The CLNB 2025 (10th) New Energy Industry Expo, hosted by SMM, will be grandly held at the Suzhou International Expo Center from April 16 to 18, 2025. During the exhibition, there will be 1 main forum and 10 sub-forums, attended by government leaders, academicians from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, domestic and overseas scientists, foreign guests from dozens of countries, and leading entrepreneurs from various industries. Join us in Suzhou to witness the gathering of industry leaders, discuss core technologies, listen to expert insights, interpret market trends, and focus on key issues. This year's expo covers 6 major exhibition areas, with over 1,300 domestic and overseas exhibitors showcasing the entire industry chain of batteries, including power batteries, consumer batteries, energy storage, raw materials, materials, equipment, battery recycling, as well as new energy vehicles, power tools, electric drives, and the low-altitude economy in the power exhibition area, providing you with a one-stop exhibition experience. Click to fill out the registration form and register immediately to discuss the future development of the new energy industry with industry elites. We look forward to your arrival and joining SMM in opening this grand feast of the new energy industry. At this year's New Energy Industry Expo, Wudi Jinhaibay Lithium Technology Co., Ltd. will make a grand appearance, discussing industry cooperation, sharing development opportunities, and jointly painting a bright future for the new energy industry with peers. Extending the Circular Economy Chain, Building the Capital of Lithium Battery Materials. Wudi Jinhaibay Lithium Technology Co., Ltd., located in the Binzhou Lubei Chemical Industry Park, one of the first batch of chemical industry parks in Shandong Province, is a subsidiary of the state-owned Shandong Lubei Enterprise Group. Established in September 2016, the company covers an area of 115 acres, with fixed assets of 300 million yuan and 260 employees, including a R&D team of over 30 senior engineers and postgraduates. The company's main business is the R&D, production, and sales of battery-grade lithium carbonate. With strong technical capabilities, the company holds multiple national invention patents and utility model patents, including the continuous lithium precipitation process technology for battery-grade lithium carbonate. Supported by the powerful technical backing of the Lubei Lithium Battery Materials Research Institute, the company adopted the mature domestic sulfuric acid production process and resin tower purification technology, investing 300 million yuan to build a 20,000 mt/year lithium carbonate new materials project in March 2018. The first phase of the project was completed and put into production in August 2019. Currently, the company produces 10,000 mt of battery-grade lithium carbonate annually. The company's battery-grade lithium carbonate products, low in sodium and calcium and without EDTA additives, are widely used in lithium-ion battery cathode materials, electrolyte materials, and other industries, with a sales network covering the entire country. The by-product lithium slag is fully utilized by Lubei Group's listed company for the production of sulfuric acid and cement, achieving comprehensive resource utilization and clean production, and becoming an important part of the Lubei circular economy system's new energy chain. In 2022, the company achieved sales revenue of 720 million yuan and profits and taxes of over 90 million yuan. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the company will adhere to the concept of green development, focus on creating new momentum with new materials, form upstream and downstream connections with Lubei Group's existing industries, further extend the Lubei circular economy industry chain, build a high-end new materials industry base in Lubei, and create the capital of lithium battery materials, making positive contributions to regional economic development. Battery-grade lithium carbonate (Li2CO3): Basic information: Battery-grade lithium carbonate is usually a white powdery crystal with a molecular weight of 73.89, a density of 2.11 g/cm³, and a melting point of 732°C, with high purity and good chemical stability. Purity standards: Battery-grade lithium carbonate requires a high lithium carbonate content, generally not less than 99.5%, with strict limits on the content of various impurities. For example, the content of metal impurities such as sodium (Na), potassium (K), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) needs to be controlled at very low levels to ensure its performance and safety in battery applications. Application fields: Lithium-ion battery cathode material production. LCO battery: Lithium cobalt oxide is the earliest commercialized lithium-ion battery cathode material, and battery-grade lithium carbonate is an important raw material for synthesizing lithium cobalt oxide. LCO batteries have high energy density and good