SMM, February 28th， Driven by the global clean energy transition, the energy storage industry is achieving steady growth. Its core value lies in effectively mitigating the inherent intermittency and volatility of renewable energy sources like wind and solar power, providing critical assurance for stable clean electricity output. This development trend will sustainably drive demand for key metals across the energy storage supply chain. As one of the core materials, aluminum applications in energy storage systems primarily focus on aluminum sheets, strips, foils, and extrusions. I. Scale of Aluminum Consumption in ESS According to SMM calculations, each 1GWh energy storage system consumes approximately 1,780 tons of aluminum , of which aluminum extrusions account for about 44%, aluminum sheets and strips account for about 39%, and aluminum foil accounts for about 18%. From the perspective of industry growth drivers, global energy storage cell production is entering a period of rapid growth: According to SMM estimates, the global demand for energy storage cells will be approximately 559 GWh in 2025, and is expected to reach 779 GWh in 2026, with a year-on-year increase of 39%; even as the base expands, the annual demand from 2027 to 2030 will still maintain a growth rate of over 20%. In terms of aluminum demand, Chinese enterprises dominate the energy storage market, driving increased domestic aluminum consumption. SMM research indicates China's energy storage battery cabinet shipments will reach approximately 400GWh in 2025, accounting for over 80% of global share. Based on SMM's calculation of 1,780 tons of aluminum per GWh for energy storage systems and global battery cabinet shipments, the global aluminum demand for energy storage systems in 2025 will reach 850,000 tons, with China consuming approximately 710,000 tons. Domestic demand for aluminum in energy storage is projected to increase by 280,000 tons in 2026. However, it should be noted that with the continuous iteration of large-cell technology, the unit consumption of aluminum structural components in energy storage systems has room for reduction. In the long term, there is still potential for optimizing aluminum consumption per unit. II. Calculation of Aluminum Profile Materials per Unit of ESS Due to design variations across different energy storage products, this section separates aluminum consumption calculations for energy storage cells from other system components . 1.Core Application Scenarios of Aluminum Materials in EES Aluminum materials, with advantages such as lightweight, corrosion resistance, and excellent processing performance, have been deeply integrated into the core components of ESS, with their main applications concentrated in three major areas: Energy Storage Cell Component: Primarily used for cell aluminum foil, aluminum casings, and tabs. Pack Component : Primarily used for battery trays, liquid cooling plates, battery end plates, and battery enclosures, etc. Energy Storage System Component: Main applications include energy storage system enclosures, radiators, etc. 2.Aluminum Consumption in Energy Storage Cells Aluminum usage in energy storage cells primarily involves battery foil, aluminum casings, and tabs. Currently, the aluminum consumption per cell is approximately 615t/GWh, with aluminum foil accounting for 300-330 t/GWh. 3.Aluminum Consumption in ESS Due to variations in technical approaches and application scenarios, different manufacturers employ distinct design solutions for energy storage systems. When calculating aluminum consumption, we use industry average values: In industrial, commercial, and residential energy storage projects, each rack is on average configured with 4.5 battery packs. In grid-side energy storage projects, each rack averages 8 battery packs, with each system containing an average of 12 rack. The aluminum components of the battery pack include the tray, liquid cooling plate, box body, and end plate. The structure of the battery tray is similar to that of new energy vehicle battery trays, but the product specifications are smaller and the cross-sectional design is more simplified. SMM calculates the aluminum consumption of a single battery pack based on the average weight data of components provided by mainstream aluminum production enterprises. In addition, the core equipment of the energy storage system, the power conversion system (PCS), and its supporting radiator also need to consume aluminum materials.While aluminum enclosures exist for ESS, market research indicates steel enclosures currently dominate the market, with aluminum enclosures holding less than 20% market share. The weight range per unit is from several hundred kilograms to 2 tons. Based on the above parameter calculations: the comprehensive aluminum consumption of industrial, commercial, and residential energy storage systems is 2030 tons/GWh,while for grid-side energy storage systems it is 1,720 tons/GWh. Weighted by the shipment share of different energy storage system types, the final comprehensive aluminum consumption for energy storage systems is calculated as 1,780 t/GWh. 4.Consumption Structure of Aluminum Materials in Energy Storage Systems From a production process perspective, the manufacturing methods for core components such as aluminum casings and liquid cooling plates encompass multiple pathways including sheet metal stamping, profile processing, and casting. This section breaks down the consumption structure of aluminum material categories in energy storage systems based on the proportion of mainstream process applications: aluminum extrusions account for approximately 44%, aluminum sheets and strips account for approximately 39%, and aluminum foil accounts for approximately 18%.

