Overall, the supply-demand fundamentals of the prebaked anode market are expected to remain stable in H2, but against the backdrop of continuous new capacity release, industry competition may intensify, and price trends will be more influenced by cost-side disruptions and downstream procurement pace.

In H1 2026, Shanghai aluminum prices followed a high-first-then-low trajectory. In Q1, a mix of market expectations for Federal Reserve rate cuts and geopolitical tensions in the Middle East drove aluminum prices to multi-year highs. Entering Q2, confirmation of the US strong-dollar policy stance, easing supply disruptions in the Middle East, and a seasonal lull in domestic downstream consumption combined to push the aluminum price center downward continuously. Looking ahead to H2, persistent strong US dollar sentiment and overseas liquidity concerns will cap non-ferrous metal valuations. On the supply side, elevated aluminum prices have incentivized higher production releases; domestic operating capacity is projected to rise month-on-month, while newly commissioned capacity in the Middle East and Indonesia will ramp up output gradually. On the demand side, domestic consumption recovery is set to remain modest. Existing export order backlogs will still prop up aluminum semi-finished product shipments, yet market expectations for new export orders have softened. All told, Shanghai aluminum’s price center is likely to slide further in H2, delivering a full-year high-first-then-low price pattern. 1. H1 2026 Shanghai Aluminum Price Review by Stage 1.1 Q1: Macroeconomics & Geopolitics Dominate, Aluminum Prices Surge Then Consolidate Shanghai aluminum prices in Q1 2026 were primarily dictated by macro sentiment and overseas supply disruptions, with seasonally weak fundamentals taking a backseat. January: Rate Cut Expectations & Capital Inflows Fuel Price Rally Fundamentals: A seasonal lull ahead of the Lunar New Year created demand weakness, leading to a continuous build-up of social aluminum ingot inventories. By late January, SMM-tracked social inventories hit 782,000 tonnes, the highest level for the period in three years. Sustained high aluminum margins squeezed profit margins for downstream processors, dampening their willingness to operate and curbing primary aluminum purchasing activity. Macroeconomics: Markets priced in an impending Fed rate-cut cycle, sending the US Dollar Index sharply lower and drawing heavy speculative capital into commodity futures. Complementary pro-consumption policies rolled out domestically further underpinned aluminum prices. SMM’s average A00 aluminum price stood at RMB 24,086/tonne in January, the highest monthly average in H1. February: Cooling Rate-Cut Hopes Trigger Range-Bound Weakness Fundamentals: Lunar New Year holidays triggered a sharp collapse in downstream procurement, while smelters ramped up ingot casting, pushing social inventories even higher. Post-holiday SMM social inventories climbed to 1.108 million tonnes, with bloated stock levels failing to provide upward price support. Macroeconomics: Dimming Fed rate-cut bets lifted the US Dollar Index, prompting profit-taking liquidation that dragged aluminum prices lower and locked the market into weak consolidation. The average SMM A00 aluminum price retreated to RMB 23,385/tonne in February, down roughly RMB 700 month-on-month. March: Alternating Middle East Supply Risks & Demand Drags Intensify Volatility March trading centered on alternating forces of Middle East supply disruptions and demand-side headwinds, amplifying long-short volatility and driving aluminum prices through a pattern of rally-correction-rebound. Supply-side developments saw widespread overseas production curtailments: Mozal entered maintenance; Qatalum maintained a 60% operating rate and ruled out further output reductions; Alba shut down Lines 1, 2 and 3 with additional cutbacks rumoured; major damage to EGA facilities stoked fears of large-scale production suspensions. SMM estimates tally nearly 4 million tonnes of overseas primary aluminum capacity subject to cuts, including Mozambique’s smelter. Worries over contracting overseas supply became the core catalyst for periodic price rallies. Geopolitical risks: Escalating conflict in the Middle East raised widespread market concerns over shipping security in the Strait of Hormuz, embedding persistent geopolitical risk premiums into aluminum valuations. Demand-side headwinds: Mounting stagflation fears lifted risk aversion; lofty aluminum prices deterred downstream buying, while surging energy and freight costs crushed processor profitability and restrained demand recovery. SMM’s average A00 aluminum price rebounded to RMB 24,386/tonne in March, the second-highest monthly average in H1, alongside markedly wider price swings. 