charge-discharge performance, widely used in 3C electronic products such as mobile phones and laptops. LFP battery: Rapidly developed in recent years, with advantages such as high safety, long cycle life, and relatively low cost, widely used in electric vehicles, energy storage, and other fields. Battery-grade lithium carbonate is one of the key raw materials for preparing lithium iron phosphate. Ternary material battery: Ternary materials generally refer to lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide or lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, combining the advantages of lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, and lithium manganese oxide, with high energy density and good comprehensive performance, also an important application direction in electric vehicles and other fields, and its production is inseparable from battery-grade lithium carbonate. Lithium-ion battery electrolyte additive: As an electrolyte additive, battery-grade lithium carbonate can improve the ionic conductivity of the battery, enhance the charge-discharge performance, and to some extent improve the safety and service life of the battery. Other application fields: Also has certain applications in industries such as glass, ceramics, and medicine. For example, in glass manufacturing, lithium carbonate can be used as a flux to lower the melting temperature of glass and improve its quality; in the medical field, lithium carbonate can be used to treat mental illnesses. Industrial-grade lithium carbonate (Li2CO3): Basic information: Industrial-grade lithium carbonate is usually a white powdery crystal with a molecular weight of 73.89, a density of 2.11 g/cm³, and a melting point of 720°C. Purity standards: The main component content is between 99.2%-99.5%, but with more impurities compared to battery-grade lithium carbonate. Application fields: Glass and ceramic industry: In glass manufacturing, lithium carbonate can be used as a flux to lower the melting temperature and viscosity of glass, improve the processing performance of glass, and enhance its strength, transparency, and corrosion resistance. In ceramic production, lithium carbonate can be used as an additive to improve the sintering performance and microstructure of ceramics, enhancing their strength, hardness, and heat resistance. Aluminum industry: In the aluminum production process, adding industrial-grade lithium carbonate can lower the melting point and viscosity of the electrolyte, improve the conductivity of the electrolyte, thereby reducing the energy consumption and production costs of aluminum. In addition, lithium carbonate can also reduce the volatilization of hydrogen fluoride in the electrolyte, lowering environmental pollution. Refrigerant industry: As an additive in refrigerants, industrial-grade lithium carbonate can improve the refrigeration effect and stability of refrigerants, while reducing their corrosiveness and toxicity. For example, in some new environmentally friendly refrigerant formulations, lithium carbonate is an important component. Cement industry: In cement additives, lithium carbonate can act as a coagulant, shortening the setting time of cement and improving its early strength, suitable for projects with special requirements for cement setting time. Other fields: Can be used to prepare various lithium salts such as lithium chloride and lithium bromide, which are widely used in air conditioners, dehumidifiers, batteries, and other fields. In the medical field, lithium carbonate can be used to treat certain mental illnesses and as an intermediate in drug synthesis. In analytical chemistry, it can be used as an analytical reagent for component analysis and detection. It also has certain applications in the semiconductor, optical communication, and rare earth electrolysis industries. For example, in the preparation of semiconductor materials, lithium carbonate can be used as a dopant to improve the performance of semiconductors. Lithium hydroxide monohydrate (LiOH•H2O): Basic information: A highly corrosive white crystalline powder, slightly soluble in ethanol, easily soluble in water, with a melting point of 471°C and a density of 1.51 g/cm³. Application fields: Battery field: An inevitable choice for producing high-nickel ternary cathode materials, with increasing demand for lithium hydroxide monohydrate due to the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry. Can be used as an additive in alkaline battery electrolytes to increase storage capacity and extend battery life. Chemical industry: Lithium-based grease prepared with lithium hydroxide has advantages such as long service life, oxidation resistance, and high-temperature stability, widely used in the lubrication of machinery, automobiles, and other equipment. Can be used as catalysts and additives in the petrochemical industry, for example, in the petroleum refining process, lithium hydroxide can be used as a component of catalysts to promote chemical reactions. Can be used to produce new refrigerants