AICE 2025 SMM (20th) Aluminum Industry Conference and Exhibition is one of the most influential events in China's aluminum industry, and will be grandly held at Suzhou International Expo Center from April 16-18, 2025 . This exhibition is not only an annual event for the aluminum industry, but also a high-quality platform that gathers global leading enterprises, experts, scholars, and industry elites, focusing on high-level dialogues, industry exchanges, and product showcases. AICE 2025 focuses on the hot topics of global aluminum industry development, deeply delves into the cutting-edge technologies and trends of the aluminum industry, and showcases and exchanges the latest research results and practical experiences in upstream aluminum, aluminum rolling - aluminum plate/sheet, strip and foil, aluminum extrusion - tubes, rods, wires, and profiles, recycling and die-casting, aluminum melting and casting equipment, and auxiliary materials . Click to Register At this Aluminum Industry Conference and Exhibition, Tianjin Ruixin Technology Co., Ltd. will attend and exchange with the latest products and practical experiences, working with industry peers to create an innovative, high-quality, efficient, and sustainable aluminum industry chain, and promote new leaps in the aluminum industry. AICE 2025 SMM (20th) Aluminum Industry Conference and Exhibition will discuss, build, and share with global elites, empowering the entire aluminum industry chain. AICE 2025 will leverage the organizer's influence to integrate the three key tracks of industry, academia, and research, stimulate innovation in the aluminum industry, and drive industry development and progress, contributing to the prosperity and success of the aluminum industry. We look forward to meeting you on-site! Tianjin Ruixin Technology Co., Ltd. Booth Number: E69 Choosing Tianjin Ruixin means choosing an excellent partner in the field of aluminum alloy processing, injecting strong momentum into cooperation with innovation and strength. Tianjin Ruixin Technology Co., Ltd. was established in November 2004, with a registered capital of 166.59 million yuan; the total area covers 50,000 square meters, with a building area of 40,000 square meters, and a total of about 500 employees. In April 2020, Ruixin Technology successfully listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange's GEM. It has 7 extruders, with capacities of 7,500T, 4,500T, 3,000T, 2,800T, 2,500T, and 1,450T. There are over 450 CNC machining centers, including 7 friction stir welding equipment. Ruixin possesses full industry chain engineering service capabilities, including billet procurement, product design and simulation, mold design and manufacturing, profile extrusion, and product processing. Products involve: new energy and automotive lightweighting (car bumpers, motor housings, pack boxes, module end plates, automotive aluminum alloy components); electronic power radiators (inverters, frequency converters, PV); automation equipment and medical device precision components (factory automation, industrial robots, servo motor housings, medical device components) and other fields. Tianjin Ruixin Technology Co., Ltd. has 7 extruders with capacities of 7,500T, 4,500T, 3,000T, 2,800T, 2,500T, and 1,450T, over 400 CNC machining centers, 12 friction stir welding machines, and 16 robotic welders. The company was established in November 2004, with a registered capital of 165.9 million yuan, and an annual aluminum extrusion production of 45,000T. The main products are electrical automation equipment components, automotive lightweighting, and automotive thermal management system parts and components. In the field of industrial automation, it provides important heat exchange system solutions for power distribution cabinets, various industrial energy-saving frequency converters, rail transit, communication, automation equipment, and medical equipment, and provides precision aluminum alloy parts and components for various automation machinery and medical equipment; in the field of automotive lightweighting and new energy vehicles, it provides new energy vehicle motor housings, battery boxes and accessories, power manager radiators, automotive bumper beams, new energy module protection end plates, automotive sunroof structural components, and other metal parts solutions for first-tier brand internal combustion engine vehicles and new energy vehicles; in the field of clean energy, it provides heat dissipation and high-grade precision metal parts solutions for PV, ESS inverters, and wind power equipment.

