have still increased significantly compared to this year.

[SMM Analysis:The Cu SHFE/LME ratio may continue to improve in November]

According to customs data, China's total refined-copper imports in August 2025 were 264,300 tonnes, down 10.99% MoM. but up 5.87%YoY. Exports were 36,800 tonnes, down 68.93% MoM and up 19.4% YoY.Overall imports came in below market expectations.

After the tariff shock and global trade adjustments, the copper market remains tight in 2025. Data shows that US refined copper inventories have surged to a 21-year high, following front-loaded imports by traders seeking to avoid potential tariffs and capture inter-market arbitrage.