At the hosted by SMM, Ouyang Yichang, SMM secondary copper industry research analyst, shared insights on the topic of "Analysis of Japan's Secondary Copper Market." He noted that, according to SMM, Japan's copper scrap market is gradually transitioning toward a fiercely competitive "seller ecosystem." Trade models that rely solely on spot cargo procurement are increasingly exposed to the risk of supply disruptions. To secure long-term resource supply, ex-China purchasing enterprises need to move beyond the traditional spot trading mindset and establish structural partnerships through deep-binding approaches such as signing long-term contracts and equity cooperation, in order to adapt to the persistently tight market landscape. Global Positioning of Japan's Copper Scrap Market Global Positioning of Japan's Copper Scrap Market Key Drivers Behind Japan's Leading Position in Asia 1 Precision Sorting: Exceptional classification accuracy ensures high-quality scrap output. 2 Well-Established Infrastructure: A mature "urban mine" system and advanced logistics provide a highly reliable supply foundation. 3 Strategic Geographical Advantage: Proximity to China (accelerating capital turnover), while serving as a key trans-Pacific logistics hub connecting the Americas and Asia. 4 Favorable Trade and Tax Policies: Zero export tariffs and transparent regulations ensure seamless global operations. 5 Commercial Reliability: High standards of packaging and business ethics minimize quality claims. Japan's Average Unit Price of Copper Scrap Significantly Leads the Top Five Global Exporters In 2025, Japan and Thailand each accounted for approximately 7% of global copper scrap exports. However, Japan commanded the highest average export price among major peers ($8,112/mt), thanks to a substantial quality premium. This price spread revealed fundamental differences in product mix. Thailand primarily served as a processing hub, with limited high-grade copper scrap output domestically. In contrast, Japan was organically driven by its mature "urban mine" ecosystem, consistently producing high-purity, high-grade materials. Flow of Japan's Copper Scrap Flow of Japan's Copper Scrap Rising Trade Volume and Shrinking Net Exports: A Shift Toward Domestic Retention Smelters Drove Copper Scrap Consumption Growth While Downstream Processing Enterprises Saw Declining Usage According to SMM, compared with 2021, processing enterprises' copper scrap usage declined by 8% in 2025. Processing enterprises: Weak downstream demand (automotive, construction) and fierce global competition for high-quality copper scrap severely squeezed domestic processing enterprises, resulting in a sustained 8% decline in their absolute usage. Smelters: Tightened environmental protection and export policies implemented since 2023 restricted the outflow of copper scrap, significantly accelerating this structural "reflux" toward smelters. Combined with the plunge in TC/RC, Japanese smelters were forced to rely on these raw materials to maintain production. Consequently, the share of copper scrap consumed by the smelting segment has maintained an overall upward trend in recent years. Japan's overall scrap supply is contracting; despite robust growth in domestic consumption, the structural decline in net exports is the primary driver. Since the 2021 peak, Japan's total apparent supply of copper scrap has been on an overall downward trend. This indicates structural tightening in domestic scrap generation and social recovery rates, with increasingly scarce available resources. Despite the overall supply contraction, domestic apparent consumption demonstrated strong resilience, as Japanese smelters actively secured local raw materials to maintain production amid plunging TC. This robust local demand is significantly squeezing exports. Net exports have consequently declined structurally to low levels. Japan is shifting from a "resource overflow" model to an "internal absorption" model, which will severely exacerbate raw material shortages for Southeast Asian and Chinese buyers. Bare bright copper payable indicator stays high: supply tightness and China's tax-driven demand outweigh the impact of recent copper price rebound Since early 2026, market copper prices have risen steadily overall; in March, copper prices experienced a periodic pullback, and copper scrap sellers held prices firm with strong willingness to defend price