Currently, the price of magnesium metal has continued to pull back and is significantly lower than that of aluminum, making its cost-performance advantage reappear and its functional value prominent. The innovative development achievements of magnesium and magnesium alloys are increasingly growing, and innovative application cases of magnesium alloys are continuously emerging. Magnesium is expected to usher in new opportunities for expanded applications, especially in areas such as lightweight transportation, intelligent manufacturing, green construction, electronics and telecommunications, solid-state energy storage, and medical health, where there is great potential to open up new application blue oceans. As a lightweight structural and functional material, magnesium metal will play an important role in promoting green, low-carbon, and high-quality development, demonstrating greater potential. At this critical moment and important period, the 2025 Magnesium Industry Chain and Magnesium Market Forum will continue to be held. We will fully leverage the platform's advantages, summarize the experiences of previous events, increase the promotion of this event, enhance the participation of related industry chain enterprises, and strive to achieve greater results. SMM and Shang Magnesium Network cordially invite you to participate in the 2025 Magnesium Industry Chain and Magnesium Market Forum, which will be held from March 31 to April 2, 2025. Meridian Lightweight Technologies will grandly attend this conference. We will keep pace with the times, aim for our goals, work diligently, and move forward with courage! Click the registration form to sign up immediately. We look forward to meeting you at the conference. Meridian Lightweight Technologies provides comprehensive magnesium alloy lightweight solutions. Meridian Lightweight Technologies, a subsidiary of Wanfeng Auto Holding Group, is a world leader in the magnesium die-casting industry. Since 1981, it has been professionally engaged in magnesium alloy die-casting production and is a supplier of magnesium die-casting components for major automotive manufacturers such as General Motors, Ford, Chrysler, and BMW in Europe. The company has manufacturing plants and offices in the US, Canada, the UK, Germany, Mexico, and China. It has two R&D centers in Canada and Shanghai, China, with industry-leading independent design capabilities, committed to providing innovative and economically reasonable lightweight solutions to global automotive manufacturers. Meridian has two companies in China, namely Shanghai Magnesium Alloy Die-Casting Co., Ltd. and Wanfeng Meridian New Materials Technology Co., Ltd. The company mainly engages in the production and sales of magnesium alloy die-casting parts for automobiles and motorcycles, serving OEM customers such as Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Porsche, Chery Jaguar Land Rover, BYD, NIO, XPeng, and Li Auto. Its main products include magnesium alloy instrument panel crossbeams, front-end modules, steering column brackets, engine brackets, seat frames, electric drive housings, and various other magnesium alloy die-casting products. Main Product Images: Magnesium Alloy Instrument Panel Crossbeam Frame: The magnesium alloy instrument panel crossbeam frame can integrate multiple welded stamping parts into a one-piece design, reducing weight by 38% compared to aluminum alloy materials. Through integrated die-casting, it can effectively control product dimensional accuracy, improve the convenience of quality control, reduce the scrap rate, enhance production efficiency, and reduce mold and tooling investment. Magnesium Alloy One-Piece Rear Tailgate Inner Panel: The magnesium alloy door inner panel can reduce vehicle weight, increase driving range, and improve vehicle safety performance by reducing the impact force generated during collisions, protecting passenger safety. The integrated die-casting process can highly integrate numerous components, reduce stamping and welding processes, and improve material utilization. Magnesium Alloy Charger Housing: The magnesium alloy charger housing is the main structural component of the vehicle's charging battery system, assembled from two magnesium alloy parts, providing excellent heat dissipation performance for 240V fast charging. The lightweight characteristics of magnesium alloy significantly reduce the weight of the charger housing. For electric vehicles, this means a reduction in overall vehicle weight, thereby reducing energy consumption during driving and improving energy utilization efficiency. Magnesium Alloy Seat Frame: In the design of the magnesium alloy seat frame, the original steel structure seat frame components with limited weight reduction capabilities, such as slide rails, angle adjusters, and height adjusters, are replaced, ensuring the strength performance of the seat frame. At the same time, the original backrest assembly and seat pan assembly are replaced with magnesium alloy structures to achieve lightweight and integrated seat design. Magnesium Alloy Radiator Bracket: The magnesium alloy radiator bracket adopts a one-piece integrated design, meeting all product and assembly requirements, improving production efficiency, reducing production costs, decreasing mold and tooling investment, and saving on assembly space. Business Matching for Magnesium Industry Companies: The 2025 Magnesium Industry Chain and Magnesium Market Forum is now open for registration. Please contact: 13162929454 (Lu Jiaxin).

