SMM, March 31 – In March 2026, China's metallurgical-grade alumina output rose 10.56% month-on-month but fell 3.33% year-on-year. From a capacity perspective, as of the end of March, the national installed capacity stood at approximately 113.22 million tonnes, with some growth driven by the gradual commissioning of new alumina projects in Guangxi. However, operating capacity declined 2.1% month-on-month and 8.7% year-on-year. Although new projects were brought online, they were still in trial production at the end of March and did not contribute effective output, leading to a decline in the overall operating rate. Looking at output structure, total production in March increased from February, but average daily output declined. The main reasons are: on one hand, several enterprises in Guizhou and Guangxi carried out various levels of maintenance; among them, one Guizhou-based company shut down part of its production lines due to operational pressure, significantly lowering the operating rate in southern China. On the other hand, northern regions such as Henan and Shandong saw relatively stable operations, mainly fulfilling long-term contract deliveries. In Shanxi, some enterprises continued upgrading their production lines, causing a slight decline in the operating rate. These factors combined led to a month-on-month drop in average daily output in March. Looking ahead to April, the oversupply pattern in the alumina market is expected to persist. First, newly added capacity in Guangxi and Chongqing will be gradually released, driving overall output higher and intensifying competition within the industry. Second, attention should be paid to the indirect impact of geopolitical conflicts in the Middle East: some overseas alumina originally destined for the Middle East has been forced to be re-exported to China, resulting in an unexpected increase in China's imported alumina volume. This will likely impact the domestic market and may restrain the release of domestic production capacity. Based on a comprehensive assessment, China's operating alumina capacity in April 2026 is expected to be around 86.63 million tonnes.

According to SMM data, the week of March 23–27, 2026 marked the final stretch of China’s traditional peak-demand season known as “Golden March.” During the week, the most-active stainless steel futures contract ( SS2605 ) posted a firmer, rangebound rebound as weak fundamentals clashed with renewed macro support. By the close on March 27 , the contract had risen to RMB 14,355/mt (about USD 2,076/mt) , up RMB 205/mt (about USD 29.65/mt) from RMB 14,150/mt (about USD 2,047/mt) a week earlier. The week’s defining feature was a sharp contrast between weak spot fundamentals and resilient market expectations. Physical demand remained mediocre, and social inventories moved back into accumulation. Even so, stainless futures found strong support from easing concerns over the Middle East, policy-related uncertainty in Indonesia’s nickel sector, and liquidity support from China’s central bank. As a result, prices managed to hold the lower end of the recent trading range and rebound from there. Macro backdrop: easing geopolitical stress, but rates remain a headwind At the macro level, both overseas and China-related developments saw important shifts. In the Middle East, the nearly month-long Strait of Hormuz crisis showed signs of easing after Iran’s mission to the United Nations said that non-hostile vessels could still pass safely through the strait in coordination with Iranian authorities. That helped cool fears of a major energy supply disruption. However, the inflation fallout from the earlier oil price spike has already shown up in global rates markets. US Treasury yields remained elevated, further reducing room for aggressive Fed easing expectations. In China, the central bank conducted a RMB 500 billion one-year MLF operation , equivalent to about USD 72.32 billion , helping keep liquidity conditions reasonably ample. While this was largely a routine move, it did help ease some of the valuation pressure created by a high global interest-rate environment and offered a degree of support to the market floor. Fundamentals: destocking stalls as inventories edge higher again On the fundamentals side, the destocking trend came to an abrupt halt, and “Golden March” ended on a disappointing note. The latest SMM data showed that social inventories failed to extend the declines seen over the previous two weeks and instead edged up to 982,000 mt , from 979,300 mt the week before, an increase of 2,700 mt . That renewed inventory build hit a sensitive spot for the market. In the spot market, downstream buyers continued to replenish only as needed, with very little appetite for stocking up. Throughout March, trading activity never showed the kind of momentum normally associated with a true seasonal demand peak. At the same time, mills have maintained relatively high production schedules, creating a mismatch between concentrated arrivals and lukewarm demand. As a result, inventory digestion is becoming more difficult rather than less, placing a clear cap on further upside in both futures and spot prices. Cost support stays firm as Indonesia policy rumors stir the market The cost side remained notably resilient, with fresh policy speculation adding another layer of support. As of March 27 , high-grade NPI was quoted at RMB 1,083.5 per nickel unit (about USD 156.71 per nickel unit) , while high-carbon ferrochrome held firm at RMB 8,650 per 50-basis mt (about USD 1,251.07 per 50-basis mt) . Although weak spot fundamentals still left mills inclined to push back against expensive raw materials, the market was unsettled this week by reports and rumors surrounding possible Indonesian export taxes and windfall taxes on nickel products. That policy uncertainty quickly revived bullish sentiment and helped upstream prices stabilize even as the market faced correction pressure. With raw material costs remaining elevated, downside room in stainless steel futures continued to look limited. Outlook: macro support sets the floor, weak demand caps the upside Overall, this week’s market was a clear example of macro support defining the downside floor while weak fundamentals capped the upside. “Golden March” ended without delivering the demand strength many had hoped for, and the return to inventory accumulation undermined the bullish case from a fundamental perspective. Even so, the combined effect of China’s RMB 500 billion MLF injection, easing Middle East tensions, and Indonesian tax-related speculation helped prevent a breakdown and instead allowed prices to rebound. Looking ahead, the market is now moving into the “Silver April” period. With inventories still high and mill output still elevated, there is little in the current fundamentals to support a strong one-way rally. At the same time, cost support remains firm enough to make a deep decline difficult. In the near term, the most-active stainless steel futures contract is expected to remain in a broad trading range. Market participants should pay close attention to whether Indonesian policy measures are formally implemented and how quickly spot inventories are absorbed after the holiday period. For now, chasing prices higher aggressively still looks risky. Written by: Bruce Chew | bruce.chew@smm.cn +601167087088