such as lithium bromide absorption solutions for refrigeration machines. Metallurgical field: In the metallurgical industry, lithium hydroxide monohydrate can be used for metal purification, alloy preparation, and metal surface treatment. For example, in the production of aluminum-lithium alloys, lithium hydroxide can be used as an additive to improve the performance of the alloy. Other fields: Can be used as an analytical reagent, oxidizer, etc., in chemical experiments and analysis and detection. In ceramic and glass production, it can be used as an additive to improve product performance, such as enhancing the corrosion resistance of glass and the sintering performance of ceramics. Used in the treatment of certain nuclear fuels and the separation of radioactive substances. Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4): Basic information: A white, odorless, bitter-tasting white monoclinic crystal or powder, with a relative density of 2.68, a melting point of 884°C, and a boiling point of 1,404°C. Exposed to air, it easily absorbs moisture to become hydrated sodium sulfate, transforming into hexagonal crystals at 241°C. Easily soluble in water, with an alkaline aqueous solution, soluble in glycerol, but insoluble in ethanol. Application fields: Industrial field: Widely used in the chemical, paper, glass, textile, printing and dyeing, and cement industries. Medical field: In traditional Chinese medicine, sodium sulfate has the effects of purging accumulation, softening hardness, moistening dryness, clearing heat, and reducing swelling, and can be used externally to clear heat and reduce swelling. In modern medicine, it can be used as an analytical reagent, such as a dehydrating agent, digestion catalyst in nitrogen determination, and interference inhibitor in atomic absorption spectroscopy. Other fields: Used as a filler in synthetic detergents, reducing surface tension and increasing the solubility of detergents. In sulfate galvanizing, it can be used as a buffer to stabilize the pH of the plating solution. It is a diluent for food coloring and an agent for caramel coloring production. [CLNB 2025—Hot Registration in Progress] CLNB 2025 (10th) China International New Energy Industry Expo April 16-18, 2025 Suzhou International Expo Center Contact Us

This week, the ternary cathode material market exhibited a divergent trend. Among them, the costs and prices of 5-series and 6-series ternary cathode materials were affected by the decline in lithium carbonate prices, leading to varying degrees of decrease. As one of the key raw materials for ternary cathode materials, the price fluctuations of lithium carbonate had a significant impact on the costs of related products. Meanwhile, the costs of 8-series ternary cathode materials remained stable, primarily because the prices of lithium hydroxide and sulphuric acid showed no significant changes this week, thereby keeping the cost structure of 8-series ternary cathode materials relatively stable.

I. Introduction With the growing global awareness of environmental protection, the aviation industry, as a major source of carbon emissions, is facing significant pressure to reduce emissions. To achieve sustainable development, the aviation industry is actively exploring new-type fuels, among which Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) has garnered significant attention due to its environmental protection characteristics and emission reduction effects. The Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) pathway, as one of the main production methods for SAF, offers advantages such as technological maturity and broad commercial application prospects. This article provides a detailed introduction to the hydrogenation of sustainable aviation fuel, including the basic concept of SAF, the principles of the HEFA pathway, production processes, industry status, challenges, and future development trends. II. Overview of Sustainable Aviation Fuel Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) refers to aviation fuel produced from biomass raw materials such as animal and plant oils and agricultural and forestry waste through specific processes. This type of fuel has combustion performance similar to traditional fossil jet fuel, but its most significant difference lies in its environmental protection characteristics. SAF can significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions and is one of the key technologies for achieving the green transformation of the aviation industry. The raw material sources for SAF are diverse, primarily including animal and plant oils, agricultural and forestry waste, urban waste, and other biomass resources. These raw materials can be processed through pretreatment, conversion, and refining steps to produce SAF that meets jet fuel standards. Compared to traditional fossil jet fuel, SAF significantly reduces carbon dioxide emissions during combustion, helping to mitigate global climate change. SAF can be used in various ways, either independently or blended with fossil jet fuel. When blended, the mixing ratio of SAF can be adjusted as needed to meet the requirements of different airlines. Additionally, the storage, transportation, and usage methods of SAF are similar to those of traditional jet fuel, requiring no large-scale modifications to existing aviation infrastructure. III. Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) Pathway The Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) pathway is currently one of the main commercial methods for producing SAF. This pathway converts ester- and fatty acid-based raw materials into hydrocarbon compounds through hydrogenation, producing SAF that meets jet fuel standards. 1. Raw Material Sources The raw material sources for the HEFA pathway are diverse, primarily including vegetable oils, animal fats, algal oils, and waste oils. These materials are rich in ester and fatty acid compounds, making them ideal raw materials for SAF production. Vegetable Oils: Such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil, and palm oil, which are rich in fatty acids and are among the key raw materials for SAF production. Animal Fats: Such as lard and tallow, which also contain abundant fatty acids and can be used for SAF production. Algal Oils: Algae are fast-growing and highly reproductive organisms with high oil content, making them a potential raw material for SAF production. Waste Oils: Such as used cooking oil and gutter oil, which can be processed and utilized for SAF production, achieving resource reuse. 2. Production Process The production process of the HEFA pathway mainly includes three steps: raw material pretreatment, hydrogenation, and product fractionation. Raw Material Pretreatment: This involves purifying, crushing, and transesterifying the raw materials to enhance the efficiency of subsequent hydrogenation. During pretreatment, impurities and moisture in the raw materials must be removed to meet the requirements for hydrogenation. Hydrogenation: Under the action of catalysts, the pretreated raw materials react with hydrogen to convert them into hydrocarbon compounds. During hydrogenation, parameters such as reaction temperature, pressure, and catalyst type need to be controlled to ensure smooth reactions and product quality. Product Fractionation: The hydrogenated products are fractionated to obtain aviation fuel components with different boiling points. During fractionation, the products are separated and purified based on their boiling points and properties to produce SAF that meets jet fuel standards. 3. Technical Characteristics The HEFA pathway is characterized by technological maturity, diverse raw material sources, and high product quality. Technological Maturity: The HEFA pathway has undergone years of research and development, making the technology relatively mature, reliable, and stable. Diverse Raw Material Sources: The HEFA pathway utilizes a wide range of raw materials, including vegetable oils, animal fats, algal oils, and waste oils, which are widely available in nature and easy to obtain. High Product Quality: Through hydrogenation and product fractionation, the HEFA pathway produces SAF that meets jet fuel standards, with quality and performance comparable to traditional jet fuel, meeting the needs of airlines. IV. Industry Status and Challenges 1. Industry Status Currently, many countries and companies worldwide are investing in the SAF industry, with the HEFA pathway playing a significant role. The current status of the SAF industry includes: Capacity Growth: In recent years, global SAF capacity has been steadily increasing and is expected to reach tens of millions of mt per year by 2030, with the HEFA pathway accounting for a significant share. Policy Support: Governments worldwide have introduced policies to encourage the production and use of SAF. For example, the US government has set a goal of achieving carbon neutrality in the aviation industry by 2050 and is expected to significantly increase SAF usage in the coming years. Corporate Participation: Many airlines, energy companies, and chemical enterprises are entering the SAF industry, actively investing in R&D and production. These companies are driving the development of the SAF industry through technological innovation and collaboration. 