1.2 Q2: Expanding Supply & Marginal Demand Weakness Push Price Center Lower In Q2, high aluminum prices lifted domestic capacity utilization, while the market gradually priced in the impacts of overseas smelter cutbacks, shifting focus back to domestic fundamentals. Shanghai aluminum’s average price fell from roughly RMB 24,665/tonne in April to RMB 23,769/tonne in June, with prices dipping to an intra-year low of RMB 22,665/tonne in late June. Supply side: Strong prices encouraged primary aluminum smelters to boost operating rates and lift domestic output. The market gradually absorbed the impact of cutbacks in Mozambique and the Middle East, weakening the Shanghai-LME aluminum price ratio. Between June and July, rumours circulated that curtailed Middle East capacity would resume production, coupled with sequential commissioning of new Indonesian smelters, amplifying expectations of rising overseas supply. Industry communications indicate domestic primary aluminum output rose approximately 3.5% year-on-year over the first five months. Demand side: Elevated aluminum prices weighed on domestic end-user consumption, yet a stronger LME premium relative to Shanghai aluminum boosted semi-finished aluminum exports, offsetting weak domestic primary aluminum offtake. General Administration of Customs data records cumulative exports of unwrought aluminum and semi-finished products at 2.685 million tonnes in Jan-May, up 10.4% YoY. April single-month exports hit 598,000 tonnes, a one-year-plus high, followed by May shipments of 632,000 tonnes, up 15.5% YoY. Robust export volumes effectively filled the gap left by muted domestic consumption. Inventory side: Q2 delivered a pronounced destocking cycle. Social inventories peaked at 1.465 million tonnes in early May before falling to 1.165 million tonnes by end-June, a total drawdown of around 300,000 tonnes with an accelerated destocking pace. Weekly inventory drawdowns once surged to 170,000 tonnes, a four-year high for single-week de-stocking volumes. 2. Fundamental Supply & Demand Analysis 2.1 Supply: High Smelting Margins Boost Operating Rates, New Capacity Ramp-Ups Keep H1 Supply Ample Persistently robust smelting profitability in H1 2026 significantly expanded production flexibility, acting as the core driver of loose supply conditions through the first half. On one hand, sustained aluminum price strength maintained healthy per-tonne margins, maximizing smelters’ production incentives. On the other hand, new projects commissioned from late 2025 through H1 2026 entered sequential ramp-up phases, delivering steady monthly output increments. Continuous volume growth from newly commissioned capacity further lifted domestic primary aluminum production. The combined effects drove steady gains in national primary aluminum output, resulting in abundant raw material supply across the market. 2.2 Demand: Muted Domestic Consumption, Exports Act as Key Support Domestic primary aluminum demand in H1 2026 displayed a clear divergence: soft domestic offtake offset by buoyant external demand. Persistently high aluminum prices suppressed downstream purchasing, yet semi-finished aluminum exports benefited from favourable cross-market price differentials and delivered standout performance. General Administration of Customs data shows China exported 1.435 million tonnes of aluminum semi-finished products in Jan-May 2026, up 13.7% YoY, with May single-month exports reaching 320,000 tonnes (+14.7% YoY). Elevated export volumes over the first five months created a vital outlet for domestic primary aluminum digestions. The core driver behind export strength was the LME-over-Shanghai price spread: overseas markets faced tight supply expectations stemming from Middle East production cuts, while bloated domestic inventories depressed Shanghai aluminum, creating lucrative profit windows for semi-finished aluminum exporters. 2.3 Inventories: H1 Inventory Build to Multi-Year Highs Followed by Rapid Q2 Destocking Domestic social primary aluminum inventories traversed three distinct phases in H1 2026: rapid accumulation, consolidation at elevated levels, then steep destocking. Early-year seasonal weakness ahead of the Lunar New Year combined with high aluminum prices curbing demand drove continuous inventory builds, which peaked at a multi-year high of 1.465 million tonnes in early May. Subsequent downstream post-holiday restocking and surging export shipments triggered accelerated inventory drawdowns through Q2. The sharp destocking rate stemmed from concentrated export deliveries paired with a wave of downstream replenishment demand. 3. H2 2026 Outlook 3.1 Macroeconomics: Strong US Dollar Caps Metal Valuations The US will maintain its strong-dollar policy stance, keeping the US Dollar Index elevated and capping valuation upside across non-ferrous metals. Middle Eastern geopolitical risk premiums will gradually fade amid improved shipping outlook for the Strait of Hormuz and easing overseas liquidity jitters, creating long-term bearish pressure on aluminum prices. 3.2 Supply: Overseas Capacity Resumptions & New Commissioning Run Parallel Overseas market developments include incremental production restarts across Middle Eastern smelters, alongside faster ramp-up schedules for newly commissioned overseas capacity. 3.3 Demand: Weakening Support from Export Orders Short-term backlogged orders will continue to underpin semi-finished aluminum export volumes, yet narrowing cross-market price spreads have softened market expectations for new export order intake, pointing to downside risks for export growth over the medium-to-long term. Market participants will closely monitor domestic seasonal peak consumption trends and overseas new order placement momentum. 4. Comprehensive Market Assessment All factors considered, the Shanghai aluminum market will face dual headwinds of macro valuation pressure and expanding supply volumes throughout H2 2026.