Thai Media: According to the latest disclosure by the Thailand Board of Investment (BOI), Changan Automobile , one of China's top four automakers, has officially initiated its strategic layout in Thailand. In the first phase, the company will invest billions of Thai baht to establish a production site for right-hand-drive EVs in the WHA Eastern Seaboard Industrial Estate in Rayong Province, Thailand. This is Changan's first overseas complete vehicle manufacturing project, marking a crucial step forward in its globalization strategy. The first-phase factory is scheduled to commence operations on May 16, 2025, with an initial planned annual capacity of 100,000 units, which will be gradually increased to 200,000 units in the future. Notably, Changan will simultaneously establish an R&D center for the Asia-Pacific region, focusing on the development of core technologies for right-hand-drive car models. Currently, 600 employees have already been stationed, and it is expected that the workforce will reach 2,000 by 2026, with 90% being local employees. We are honored to invite Changan Automobile Southeast Asia Business Unit to participate in the SMM Southeast Asia (Thailand) Automotive Supply Chain Conference, which will be held in Bangkok, Thailand, on June 16-17. A special Automakers' Parts Demand Matchmaking Session will be organized. A total of six companies will participate in this automakers' parts demand matchmaking session. Details are as follows: 1. Aion Automobile Manufacturing (Thailand) Co., Ltd. 2. Changan Automobile Southeast Asia Business Unit 3. BYD Auto Thailand Co., Ltd. 4. To be determined 5. Omoda & Jetour (Thailand) Co., Ltd. 6. Joyson Safety Systems (Thailand) Demand Information : Battery cells, carpets, bumpers, roofs, tires/wheel hubs, automotive glass, battery cases, HVAC systems (including condensers, radiators, etc.), stamping part battery cases (steel plate rolling and aluminum alloy profiles), safety systems, auto body structures and covering parts, stamping/rolling parts, chassis and suspension systems, electrical and electronic systems, HVAC and thermal management systems, interior and functional parts, other auxiliary systems, braking systems, stamping parts, injection-molded parts, die-cast parts, and wiring harnesses. Scan the QR code for conference details. According to documents disclosed by the BOI, Changan has clearly committed to increasing the localization rate of its supply chain: 65% of parts will be sourced from Thailand in 2025, and this figure will reach 80% by 2028. To this end, the company is collaborating with educational institutions such as King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang through the BOI platform to jointly cultivate automotive engineering and technical talents, and plans to involve local parts companies in R&D cooperation. The Secretary General of the BOI in Thailand revealed that Changan's regional headquarters will be relocated from Chongqing to Thailand to oversee and manage business operations in the Asia-Pacific region. This decision aligns with the Thai government's "30@30" EV industry policy, a national strategy aimed at achieving a 30% share of EV production by 2030. The government will provide preferential policy support, such as tax incentives, for technological R&D. Dual Considerations: Market Positioning and Industrial Upgrading As a base dedicated to producing right-hand drive car models, Changan's Thailand factory will not only supply the Thai market but also cover right-hand drive countries in the Asia-Pacific region, including Malaysia, Indonesia, and Australia. BOI data indicates that the annual demand for right-hand drive vehicles in the ASEAN region exceeds 3 million units, yet the existing EV capacity accounts for less than 5%. Changan's entry will fill the gaps in the regional industry chain and support Thailand's transition to a modern automotive industrial system. · Conference Name: 2025 SMM Southeast Asia (Thailand) 2nd Automotive Supply Chain Conference · Venue: Hyatt Regency Bangkok Suvarnabhumi, Bangkok, Thailand · Date: June 16-17, 2025 List of Participating Enterprises for Automakers' Parts Demand Matching Participating Enterprises: 1. Aion Automobile Manufacturing (Thailand) Co., Ltd. 2. Changan Automobile Southeast Asia Business Unit 3. BYD Auto Thailand Co., Ltd. 4. To be determined 5. Omoda & Jetour (Thailand) Co., Ltd. 6. Joyson Safety Systems (Thailand) Demand Information: Battery cells, carpets, bumpers, roofs, tires/wheel hubs, automotive glass, battery cases, HVAC systems (including condensers, radiators, etc.), stamped battery cases (steel plate roll forming and aluminum alloy profiles), safety systems, auto body structures and covering parts, stamped/roll-formed parts, chassis and suspension systems, electrical and electronic systems, HVAC and thermal management systems, interior and functional parts, other auxiliary systems, braking systems, stamping parts, injection-molded parts, die-cast parts, and wiring harnesses Scan the QR code to view conference details