floors, directly driving the bare bright copper payable indicator passively higher. Entering April, futures copper prices rebounded and stabilized at highs, but the copper scrap payment ratio deviated from conventional pricing logic and did not pull back accordingly, remaining firmly in the 98.5%-99.0% range. The core supporting logic lies in: continued tightening of domestic tax regulation, with China's downstream processing enterprises increasingly relying on imported copper scrap to obtain compliant input tax deductions, forming rigid procurement demand; coupled with tight spot copper scrap supply, the dual support of supply and demand underpins the copper scrap payment ratio to stay high. Japan's Scrap Policies Japan's Scrap Policies Regulatory Shift: Building an "Invisible Wall" Although Japan has not explicitly imposed export bans, it strengthens its domestic closed-loop system through a strategic policy combination. For global buyers, this signals a structural shift in the Japanese market going forward: intensified competition, soaring procurement costs, and increasing difficulty in accessing high-quality scrap. Regulatory maturity and standardized transparency are the primary drivers of the "Japan premium." Policy Lag vs. Market Reality: Although the EU Waste Shipment Regulation and potential US export restrictions have not yet been formally enacted, the market has already priced in expectations of future supply contraction, compelling downstream buyers to proactively pivot toward trade hubs with higher compliance and transparency. "Reliability Premium" Logic Emerges: As a pioneer in industry compliance and market transparency, Japan can effectively hedge against risks prevalent in other regions, such as insufficient information transparency and origin rerouting, providing the market with an important safe-haven and pricing anchor function. Outlook and Forecast Strategic Outlook and Forecast Driven by aggressive development targets at both enterprise and national levels, scrap consumption by domestic smelters in Japan is set to experience significant structural growth. According to SMM, the climb in scrap consumption by Japanese smelters is not a short-term cyclical response triggered by declining mine TCs, but rather a fundamental structural transformation underpinned by strong capital strength and long-term commitment. As 2030 ESG-related targets continue to materialize, the trend of retaining domestic scrap for internal use in Japan will deepen further, structurally tightening global circulating scrap supply over the long term and continuously compressing the available sourcing volume for ex-China buyers. Response Logic for the "New Normal" in Japan's Copper Scrap Market Volume and Flow Direction: Steady Decline Net exports of copper scrap will not plunge to zero abruptly, but rather exhibit a sustained structural decline trend. As domestically subsidized capacity comes fully online, exports of high-grade secondary copper such as bare bright copper and No.1 copper will enter a steady contraction trajectory. Pricing Logic: The traditional medium and long-term linkage of "rising copper prices, declining scrap payment ratios" has been structurally reshaped. Under the dual effects of persistently tight copper concentrates supply and China's rigid tax-driven procurement demand providing a floor, the payment ratio for Japan's high-quality copper scrap is expected to establish a long-term upward baseline. Strategic Pivot: Constrained by the upper limit of domestic secondary copper output and tight labor supply, Japanese recycling industry alliances will accelerate their expansion into markets outside China. Japanese enterprises will invest in overseas joint venture projects to solidify downstream processing capacity deployment while maintaining Japanese-led control over raw material supply chains. According to SMM analysis, the current Japanese copper scrap market is gradually transitioning toward a fiercely competitive "seller ecosystem." Trade models that rely solely on spot purchases are increasingly exposed to the risk of supply disruptions. To secure long-term resource supply, ex-China purchasing enterprises need to move beyond the traditional spot trading mindset and establish structural partnerships through deep-binding approaches such as signing long-term contracts and equity cooperation, thereby adapting to the persistently tight market landscape.