[SMM Steel] On March 19, 2026, SAIL announced that its Rourkela Steel Plant (RSP) achieved a record annual production of 932,400 mt from its new plate mill, surpassing the previous record of 931,919 mt set in FY25. This milestone was reached with weeks still remaining in the current fiscal year. The output specifically included thinner grades and high-strength plates for critical defense and infrastructure sectors.

[SMM Aluminum Morning Briefing: Middle East Situation Remains Deadlocked, Aluminum Prices Hold Up Well] Overall, macro geopolitical risks are providing support at the bottom of prices, while the continued buildup in China’s social inventory is weighing on aluminum prices. However, the geopolitical situation in the Middle East remains unclear. If the conflict persists, expectations for tighter global aluminum supply will remain strong, and aluminum prices will still have solid upward momentum. In the short term, aluminum prices are still expected to hold up well.

The Netherlands generated 132 billion kWh of electricity in 2025, a 10% year-on-year increase, with renewables accounting for 49% of the total mix. Solar output surged 17%, driven by a sunny season and a 4% growth in installed capacity, which includes around 550 MW of small-scale PV added in the first half of the year. Conversely, fossil fuels supplied 48% of the total, as natural gas and coal generation rose by 11% and 25%, respectively. Bolstered by strong domestic production, the country's electricity exports jumped 25% to 30 billion kWh, heavily supplying neighboring Germany and Belgium amid regional generation shortfalls.

[SMM Steel] India’s JSW Steel reported crude steel production of 2.37 million tonnes in February 2026, down 2% YoY from 2.41 mt, mainly due to the shutdown of Blast Furnace 3 at the Vijayanagar plant for capacity upgrades since September 2025. Excluding this unit, production increased around 8% YoY, supported by operations at JSW Vijayanagar Metallics Limited. India operations produced 2.31 mt, down 1% YoY, with capacity utilization at 97% excluding BF3 (88% including BF3). Meanwhile, US output fell 20% YoY to 60,000 tonnes, impacted by caster upgrades and severe winter weather affecting operations in Ohio.