In the upcoming year of 2025, we anticipate that the global economy will face a series of complex and volatile challenges. With the conclusion of the US presidential election, uncertainties in global trade policies are expected to further increase, presenting new issues for international trade cooperation. In the geopolitical arena, ongoing conflicts and tensions show no significant signs of easing, posing threats not only to global security but also significantly impacting resource allocation and industrial layouts. Against this macro backdrop, industrial relocation and supply chain restructuring have become key topics that we must closely monitor. At the industrial level, the trend of protectionism in mineral resources is on the rise, directly affecting the stability of global copper concentrate TCs. With the rapid expansion of global smelting capacity, the profit margins of copper smelters are further compressed, and the challenges faced by the industry are becoming increasingly severe. In the field of secondary copper raw materials, the advancement of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) standards and the "dual carbon" goals have significantly increased market attention to secondary copper. However, the "reverse invoicing" policy implemented in 2024 and the "Fair Competition Regulations" have had a profound impact on the secondary copper industry. Looking ahead to 2025, the changes in the landscape of the secondary copper industry will have a critical impact on the entire copper industry chain. Additionally, with the cancellation of tax subsidies and other incentive measures, the space for copper cathode trade is expected to further narrow. We anticipate that the procurement ratio of copper processing materials between traders and smelters will show a more pronounced differentiation. In this context, the "CCIE 2025 SMM (20th) Copper Industry Conference and Copper Industry Expo," meticulously prepared by SMM, will be grandly held in Nanchang, Jiangxi, from April 22-25, 2025. Yunnan Energy Investment Logistics Co., Ltd. will make a splendid appearance at this conference. We will keep pace with the times, aim at our goals, strive diligently, and move forward with courage! Click the registration form to sign up immediately, and we look forward to meeting you at the conference. Booth number: C40. Integrity, Responsibility, Professionalism, Service. Smart Logistics, Quality Operations. Yunnan Energy Investment Logistics Co., Ltd. (referred to as "Energy Investment Logistics") is the main body for implementing the modern logistics business of Yunnan Energy Investment Group Co., Ltd. (referred to as "Energy Investment Group"), established on July 5, 2012, in the same year as Energy Investment Group. Over the years, it has continuously improved in terms of asset scale and core competitiveness, achieving a revenue of 72.3 billion yuan in 2023. It has now become a national "Double 5A" logistics enterprise (the first 5A comprehensive service logistics enterprise in Yunnan; 5A supply chain service enterprise), the first 4A network freight platform enterprise in Yunnan, and has entered the top 50 Chinese logistics enterprises for eight consecutive years (36th in 2024), and was awarded the 2022 National Supply Chain Innovation and Application Demonstration Enterprise. Energy Investment Logistics leverages Yunnan's geographical advantage as a radiation center for internal and external connections, effectively improving circulation efficiency and resource allocation efficiency with the concept of "quality assets + excellent operations." It implements intelligent, digital, and green upgrades and transformations in the modern logistics industry, cultivates new quality productive forces, and accelerates the reduction of social logistics costs and efficiency improvement. Focusing on non-ferrous metals, ferrous metals, new energy materials, minerals, and agricultural products, it provides safe, stable, and efficient one-stop supply chain solutions and value-added services for industry chain customers, forming a comprehensive advantage of trade + warehousing and handling + processing + transportation + finance across the entire industry chain. In Shanghai, China's economic and financial center, it has established a non-ferrous metals division, with significant advantages in financing, market, information, and talent. With copper, aluminum, zinc, and other non-ferrous metal futures listed varieties as the main business varieties, and east China as the main market, it radiates across the country and actively engages in spot trade: relying on the strong resources, funds, warehousing, overseas business, and logistics channels of Energy Investment Logistics, it organizes large-scale transportation, warehousing, and sales of non-ferrous metal raw materials. At the same time, it widely uses domestic and foreign futures trading tools to hedge against the price volatility of non-ferrous metals, providing downstream enterprises with stable and high-quality supplies. In the third-party logistics field, Energy Investment Logistics has a freight network and warehousing services covering the entire province and radiating to South Asia and Southeast Asia, operating more than 30 warehousing parks and warehouses, managing a warehousing area of 1.85 million square meters, and currently has 15 dedicated railway lines, providing domestic and foreign customers with refined inventory management, end-to-end transportation services, customs consulting and planning, and other full-process integrated services. ▼▼▼ Yunnan Energy Investment Logistics Co., Ltd. Name: Shaobing Liu Position: Deputy General Manager of Non-ferrous Metals Division Phone: 18017762808 Address: 7th Floor, Block B, Shanghai Trade Building, 2550 North Zhongshan Road, Putuo District, Shanghai Email: liushaobing@cnyeil.com WeChat QR Code SMM Conference Contact Chongshan Li 17349754665 lichongshan@smm.cn

XPENG AEROHT, a flying car company affiliated to XPENG, recently completed China's first wireless communication performance test for flying cars, with technical support from the CICV.