2. Challenges Despite significant progress, the SAF industry faces several challenges: Raw Material Supply: The supply of raw materials for the HEFA pathway is constrained by factors such as production, price, and transportation. Additionally, the sustainability and environmental impact of raw materials must be considered. Technical Challenges: Although the HEFA pathway is relatively mature, scaling up production presents technical difficulties, such as reducing production costs, improving raw material utilization rates, and enhancing product quality. Market Acceptance: Currently, market acceptance of SAF remains low. Some airlines are cautious about SAF's quality and performance, while consumers have concerns about its environmental benefits and cost-effectiveness. Policy Support: Although governments have introduced policies to encourage SAF production and use, the strength and effectiveness of these policies need improvement. Furthermore, policy differences between countries create uncertainties for the SAF industry's development. V. Future Development Trends 1. Technological Innovation With continuous technological advancements, the SAF industry is expected to see more innovations. For example, improving catalysts, optimizing reaction conditions, and enhancing raw material utilization rates can further increase SAF production and quality. Additionally, new raw material sources and conversion technologies will continue to emerge, providing more possibilities for the SAF industry's development. 2. Diversification of Raw Materials To overcome raw material supply constraints, the SAF industry will actively explore a wider variety of raw materials. Beyond traditional sources like vegetable oils, animal fats, and algal oils, urban waste and agricultural residues can also be used to produce SAF. These materials are not only widely available but also renewable and environmentally friendly, promoting the sustainable development of the SAF industry. 3. Policy Support and International Cooperation To promote the SAF industry's development, governments will continue to introduce policies such as financial subsidies, tax incentives, and R&D support. International cooperation will also play a crucial role in advancing the SAF industry. By strengthening international collaboration, technological achievements can be shared, resource allocation optimized, and market expansion facilitated, injecting new momentum into the SAF industry's growth. 4. Growing Market Demand With increasing global environmental awareness and the rapid development of the aviation industry, the market demand for SAF will continue to grow. In the coming years, SAF usage is expected to rise significantly, becoming a key fuel for the global aviation industry. This will provide ample market space and development opportunities for the SAF industry. VI. Case Studies 1. Research by the US National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) The US National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has conducted a comprehensive analysis of the SAF industry via the HEFA pathway, covering raw material supply, production processes, economics, and sustainability. NREL's research indicates that the HEFA pathway is currently the only commercial method for producing large volumes of SAF. By 2030, the total SAF capacity in the US is expected to reach approximately 960 million gallons per year. Additionally, NREL highlights that future facilities will increasingly be designed to produce both SAF and renewable diesel (RD) to enhance resource utilization and economic efficiency. 2. Development of China's SAF Industry In recent years, China has also been actively investing in the SAF industry. Energy companies such as Sinopec and PetroChina have been engaging in R&D and production to drive the industry's growth. For instance, SAF produced by Sinopec's Zhenhai Refining & Chemical has been successfully used in the first SAF demonstration flights of China's COMAC ARJ21 and C919 aircraft. Furthermore, China has introduced a series of policies to encourage SAF production and use, creating a favorable policy environment for the industry's development. VII. Conclusion The Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) pathway, as one of the main production methods for Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), is characterized by technological maturity, diverse raw material sources, and high product quality. With the growing global awareness of environmental protection and the rapid development of the aviation industry, the SAF industry will face both opportunities and challenges. Through technological innovation, diversification of raw materials, policy support, and international cooperation, the sustainable development of the SAF industry can be promoted, providing strong support for the green transformation of the global aviation industry. However, challenges such as raw material supply constraints, technical difficulties, low market acceptance, and policy uncertainties remain in the SAF industry's development. To overcome these challenges, international cooperation and exchange must be strengthened to share technological achievements and optimize resource allocation. Simultaneously, joint efforts from governments, enterprises, and research institutions are needed to drive the continuous development and improvement of the SAF industry. In the future, with the continuous enhancement of global environmental awareness and technological progress, the SAF industry will embrace broader development prospects. We believe that with concerted efforts, SAF will become a key fuel for the global aviation industry, making significant contributions to the green transformation and sustainable development of the aviation sector.