[SMM Silicone Weekly Review: Silicone Overall Product Price Center Shifted Slightly Upward, Weekly Market Trading Atmosphere Was Subdued] This week, the transaction center of China's silicone DMC market shifted slightly upward, with the mainstream transaction range at 14,800-15,000 yuan/mt, up 50 yuan/mt WoW. Regional quotations: monomer enterprises in Shandong quoted 14,800 yuan/mt, up 100 yuan/mt WoW; monomer enterprises in north-west China lowered their online store prices by 800 yuan/mt to 15,100 yuan/mt; mainstream quotations in other regions were mainly at 15,000-15,200 yuan/mt. Currently, mid- and downstream enterprises were primarily drawing down inventory, so overall market transactions this week were limited to small volumes of just-in-time procurement.

[SMM Analysis: Futures in the Doldrums with Rigid Demand Providing Support, Stainless Steel Social Inventory Saw Mild Destocking] On May 14, SMM reported that stainless steel social inventory continued its mild destocking trend this week. Total inventory across the two core markets of Wuxi and Foshan pulled back slightly, dropping from 955,200 mt on May 7, 2026 to 947,100 mt on May 14, down 0.85% WoW, showing mild destocking characteristics. SS futures were in the doldrums this week. On Thursday, SS futures dropped sharply due to uncertainties surrounding the Fed Chairman transition policy, putting macro sentiment under pressure. However, the spot market showed strong resilience against declines, with stainless steel spot prices falling only narrowly and not following futures to swing wildly. Supply side, steel mills' earlier cargo distribution pace was relatively low, limiting market arrival pressure; traders were cautious in purchasing high-priced cargoes, and speculative purchasing willingness in the market remained weak. Demand side, rigid demand transactions in the market were moderate this week, with end-user rigid demand maintaining a steady pace to pick up goods, largely unaffected by the weak futures performance. Rigid demand resilience supported continued destocking, jointly driving social inventory to pull back slightly this week. Overall, despite futures being under pressure and ongoing macro uncertainties this week, firm spot prices, low steel mill arrivals, and resilient downstream rigid demand collectively drove mild inventory destocking. Currently, the high production schedule pattern at steel mills has not changed, supply-side pressure persists, and futures may maintain wild swings amid the uncertain macro environment. Combined with the traditional peak consumption season gradually...

[China Iron Ore Brief] Iron ore concentrates prices in the eastern Liaoning region increased slightly. Currently, the delivery-to-factory price of 65-grade dry-basis iron ore concentrates, tax included, is 917 yuan/mt. In early May, national safety and environmental protection inspection teams visited Liaoning. According to feedback from local mines and beneficiation plants, some had suspended production, and overall market circulating resources were relatively tight. On the demand side, steel mills were mostly producing normally as planned, with a local steel mill planning to commission a new blast furnace in mid-to-late May. Overall, demand for iron ore concentrates remains supported.

Iron ore futures showed a weak-then-strong pattern today. The most-traded contract I2609 ultimately closed at 817 yuan/mt, basically flat compared to the previous trading day. Port spot prices were down 2-5 yuan/mt from the previous day. Traders offered prices in line with the market; steel mills purchased as needed; overall spot trading sentiment was lukewarm. SMM ten-port data by product category showed that total port inventory fell 1.7 million mt MoM from pre-holiday levels, with fines, concentrates, and lump ore all destocking. By major product, inventories of Jimblebar fines, blended fines, Mac fines, and super special fines declined notably, while inventories of IOCJ fines, PB fines, PB lump, and Newman fines increased somewhat, posing certain pressure on future prices. On the macro front, market attention today focused on Trump's visit to China. As of now, no positive news has emerged, and attention should be paid to the impact of subsequent news on futures. Ore prices are expected to maintain a fluctuating trend at highs in the short term.

[SMM Rare Earth Weekly Review: Overall Decline in Rare Earth Prices Driven by Futures Disruptions] The Pr-Nd oxide market was in the doldrums overall this week. Affected by price fluctuations in futures, traders made shipments at low prices. Meanwhile, the "rush to buy amid continuous price rise and hold back amid price downturn" sentiment intensified the wait-and-see sentiment among downstream metal plants, with poor purchase willingness. Market trading activity was very sluggish. As of today, Pr-Nd oxide prices had fluctuated downward to 745,000-750,000 yuan/mt.