Aluminum associations from the United States, Europe, Canada and Japan highlighted OECD data showing that global aluminum-sector subsidies totaled USD118.3 billion during 2005-2024, with China accounting for USD101.4 billion, or 86% of the total. In 2024 alone, China received USD10.2 billion of the sector’s USD11.1 billion global subsidies. Industry groups noted that China’s share of global primary aluminum output has risen from 11% to 61% over the past two decades, with subsidy-supported growth extending into downstream processing and recycling. The associations called for coordinated measures, including import monitoring systems, tariff alignment and potential scrap export restrictions, to strengthen supply-chain security and support fair competition.

SMM News, May 29: According to SMM statistics, domestic primary aluminum output in May 2026 (31 days) rose 2.1% year-on-year and 3.8% month-on-month. Although the recovery of domestic end-user demand has been relatively slow, the persistent widening of the primary aluminum supply gap overseas has strongly boosted export demand for domestic aluminum products. This has effectively underpinned domestic molten aluminum consumption and kept apparent consumption in positive growth territory. The proportion of molten aluminum in domestic production edged up moderately, rising by 1.1 percentage points month-on-month to 76.5% in the month. The overall performance was slightly better than expectations at the start of the month, mainly driven by stronger-than-expected export orders. Based on SMM’s calculation of molten aluminum proportion, domestic primary aluminum ingot output in May fell 1.2% year-on-year and 0.9% month-on-month. Capacity Changes : As of late May, SMM recorded domestic operational primary aluminum capacity at approximately 46.209 million metric tons, with no month-on-month change. Output Forecast : In June 2026, buoyed by improving overseas market demand, export orders for domestic aluminum fabricated products are expected to keep recovering, supporting a slight rebound in the molten aluminum proportion. Overall, the molten aluminum proportion is projected to increase by 0.1 percentage point to 76.6%.

SMM News, May 29: According to SMM statistics, the total output of primary aluminum overseas in May 2026 fell year-on-year by 9.9%, mainly due to large-scale production cuts at aluminum smelters in the Middle East. The average daily overseas output edged up 0.4% month-on-month, supported by production resumptions at smelters in the US, Spain and Iceland, as well as ramping-up output from new projects in Indonesia. As revealed in the Q4 and full-year financial report of Vedanta Aluminium for Fiscal Year 2026, Balco Aluminium Plant has launched the first production run on India’s most advanced 525kA primary aluminum production lines. The plant’s total production capacity has expanded to 1 million metric tons, and the project is expected to enter a steady output ramping phase. Looking ahead to June 2026, production resumptions at aluminum smelters in the US and Iceland will continue. Driven by high price levels, new primary aluminum projects in Indonesia will accelerate construction, and some are expected to commence power connection and commissioning gradually. The expanded capacity at Balco in India will keep ramping up. Overall, overseas primary aluminum output will remain in year-on-year decline in the short term, while the average daily output will maintain month-on-month growth amid ongoing production resumptions and capacity ramping of new projects. Market participants shall keep a close eye on official announcements from aluminum producers across the Middle East, Indonesia and India.

Data from Industrious Labs showed that US 50% tariffs on primary aluminum have significantly reduced imports, with shipments from Canada falling 25% YoY and not fully replaced by other suppliers. Total available primary aluminum in the US, including domestic production and imports, has dropped to its lowest level since tariffs were introduced in 2018, even below pandemic lows. Meanwhile, US primary aluminum output has remained around 0.7–1.0 million tones since 2017, while demand could rise by as much as 40% over the next decade. Markets believe supply risks from the Middle East, high electricity costs and long smelter expansion timelines will keep the US aluminum market tight in the near term.