Recently, China's first 100,000 mt-scale pilot plant for capturing carbon dioxide from power plant flue gas and hydrogenating it to produce methanol successfully passed a 72-hour continuous performance test. This milestone marks significant progress in China's carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology. This achievement not only demonstrates the power of technological innovation but also provides strong technical support for achieving the "dual carbon" goals. The following will provide an in-depth analysis from three aspects: the principle of hydrogen + carbon dioxide synthesis of methanol, the sources of raw materials, and the future technological prospects. I. Principle of Hydrogen + Carbon Dioxide Synthesis of Methanol Methanol (CH₃OH) is an important basic chemical raw material widely used in plastics, synthetic fibers, dyes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and other fields. Traditionally, methanol is mainly produced from fossil fuels such as natural gas or coal, a process that not only consumes significant resources but also generates greenhouse gas emissions. In contrast, synthesizing methanol from hydrogen and carbon dioxide is an environmentally friendly alternative. This process is based on catalytic chemistry principles, where hydrogen and carbon dioxide are converted into methanol under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions using specific catalysts. The reaction formula is: 3H₂ + CO₂ → CH₃OH + H₂O. This process not only enables the resourceful utilization of carbon dioxide but also reduces greenhouse gas emissions, aligning with the concept of sustainable development. II. Sources of Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide in Methanol Synthesis Hydrogen Sources : Hydrogen, as one of the key raw materials for methanol synthesis, has diverse sources. Under current technological conditions, hydrogen is mainly produced through water electrolysis, natural gas reforming, and biomass gasification. Among these, water electrolysis is a clean and pollution-free method, especially suitable for regions rich in renewable energy (e.g., wind and solar energy). Moreover, with technological advancements, the cost of hydrogen production via water electrolysis is gradually decreasing and is expected to become the mainstream method in the future. Carbon Dioxide Sources : Carbon dioxide is primarily sourced from power plant flue gas and industrial waste gas. For example, carbon dioxide can be separated from power plant flue gas using capture technology and then used for methanol synthesis. This process not only reduces carbon emissions from power plants but also enables the resourceful utilization of carbon dioxide. According to data from this pilot plant, the average carbon dioxide capture rate exceeds 95%, with a maximum capture rate of over 99%, demonstrating the high efficiency of this technology. The synthesis of methanol using hydrogen (especially green hydrogen, which is produced via water electrolysis powered by renewable energy such as wind and solar) and carbon dioxide has a cost gap compared to traditional coal-based or natural gas-based methanol production methods. Below is a cost analysis of the two methanol synthesis methods and a prediction of when costs might converge: III. Cost of Hydrogen + Carbon Dioxide Synthesis of Methanol vs. Traditional Methanol Production Cost of Hydrogen + Carbon Dioxide Synthesis of Methanol According to specific cost calculations, the current production cost of methanol synthesized from hydrogen and carbon dioxide is approximately 3,950 yuan/mt (this figure may vary depending on different calculation conditions and assumptions). Among these, raw material costs account for about 85% of the total production cost, making it the primary cost; fixed costs account for about 10%; and process costs account for the smallest proportion. Raw Material Costs : These mainly include the costs of hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Hydrogen costs are influenced by green electricity prices, while carbon dioxide costs are relatively low but are also affected by capture and purification processes. According to publicly available information, hydrogen costs are one of the main expenses in the methanol synthesis process, whereas carbon dioxide prices, though fluctuating, are relatively lower compared to hydrogen. Process Costs : These include the consumption of catalysts, electricity, circulating cooling water, and process gases. The performance of catalysts significantly impacts methanol selectivity and single-pass conversion rates, thereby affecting overall process costs. Fixed Costs : These mainly consist of labour, depreciation, administrative, and sales expenses. Cost of Traditional Methanol Production Coal-Based Methanol: The price of raw coal is relatively stable but is influenced by market supply-demand relationships, transportation costs, and other factors. Coal-based methanol production is a mature process but involves high carbon emissions. Natural Gas-Based Methanol: Natural gas prices are highly volatile, and thus the cost of natural gas-based methanol production fluctuates accordingly. The cost of traditional methanol production varies depending on raw material type, production process, equipment depreciation, labour costs, and other factors. Generally, the cost of coal-based methanol is approximately 1,953 yuan/mt when coal prices are 800 yuan/mt. Prediction of Cost Convergence Currently, the cost of hydrogen + carbon dioxide synthesis of methanol is higher than that of traditional methanol production methods. However, with technological advancements, economies of scale, reductions in renewable energy costs, and improvements in carbon capture technology, the cost of hydrogen + carbon dioxide synthesis of methanol is expected to gradually decrease. Specifically, the following developments will help reduce methanol synthesis costs: Reduction in Green Electricity Costs : With continuous advancements in PV and wind power technologies and the expansion of installed capacity, the cost of green electricity will continue to decrease. This will directly lower hydrogen production costs, thereby reducing raw material costs for methanol synthesis. Reduction in Carbon Capture Costs : As carbon capture technology improves and scales up, the cost of capturing carbon dioxide will also gradually decrease, helping to lower one of the raw material costs for methanol synthesis. Improvement in Catalyst Performance : Enhancing catalyst performance will increase methanol selectivity and single-pass conversion rates, thereby reducing process costs. Policy Support : Government support policies for the new energy and chemical industries, such as tax incentives and financial subsidies, will also help reduce methanol synthesis costs to some extent. Considering the above factors, it is expected that in the coming years, driven by technological advancements and cost reductions, the cost of hydrogen + carbon dioxide synthesis of methanol will gradually approach and potentially surpass the cost of traditional methanol production methods. However, the exact timeline depends on the pace of technological progress, the strength of policy support, and changes in market demand, among other factors. Nevertheless, it is certain that with the growing global demand for carbon reduction and clean energy, the cost reduction and large-scale application of hydrogen + carbon dioxide synthesis of methanol will be an irreversible trend. IV. Future Prospects of This Technology Policy Support and Market Demand : As global attention to climate change intensifies, governments worldwide are introducing policies to promote the development of CCUS technology. Meanwhile, with the depletion of traditional fossil fuel resources and the growing awareness of environmental protection, the market demand for clean energy and low-carbon products is also increasing. This provides a broad market space for the development of hydrogen + carbon dioxide synthesis of methanol technology. Technological Innovation and Cost Reduction : With continuous technological advancements and the application of large-scale production, the cost of hydrogen + carbon dioxide synthesis of methanol is expected to decrease further. For example, optimizing catalyst performance, improving reaction efficiency, and reducing energy consumption can significantly lower production costs. Additionally, as renewable energy-based hydrogen production technology matures and costs decrease, the cost of hydrogen as a raw material will also drop significantly, further driving the development of this technology. Industry Chain Extension and Diversified Applications : In addition to being a chemical raw material, methanol can be further converted into other high-value-added products such as formaldehyde, acetic acid, and dimethyl ether. This will help extend the industry chain, increase product value, and expand application fields. Meanwhile, as the technology continues to mature and the market expands, hydrogen + carbon dioxide synthesis of methanol technology is expected to be applied and promoted in more fields. In summary, hydrogen + carbon dioxide synthesis of methanol technology, as an environmentally friendly and resource-efficient chemical production method, has broad development prospects. In the future, with policy support, market promotion, continuous technological innovation, and cost reduction, this technology is expected to play an increasingly important role in achieving the "dual carbon" goals. Written by: SMM Hydrogen Energy Analyst Xin Shi - 13515219405 (WeChat same)

The new energy revolution achieved through an accelerated structure in energy demand shifting toward cleaner sources such as solar, wind, and electric vehicles, or EVs, is restructuring industries across the world. This brings us to our next question:Which non-ferrous metals will lead in this new clean energy era?